液态29Si NMR研究TEOS/DDS混合体系的氨催化水解动力学

原位引入有机组分对氧化硅体系改性是合成有机-无机杂化硅材料的重要方法.利用原位的29Si液体核磁,研究了甲醇为溶剂、氨水催化条件下的四乙氧基硅烷（TEOS）和二甲基二乙氧基硅烷（DDS）原位共水解的动力学过程.通过改变反应体系中氨和水的浓度,拟合出单体及中间产物浓度随时间的变化曲线,得到了TEOS和DDS各自的水解速率常数以及相应各反应物的反应级数.与单前驱体水解一致的是,在双前驱体系中TEOS和DDS自身的反应级数仍保持一级,但是氨和水的反应级数都有不同程度的增大.与单前驱体水解速率方程相比,混合体系中TEOS的水解速率常数增大.同时,DDS在双前驱体中比单前驱体中的水解速率常数有很大程度的减少.水解动力学表明,TEOS和DDS在双前驱体体系中显示出更平行的水解速率.利用固体29SiMAS NMR,XPS及小角X射线散射（SAXS）手段对双前驱体体系研究得到的信息显示,碱催化条件下原位的TEOS水解中间物与DDS中间产物的原位共缩聚程度很弱.     

~(29)SiNMR研究Stber反应的化学动力学

St ber反应以低分子量的醇为溶剂 ,由正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)在氨催化下水解缩聚形成高度分散的尺寸为 5～ 2 0 0 0nm的球形SiO2 颗粒 ,是溶胶 -凝胶过程的典型反应 .通过液体2 9SiNMR研究St ber反应水解和缩聚的动力学过程 ,确定了反应过程的中间体是Q10 ,而不是文献所说的Q61.得到了TEOS碱性条件下决速步的水解速率方程r =kh[TEOS] [NH3 ] 0 .457·[H2 O] 0 .0 51,其速率常数为kh=7.3 2× 10 -3 mol-0 .5·dm1.5·min-1(T =2 5℃ ) ,利用过渡态理论得到决速步以外的反应方程的速率常数 .同时得到了反应活化能Ea 和指前因子A的值 .结果表明 ,温度升高 ,所有反应的速率均增大 ,决速步的反应速率增大得较多 ,说明升高温度更有利于Q10 的生成 ;水量的改变对所有反应速率几乎没有影响 ;催化剂的用量对其水解和缩聚速率影响较大 .     

液态29Si NMR研究TEOS/DDS混合体系的氨催化水解动力学

原位引入有机组分对氧化硅体系改性是合成有机-无机杂化硅材料的重要方法.利用原位的29Si液体核磁,研究了甲醇为溶剂、氨水催化条件下的四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(DDS)原位共水解的动力学过程.通过改变反应体系中氨和水的浓度,拟合出单体及中间产物浓度随时间的变化曲线,得到了TEOS和DDS各自的水解速率常数以及相应各反应物的反应级数.与单前驱体水解一致的是,在双前驱体系中TEOS和DDS自身的反应级数仍保持一级,但是氨和水的反应级数都有不同程度的增大.与单前驱体水解速率方程相比,混合体系中TEOS的水解速率常数增大.同时,DDS在双前驱体中比单前驱体中的水解速率常数有很大程度的减少.水解动力学表明,TEOS和DDS在双前驱体体系中显示出更平行的水解速率.利用固体29SiMAS NMR,XPS及小角X射线散射(SAXS)手段对双前驱体体系研究得到的信息显示,碱催化条件下原位的TEOS水解中间物与DDS中间产物的原位共缩聚程度很弱.     

29Si NMR研究TEOS/DDS双前驱体体系的水解动力学

原位引入有机组分对氧化硅体系改性是合成有机-无机杂化硅材料的重要方法. 利用原位的²⁹Si液体核磁, 研究了甲醇为溶剂、氨水催化条件下的四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(DDS)原位共水解的动力学过程. 通过改变反应体系中氨和水的浓度, 拟合出单体及中间产物浓度随时间的变化曲线, 得到了TEOS和DDS各自的水解速率常数以及相应各反应物的反应级数. 与单前驱体水解一致的是, 在双前驱体系中TEOS和DDS自身的反应级数仍保持一级, 但是氨和水的反应级数都有不同程度的增大. 与单前驱体水解速率方程相比, 混合体系中TEOS的水解速率常数增大. 同时, DDS在双前驱体中比单前驱体中的水解速率常数有很大程度的减少. 水解动力学表明, TEOS和DDS在双前驱体体系中显示出更平行的水解速率. 利用固体²⁹Si MAS NMR, XPS及小角X射线散射(SAXS)手段对双前驱体体系研究得到的信息显示, 碱催化条件下原位的TEOS水解中间物与DDS中间产物的原位共缩聚程度很弱.     

