芳香噻嗪类衍生物作为选择性醛糖还原酶抑制剂的分子对接和基于受体的三维定量构效关系研究

芳香噻嗪类衍生物被证明是一类选择性较好的高活性醛糖还原酶抑制剂(ARIs).本文对44个芳香噻嗪类化合物进行了分子对接(docking)和三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)研究,并探索了此类化合物与醛糖还原酶(ALr²)的作用机理.醛糖还原酶与醛还原酶(ALR1)活性位点的叠加结果显示, ALr²中残基Leu 300和Cys298的存在是化合物1m具有高选择性的原因.分别建立了比较分子场分析方法(CoMFA, q² = 0.649, r² =0.934; q²:交叉验证相关系数, r²:非交叉验证相关系数)和比较分子相似性指数分析方法(CoMSIA, q² = 0.746, r² = 0.971)模型,并对影响此类化合物生物活性的结构进行了鉴定.结果显示,两个模型均具有较高预测能力,并通过测试集中的7个化合物进行了验证,其中CoMFA模型和CoMSIA模型的预测相关系数(r_Pred²)分别为0.748和0.828. 3D-QSAR模型中的三维等值线图表明,在化合物1m的苄基环上C3和C4位置以及苯并噻嗪母核上C5和C7位置进行改进可能对生物活性的提高有利,此预测与我们前期报道的苯并噻嗪母核C7位改进结果一致.本文所建3D-QSAR模型能够在理性设计具有更高生物活性的新型ARIs中发挥重要作用.     

基于分子对接和QSAR方法预测B-Raf II型抑制剂活性

B-Raf激酶在促分裂素原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导通路中起着重要作用,已被确定为癌症治疗非常有吸引力的靶标.新型高效B-Raf抑制剂的开发成为癌症治疗的一个热门研究领域.本文以结构多样的B-Raf II型抑制剂为研究对象,联合应用分子对接和定量构效关系(QSAR)模型研究其定量构效关系去探讨抑制活性的起源.两个主题作为研究重点:生物活性构象和描述符.首先对分子对接方法(Glide、Gold、LigandFit、Cdocker和Libdock)进行准确性评价,后将研究的对象分子对接到B-Raf活性位点并获得生物活性构象.基于准确的对接结果,计算得到16个打分评价函数和21个能量描述符,以此构建定量构效关系模型. QSAR结果表明模型具有高度精确的拟合和强的预测能力(模型M1: r² = 0.852, r_(CV)² = 0.790, r_pre² = 0.864;模型M2: r² = 0.738, r_(CV)² = 0.812, r_pre² = 0.8605).同时探讨了对抑制活性有重要影响的描述符,结果表明打分评价函数(G_Score, -ECD, Dock_Score, PMF)与能量描述符(S(hb_ext), DE(int), Emodel)对抑制活性影响非常大.通过虚拟筛选和QSAR模型理论预测,一些新的具有潜在抑制活性的化合物作为B-Raf II型抑制剂被获得.上述信息对于进一步设计新颖高效的B-Raf II型抑制剂提供了有用的指导.     

3C-like蛋白酶抑制剂的构效关系、分子对接和分子动力学

3C-like蛋白酶是中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）等其它冠状病毒的繁殖过程中极为重要的蛋白酶。它已成为人类在抗冠状病毒领域中的研究热点。本文基于计算生物学方法对与MERS-CoV同属的蝙蝠冠状病毒HKU4（HKU4-CoV）的43个肽类3C-like蛋白酶抑制剂分子,建立三维定量构效关系（3D-QSAR）模型。在基于配体叠合的基础上,发现比较分子相似性指数分析法（CoMSIA）中的四个场组合（位阻场、静电场、氢键供体场与氢键受体场）为最优的模型（Q²=0.522,R_ncv²=0.996,R_pre²=0.904;Q²：交叉验证相关系数,R_ncv²：非交叉验证相关系数,R_pre²：验证集分子的预测值相关系数）,并借助该模型通过分子对接（docking）与分子动力学（MD）方法阐明了配受体结合作用。实验结果表明：（1）基于最优的CoMSIA模型基础上的三维等势图形象地说明了分子基团的位阻作用、静电作用、氢键供体与氢键受体作用对分子生物活性的影响;（2）分子对接研究结果显示了疏水性以及结晶水、氨基酸His166和Glu169在配体和受体结合过程中产生重要作用;（3）分子动力学模拟进一步验证了分子对接模型的可靠性,并发现了两个新的关键氨基酸Ser24与Gln192,它们与配体产生了两个较强的氢键。此外,根据这些结果,一些新的具有潜在抑制活性的肽类化合物作为3C-like蛋白酶抑制剂被获得。以上结果能够帮助深入了解3C-like蛋白酶与肽类抑制剂的作用机理,并且能够为今后的抗MERS-CoV药物设计提供有价值的参考。     

