天津国际化学教育研讨会概况

天津国际化学教育研讨会于1988年6月13日至16日在天津师范大学举行。这是由国家科委批准,天津师范大学和美国坦普尔大学共同组织召开的,在我国首次举行的一次重要国际化学教育会议。会议的目的是探讨中等学校化学教育如何适应当今科学技术的发展和社会的需要,以及这两个方面相结合的问题。     

化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭

机械互锁的轮烷型分子梭在分子机器化学领域具有重要的位置,可通过"积小为大"的方法在分子水平进行新材料的自组装.在外界的刺激下,大环分子可以在轴分子的不同识别位点间或态间往复穿梭,从而引起体系物理或化学性质的交替变化,这种变化又构成了一类基本的机械开关,可以用来执行特定的功能,在分子开关、信息储存和处理等领域具有潜在的应用前景,是超分子化学领域的研究热点.本文以[2]轮烷型分子梭的驱动力(外部刺激)为主线,分别从酸碱驱动、离子配位作用驱动和溶剂极性改变引起的疏水驱动等角度,综述了近年来化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭在合成和应用方面的最新研究进展,同时介绍了其他力(如热力学参数熵、互锁体系中修饰基团尺寸大小、外加化学氧化剂或还原剂、得失电子引起的电化学氧化还原以及紫外-可见光照射诱发的偶氮苯顺反光异构化等方式)驱动的轮烷型分子梭的进展,最后对化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭的未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

Synthesis of spiro[indole-3,3′-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[3,2-a]benzimidazoles] and spiro[indole-3,6′-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines]

A method for annulation of the tetrahydrothiadiazine ring to benzimidazoles and 1,2,4-tri-azoles was developed. A number of earlier unknown [1,3,4]thiadiazino[3,2-a]benzimidazoles and triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines were obtained as spiro compounds with the oxindole fragment. According to NMR and X-ray diffraction data, the formation of the tetrahydrothiadiazine ring is a diastereospecific process.     

德意志民主共和国化学教育和研究的概况

1956年秋我高等教育部根据中德文化协定派苏步青教授和作者前往德意志民主共和国(以下简称民主德国或德国)讲学。在10月半至12月半两个月的期间作者到过六个综合性大学和一个工业大学:即柏林(Berlin〕、来比锡(Leipzig)、耶那(Jena)、哈勒(Halle)、格来福士瓦尔(Greifswald)、罗斯托克(Rostock)大学和德累斯登工业大学(Dresden Hoch Schule)。这些学校在1945年民主德国解放后都改了新     

Synthesis of Spiro[benzo[h]chromene-4,3′-indoles] and Spiro[benzo[f]chromene-1,3′-indoles]

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - New spiro heterocycles, spiro[benzo[h]chromene-4,3′-indoles] and spiro[benzo[f]chromene-1,3′-indoles], have been synthesized in 50–60% yield...     

铁液中[Ce]-[O]-[S]沉淀图及其应用

选用近期实验所测较为准确的稀土-氧、稀土-硫、稀土-氧-硫体系的热力学数据建立了纯铁液中的[Ce]-[O]-[S]空间沉淀图。应用热力学理论计算了铁液中氧硫活度与生成的稀土夹杂物间的定量关系。确定了铁水初始氧硫活度与生成稀土夹杂物类型的关系,并验证了理论计算结果。     

A ‘One Pot’ Synthesis of Acenaphtho[1,2-b]Benzo[f] and Acenaphtho[1,2-b]Benzo[h]Quinolines

A short, simple and high yielding ‘one pot’ synthesis of two acenaptho[1,2-b]benzo-quinolines have been described which involved highly regioselective thermal cyclization of enaminoimine hydrochlorides from 2-chloro-1-formylacenaphthylene and ½-naphthylamine.     