2,2,3-三烃基苯并-1-氧-3-氮-2-硅杂环己烯-4-酮结构测定中~(29)Si NMR谱的研究

Ismail等人于1968年以水杨酰苯胺与二甲基二氯硅烷按摩尔比1:1新的有机硅化合物,通过测定该化合物的IR谱与2:1产物的IR谱图进行比较,指认其结构为亚胺式(Ⅱ),否定酮式(Ⅰ)。     

用NMR法研究铜(Ⅱ)-氨基酸二元配合物配体交换反应动力学

采用Varian XL200超导核磁谱仪,在200.057MHz和25±0.5℃条件下,测定了水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)分别与脯氨酸、缬氨酸、α-氨基丁酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸配合物的配体交换反应速率常数.根据NMR原理导出了实验线宽与配体交换反应速率常数之间的关系,解释了弛豫时间随配体浓度的变化关系.实验表明,交换反应速率大小顺序与氨基酸配体的空间因素一致,即随氨基酸的碳原子数增加,交换反应速率常数减少.根据实验结果提出涉及三角双锥过渡态的反应机理.     

氢键簇生长的反应动力学和统计力学理论

分析氢键的形成机理与缩聚反应在统计意义下的相似性,以AaDd型氢键体系为例,分别应用反应动力学方法和统计力学理论研究了氢键簇的生长过程.两种方法给出的结果一致,由此说明,高分子反应统计力学理论可以用来研究氢键体系.然后,给出了AaDd型氢键体系中质子给体和受体官能团的反应程度与体系Gibbs自由能等热力学量之间的解析表达式.进一步预言一些氢键体系可以发生溶胶-凝胶相转变现象,并给出可以描述相变过程的广义标度律.     

Si-VPI-5分子筛的多核固体NMR研究

磷酸铝类分子筛是近年来继Y型和ZSM七分子筛之后的第三代合成分子筛材料，其骨架由A10。和P0。四面体均匀交替地组成问．由于带负电行的A10。和带正电荷的PO。四面体数目相等，整个骨架呈电中性，所以这类分子筛本身无离子交换能力和催化活性．当用硅或某些金属离子（如Mg、Fe、Co、Zn等）对磷酸铝分子筛进行同晶取代，就会在骨架上造成电行不平衡，从而使这类分子筛具有一定的离子交换能力和酸性【习．因而对硅或金属离子在磷酸错类分子筛中取代机理的研究一直是人们感兴趣的问题问．Vpl－5是最近才合成出来的具有18圆环一维孔结构的…     

~(29)Si,~(27)AlMASNMR研究不同脱铝深度稀土超稳Y沸石中Si、Al的分布

本文应用~(29)Si,~(27)Al MAS NMR和XRD技术,测量了四种不同脱铝深度的稀土超稳Y沸石的骨架硅铝比,得到了一致的结果,并研究了稀土超稳Y沸石的脱铝过程和稀土离子稳定Y沸石骨架铝的机理.发现稀土离子存在时,Y沸石骨架中Si、Al的分布与相同硅铝比的HY不同,在浅、中度脱铝时,主要脱除的是Si(2Al)和Si(3Al)中的铝,深度脱铝时,主要是脱除Si(1Al)和少量Si(2Al)中的铝,而Si(3Al)几乎不变,提出稀土离子最可能是位于方钠石笼的Si(3Al)附近,平衡三个AlO_4~-四面体上的负电荷,起到稳定Si(3Al)结构单元的作用.其次,稀土超稳Y沸石中总的非骨架铝(N_(Al))_EF,随脱铝深度的增加而增加,仅只在REUSY-38的~(27)Al MAS NMR谱中观察到Al~(a+)非骨架铝的存在.     

(29)Si NMR in LC-NMR analysis of silicones

It is demonstrated using a practical example that indirect detection of (29)Si NMR signals is sufficiently sensitive in LC-NMR stop-flow arrangement to analyze mixtures of siloxane polymers. New cryogenic probes with better signal-to-noise ratio will turn this version of LC-NMR into a routine method for analysis of siloxane polymers.     