Comparison of the retention behavior of β-blockers using immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and lysophospholipid micellar electrokinetic chromatography

We have demonstrated that significant differences exist between the retention of eight β-blockers analyzed with immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) and lysophospholipid micellar electrokinetic capillary (LMEKC) chromatographic methods. The general retention trends are maintained with highly hydrophilic compounds such as atenolol eluting first and more hydrophobic compounds such as propranolol eluting last. The retention order, however, is different and would result in major ranking differences. LMEKC demonstrates a better correlation with liposomal partitioning (R²=0.95) than does IAM chromatography (R²=0.60). LMEKC, with its higher efficiency, can allow a more specific evaluation of lipophilicity than IAM chromatography and is useful in the analysis of pharmaceutical candidates, particularly for ranking purposes.     

家蝇与大鼠GABA受体抑制剂的药效团模型及其3D-QSAR研究

采用DISCOtech方法,用7个大鼠γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体抑制剂和11个家蝇GABAA受体抑制剂分别建立了其药效团模型;用CoMFA方法建立了22个大鼠GABAA受体抑制剂和29个家蝇GABAA受体抑制剂的3D-QSAR模型,模型的交叉验证相关系数分别为0.526和0.679,验证了药效团模型的合理性,为设计更高活性和更高选择性的化合物提供了参考     

离子液体为背景电解质的毛细管电泳-间接紫外检测法同时测定葡萄酒中无机阴离子和阳离子

以离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑对甲苯磺酸盐（[EMIm]TS）为背景电解质,采用双端进样方式,实现了毛细管电泳-间接紫外检测法同时分析测定葡萄酒中无机阳离子（K⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺和Li⁺）和阴离子（Cl^-、SO₄^2-和ClO₃^-）。[EMIm]TS作为电泳缓冲溶液的同时,其阳离子和阴离子分别作为样品中阳离子和阴离子组分的间接紫外检测的背景电解质。在最佳分析条件下,可在6.5 min内完成8种无机离子的同时分离检测,其线性范围为0.005~0.7 g/L,相关系数为0.963~0.995,检出限（S/N=3）为1.2~12.5 mg/L。该方法成功测定了3种不同品牌的市售葡萄酒中8种无机离子。在3个加标水平下,8种无机离子的回收率为90.1%~110.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤ 4.8%。结果表明,该方法可应用于葡萄酒中无机阴、阳离子的同时分离检测,且方法简单、快速且结果可靠。     

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a tool for estimating odour concentrations of biofilter effluents at aerobic composting and rendering plants

The relationship between chemical concentrations (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis) and odour concentrations (olfactometry) was studied for biofilter emissions from four aerobic vegetable, fruit and garden waste (VFG) composting plants and one animal rendering plant. For the VFG composting plants, the study revealed a good linear relationship of the odour concentration with the total volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentration (R²=0.97, n=16) as well as with the concentration of esters and ketones (R²=0.9, n=19). For biofilter emissions of the animal rendering plant, the total VOC concentration was a poor estimator for odour concentration. However, for this type of odour, concentrations of organic sulphur containing compounds correlated well with odour concentrations (R²=0.94, n=8). The results of the study also showed that the relationship between chemical and odour concentrations is specific for each type of odour and cannot be generalized.     

Induction effects on IR-predissociation spectra of (SF6)2, (SiF4)2 and (SiH4)2

The observed difference in transition strength for (SF₆)₂, (SiF₄)₂ and (SiH₄)₂ IR-predissociation spectra is explained by induction effects (μ₀₁²/R₁₂⁶) which have to be included in the interaction Hamiltonian in addition to the dominant dipole-dipole term (μ₀₁²/R₁₂³).     