Self－assembly of Novel Hetero[3]rotaxane, [2]Rotaxanes and [2]Catenane

One linear template 13 and one cyclophane template 15, both incorporating two electron rich 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene units and one diamide unit, have been synthesized. By utilizing donor‐acceptor interaction and/or intermolecular hydrogen bonding assembling principles, one novel hetero[3]rotazane 22·4Cl, possessing one neutral and one tetracationic ring components, has been synthesized from 13, through neutral [2]rotaxane 21 as intermediate. With 15 as template, tetracationic [2]catenane 23·4PF₆ was assembled by using donor‐acceptor interaction, but no neutral [2]rotaxane could be obtained under the typical conditions of hydrogen bonding assembling principle. The interlocked supramolecular compounds have been characterized and their spectral properties are investigated.     

The pH-controlled[2]or [3]pseudorotaxanes based on stilbene dye SD⊂CB[7]

We studied characteristics of [2] or [3]pseudorotaxanes based on stilbene dye SD?CB[7] . In neutral or weak alkaline conditions, SD could be encapsulated inside the stilbene site of CB[7] with 1:1 stoichiometry, whereas, with the pH changing to acidity, the hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl group and the carbonyl of CB[7] maked another CB[7] molecule include into hexanoic acid site, these processes were confirmed by fluorescence spectra,UV–Vis spectra and 1H NMR.     

Structuring the Liberal (Arts) Education in Chemistry

Following the tenets of a re-integrative philosophical framework for curriculum design and educational objectives, we provide strategies that describe our effort to change the educational experience of beginning college students in introductory chemistry. We focus on the explicit connection between instructional goals and practices. For instructors and students, whom we view as collaborators in learning, we address how mental models for instruction and information can affect the classroom environment. We also describe a series of classroom, laboratory, and outside-of-class tasks that are intended to promote meaningful engagement by individual students within the context of these recommendations.     

有机化学课程中的绿色化学教育

介绍了在有机化学课程教学实践中对学生进行绿色化学教育的做法和建议,其中包括反应试剂的绿色化,反应条件的绿色化,目标产物绿色化。     

Chemistry Education in China

Facilities in China for education and R&D in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering at universities and institutes are developing very rapidly, with some of these institutions, especially in Beijing and Shanghai, already having achieved an international level. They focus not only on basic research but also on hi‐tech R&D that serves the country's top priority: economic development.     

观摩美国田纳西大学物理化学教学得到的启示

阐述美国田纳西大学物理化学课程教学的教学内容、教学方式、学生成绩的评估方式以及对教师教学工作的评估方式,并对比我国华南理工大学的物理化学教学,提出了借鉴美国高校物理化学教学的先进经验,将以教师为中心的教学模式转变为以学生为中心的教学模式是提高物理化学教学效果的一个有效途径。     

Education in Analytical Chemistry

Summary After pointing out the necessity of including philosophical aspects in the teaching areas of Analytical Chemistry, proposals are made of new definitions of Analytical Chemistry and considerations are given of samples as representatives of a collective and carriers of information. An idealistic curriculum is presented for discussion.Presented at Euroanalysis III conference, Dublin, August 20–25, 1978     

在中学化学教学中如何运用化学史的探讨

在讲授化学的各种方法中,历史法无疑有着很大的优点。它对培养学生的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义思想观,培养学生的探索、创新精神都具有极其重要的作用。     

绿色化学与绿色化学教育

本文介绍了绿色化学的定义和内涵,绿色化学的 12条原则,“原子经济”概念,绿色化学的研究动态以及实施绿色化学教育的意义和方法。     

中学化学教育中人文教育的实践与探索

科学教育与人文教育是基础教育的重要组成部分。然而由于科学主义和人文主义的对立,科学主义教育逐渐成为科学教育的主流,科学教育缺乏人文关怀,这种倾向导致一系列用纯科学难以解决的问题。化学是一门基础科学,我们在中学化学教育中进行人文教育的实践,目的是尝试解决目前化学教育中存在的一些问题,更好地实施素质教育。     

化学教育中的禁毒教育

毒品曾给我们的国家和民族带来了巨大的灾难。随着改革开放,毒流在中国死灰复燃,给人民健康和国家利益带来巨大危害。     

职业学校化学教学中的化学史教育

本文根据作者在职业学校的化学教学实践,介绍了化学史教育可以通过课堂渗透和课外活动等多种形式和方法进行。