A new study on the kinetics of Stöber synthesis by in-situ liquid 29Si NMR

Liquid-state ²⁹Si NMR was used to investigate the hydrolysis and condensation kinetics of ammonia-catalyzed tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in methanol system. The reactive rate constants were calculated by applying first-order reaction approximation and the steady state approximation theory. The reaction orders with respect to TEOS, ammonia and water were derived, as well as the activation energies and the Arrhenius constants. It was found that the formation of intermediate species Si(OH)(OEt)₃ was the rate-limiting step and its reaction rate equation was r _TEOS=7.41×10⁻³[TEOS][NH₃]^0.333[H₂O]^0.227. Higher reactive temperature benefited the hydrolysis of TEOS. The results presented here indicated quantificationally that the formation of colloidal SiO₂ particles was controlled by the initial hydrolysis of TEOS.     

29Si NMR investigations on oligosilane dendrimers

Starting with the high functionalized trisilane SiClMe(SiCl₂Me)₂ and tetrasilane SiMe(SiCl₂Me)₃ several octa- and decasilane dendrimers containing directly neighboured branchings were prepared. In these compounds the ²⁹Si NMR chemical shifts of the different silyl groups are shifted towards lower field compared with those of analogous groups in tetra- or hexasilanes. This observation is a helpful tool for the characterization of further dendritic oligomers by ²⁹Si NMR. Received: 3 June 1996 / Revised: 3 July 1996 / Accepted: 9 July 1996     

29Si NMR investigations on oligosilane dendrimers

Starting with the high functionalized trisilane SiClMe(SiCl₂Me)₂ and tetrasilane SiMe(SiCl₂Me)₃ several octa- and decasilane dendrimers containing directly neighboured branchings were prepared. In these compounds the ²⁹Si NMR chemical shifts of the different silyl groups are shifted towards lower field compared with those of analogous groups in tetra- or hexasilanes. This observation is a helpful tool for the characterization of further dendritic oligomers by ²⁹Si NMR. Received: 3 June 1996 / Revised: 3 July 1996 / Accepted: 9 July 1996     

29Si NMR spectroscopy of cyclosiloxanes

Journal of Structural Chemistry -     

Chemical shifts in the29Si NMR spectra and intramolecular reaction mechanisms in C,C-bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphaalkenes

The changes in the chemical shifts of³¹P,¹³C, and²⁹Si nuclei in structurally similar phosphaalkenes of the series XⁱP = C(SiMe₃)₂ have been investigated. The specific influence of the electrons of each of the four groups of substituents Xⁱ on the delocalized -system –P = C(Si^E, Si^Z) has been revealed. When the effect of conjugation (or hyperconjugation) from Xⁱ is strengthened, the screening of the Si^Z atom increases as the Si^E atom loses its screening. In the case of Xⁱ with a predominant inductive effect (halogens, uncojugated groupings) the changes in the screening of Si^Z and Si^E are symbatic. The correlations of the chemical shifts _a with Hammett's -constants and the behavior of the ionization potentials of the -and n_p energy levels in these compounds are discussed. It is assumed that the asymmetry in the degree of screening of the Si^E and Si^Z atoms is related to the participation of the unshared electron air of the P atom in the reaction with the –C(SiMe₃)₂ groupings.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 703–710, November–December, 1991. Original article submitted May 21, 1990.     

29Si NMR spectra of methylphenylcyclotri-and -tetrasilazanes

²⁹Si NMR spectra of various methylphenyl-substituted cyclotri- and -tetrasilazanes, composed of different combinations of the units d = Me₂SiNH, d^ph = MePhSiNH and d = Ph₂SiNH, have been investigated. For most of the compounds having more than one asymmetric centre, the spectra of both the individual isomers and their mixtures have been studied, and the signals of the individual isomers have been assigned. The effect of a different arrangement of phenyl groups in the rings, and the influence of the stereochemistry of the isomers on the ²⁹Si chemical shifts in cyclotri- and -tetrasilazanes have been studied. The ²⁹Si chemical shifts in cyclotrisilazanes are additive and can be represented as the sum of increments corresponding to the number and positions of the phenyl groups in the rings. In these compounds, the spatial structure of the isomers does not exert any noticeable effect on the spectra. On the contrary, chemical shifts are not simply additive in cyclotetrasilazanes: a pronounced stereochemical dependence is apparent.