无花果叶中有效成分鉴别及含量测定

近年来,无花果叶片中所含成分分析主要集中在同类型物质或整类物质,而对多种类型单一有效物质的定性定量研究较少。 本文采用溶剂浸提-超声波辅助法对无花果叶片中的有效成分进行了提取,利用气相色谱-质谱和超高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱对有效成分进行了鉴定。 结果表明,无花果叶中主要成分为绿原酸、芦丁、补骨脂素和佛手苷内酯。 采用单因素实验法,确定了4种成分的最佳提取工艺。 利用高效液相色谱建立了绿原酸、芦丁、补骨脂素和佛手苷内酯的定量分析方法。 绿原酸在1.84~9.2 μg范围内有良好的线性关系(R²=0.9991),回收率为95.2%;芦丁在3.4~17 μg范围内有良好的线性关系(R²=0.9981),回收率为96.8%;佛手内脂在4~20 μg范围内有良好的线性关系(R²=0.9998),回收率为89.5%;补骨脂素在4~20 μg范围内有良好的线性关系(R²=0.9963),回收率为87.1%。     

Field-portable ratiometric fluorescence imaging of dual-color label-free carbon dots for uranyl ions detection with cellphone-based optical platform

Under the public spotlight, uranyl (UO₂²⁺) ions has attracted considerable attention for the extreme radioactive and chemical toxicity to ourselves and our environment. Herein, we present a simple and effective ratiometric fluorescence imaging method for the visualizing and quantitative detection UO₂²⁺ ions by cellphone-based optical platform. The sensing solution was prepared by mixing label-free red carbon dots (r-CDs) and blue carbon dots (b-CDs) together with a fixed photoluminescence intensity ratio of 4:1. When UO₂²⁺ ions were added, the fluorescence of r-CDs can be selectively quenched, while the fluorescence of b-CDs remains stable without spectral changes. With the gradually increase the amounts of UO₂²⁺ ions, the different response of dual-color CDs resulted in a signification color evolution from deep red to dark purple under the ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. Then, a cellphone-based optical platform was constructed for directly imaging the color change of the samples, and the built-in Colorpicker APP quickly output the red, green and blue (RGB) channel values of these images within one second. Interesting, there was a linear relationship between the ratio of red and blue (R/B) channel values and UO₂²⁺ ions concentration from 0 μmol/L to 30.0 μmol/L (R² = 0.92804) with the detection limit of ~8.15 μmol/L (signal-to-noise ratio of 3). In addition, the optical platform has also been applied to the quantification of UO₂²⁺ ions in tap water and river water sample. With the advantage of low-cost, portable, easy to operation, we anticipate that this method would greatly improve the accessibility of UO₂²⁺ ions detection even in resource-limited areas.     

人工神经网络预测非环状亚硝胺急性毒性的QSAR研究

在DFT-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)水平对60种非环状亚硝胺分子结构进行几何全优化,通过多元逐步线性回归(MSR)分析筛选出9个量子化学描述符作为自变量,log LD50(lethal dose 50％,LD50:大鼠口服急性毒性)作为因变量,采用人工神经网络(ANN)方法构建QSAR模型.经Levenber...     

Crystallographic and ab initio theoretical studies of (2R,3R)-1-methyl-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid. The comparison of chiral (I) and racemic (II) structure

Crystal and molecular structures of (2R,3R)-1-methyl-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (I) and (2R^*,3R^*)-1-methyl-5-oxo-2-phenyltetrahydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (II) are presented. The alternative packings were studied using ab initio quantum-chemical methods. Energies of hydrogen bonds for real and model cases are discussed. Infinite chains of molecules instead of carboxylic acid dimers were observed.     

Structural and theoretical studies of Xe(OChF5)2 and [XeOChF5][AsF6] (Ch = Se, Te)

The XeOSeF₅⁺ cation has been synthesized for the first time and characterized in solution by ¹⁹F, ⁷⁷Se and ¹²⁹Xe NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography and Raman spectroscopy with AsF₆⁻ as its counter anion. The X-ray crystal structures of the tellurium analogue and of the Xe(OChF₅)₂ derivatives have also been determined: [XeOChF₅][AsF₆] crystallize in tetragonal systems, P4/n, a=6.1356(1) Å, c=13.8232(2) Å, V=520.383(14) Å³, Z=2 and R₁=0.0453 at −60°C (Te) and a=6.1195(7) Å, c=13.0315(2) Å, V=488.01(8) Å³, Z=2 and R₁=0.0730 at −113°C (Se); Xe(OTeF₅)₂ crystallizes in a monoclinic system, P2₁/c, a=10.289(2) Å, b=9.605(2) Å, c=10.478(2) Å, β=106.599(4)°, V=992.3(3) Å³, Z=4 and R₁=0.0680 at −127°C; Xe(OSeF₅)₂ crystallizes in a triclinic system, , a=8.3859(6) Å, c=12.0355(13) Å, V=732.98(11) Å³, Z=3 and R₁=0.0504 at −45°C. The energy minimized geometries and vibrational frequencies of the XeOChF₅⁺ cations and Xe(OChF₅)₂ were calculated using density functional theory, allowing for definitive assignments of their experimental vibrational spectra.