共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
聚合物在纳米微粒制备中的应用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
概述了近年来聚合物在纳米微粒制备中的应用,分析了应用极性高分子作为纳米微粒分散介质的可行性,讨论了用络合转换方法制备纳米微粒的普适性。 相似文献
2.
木质素是自然界中唯一大规模可再生的含芳环聚合物.通过催化氧化的方法,定向解聚木质素得到芳香类化合物,具有非常重要的价值.近年来,氧化铈作为载体在木质素的多相催化氧化反应中表现较好性能.然而,对于氧化铈直接作为催化剂,并探讨其纳米结构与性能之间的研究未见报道.研究结果表明:纳米氧化铈直接作为催化剂时,对于木质素的催化氧化反应具有较好的性能,顺序为氧化铈纳米八面体纳米四方体纳米球纳米棒.纳米八面体表现出最优的催化性能,以其作为催化剂,对乙醇木质素进行催化氧化,得到了大量芳香酸及其酯类化合物. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
CeO2是一种常见的催化材料,具有很高的实用及研究价值.人们在其形貌的可控合成以及催化活性的调节等方面进行了大量的研究,取得了很多成果.近年来,随着纳米材料生物应用研究的兴起,纳米氧化铈在生物抗氧化领域的应用受到了越来越多的关注.在纳米尺度下,由于表面氧缺陷的产生,氧化铈中部分cd4+被还原为Ce3+以稳定缺陷.此时材料中的Ce3+和Ce^4+能够可逆的转化,这一性质使得纳米CeO2能够催化分解生物体内的过量自由基,从而为治疗氧化应激类疾病提供了一种可能.本综述对纳米CeO2的生物抗氧化作用进行了总结,重点讨论了CeO2纳米颗粒的抗氧化机理以及影响其生物效应的关键因素,还介绍了纳米CeO2生物安全性相关的一些研究,并对其生物应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
6.
纳米微粒的微乳液制备法 总被引:72,自引:0,他引:72
W/O微乳液制备纳米微粒是一新兴的研究领域。本文系统地介绍了乳浮液制备法的基本原理、微乳液“水池”中纳米微粒的鉴定方法、目前该领域的研究进展,并提出了适用于制备纳米微粒的微乳液体系的选择标准及该领域研究工作的展望。 相似文献
7.
纳米铁微粒的制备、表征及在煤油中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由FeSO4·7H2O和NaBH4合成了纳米铁微粒,并用异辛酸进行表面包覆. 采用X射线衍射能谱(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氧弹量热计和热分析测试技术表征了纳米铁微粒的结构、形貌及热性能. 结果表明,制备的纳米铁微粒是体心立方晶系,颗粒呈球形,平均粒径100 nm,颗粒间呈粘连状. 热性能研究表明,在25~600 ℃范围内,异辛酸修饰前后,产物的总增质量由22%提高至28%,表明异辛酸的修饰提高了纳米铁的抗氧化性能;异辛酸修饰的纳米铁粉的添加量对煤油燃烧热值影响的研究结果表明,纳米铁粉加入到煤油中且质量百分数小于1%时,可使煤油的燃烧热值提高最大234.08 J/g. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
本文用简单的分子轨道理论描述了正常氧分子O2、超氧阴离子自由基O2、过氧负离子O2-2的电子结构。由于电子排布不同,氧分子的单重态1Δ和1Σ的能态高于正常O2分子三重态3Σ。这些高能态的氧自由基、氧分子单重态和过氧化氢分子都具有强氧化性。本文还描述了普通碱基OH―和羟基阴离子自由基OH的不同电子结构,解释了羟基自由基为什么具有强氧化性而碱基是稳定的原因。这些具有强氧化性的物种就是活性氧(ROS),在生物体内活性氧是不可或缺的,但过量却是致病、致衰老的原因之一。本文又描述了纳米氧化铈的晶体结构,以及它的纳米状态。纳米氧化铈不仅是良好的"自由基清除剂",而且在医学上有重大药用价值。根据美国科学家发现,患胰腺癌的老鼠用纳米氧化铈处理后,进行放疗,癌细胞对辐射过敏,诱发凋亡,而纳米氧化铈对正常细胞和组织具有保护作用。 相似文献
11.
氧化铈的氧化还原性能对VOx/CeO2催化剂催化氯苯氧化性能的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分别采用尿素、氨水和碳酸钠作沉淀剂制备了三种具有不同氧化还原性能的氧化铈载体,并考察了这三种氧化铈载体负载氧化钒催化剂催化氧化消除氯苯的性能.三种氧化钒催化剂在300℃下对氯苯氧化的转换频率依次为4.9,1.6和0.8h-1.该结果表明氧化铈载体的氧化还原性质影响着负载氧化钒催化剂催化氧化消除氯苯的活性,V-O-Ce键中的氧物种在该催化氧化反应中起着重要作用. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
Thammadihalli Nanjundaiah Ravishankar Thippeswamy Ramakrishnappa Ganganagappa Nagaraju Hanumanaika Rajanaika 《ChemistryOpen》2015,4(2):146-154
CeO2 nanoparticles have been proven to be competent photocatalysts for environmental applications because of their strong redox ability, nontoxicity, long-term stability, and low cost. We have synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles via solution combustion method using ceric ammonium nitrate as an oxidizer and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as fuel at 450 °C. These nanoparticles exhibit good photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activity. The obtained product was characterized by various techniques. X-ray diffraction data confirms a cerianite structure: a cubic phase CeO2 having crystallite size of 35 nm. The infrared spectrum shows a strong band below 700 cm−1 due to the Ce−O−Ce stretching vibrations. The UV/Vis spectrum shows maximum absorption at 302 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum shows characteristic peaks of CeO2 nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images clearly show the presence of a porous network with a lot of voids. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, it is clear that the particles are almost spherical, and the average size of the nanoparticles is found to be 42 nm. CeO2 nanoparticles exhibit photocatalytic activity against trypan blue at pH 10 in UV light, and the reaction follows pseudo first-order kinetics. Finally, CeO2 nanoparticles also reduce CrVI to CrIII and show antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
The present study evaluates a new method to prepare Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles by formamide/tri(ethyleneglycol)monododecyl ether (C12E3)/n-octane oil-continuous nonaqueous microemulsion. The effect of the polar phase (formamide/water) on the phase behavior, drop size, and conductivity behavior of the reverse microemulsion were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the phase and morphology of synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles. It was found that the CeO2 powders synthesized within nonaqueous microemulsions and aqueous microemulisons had an average particle size of 30–50 nm and 15–40 nm, respectively. The experimental results indicate the formation mechanism of CeO2 nanoparticles in formamide nonaqueous microemulsion and aqueous microemulsion is similar, and the formamide nonaqueous microemulsion can be used as nanoreactors for preparation of nanoparticles. 相似文献
19.
Donghai Mei 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2013,22(3):524-532
Molecular adsorption of formate and carboxyl on stoichiometric CeO2(111) and CeO2(110) surfaces was studied using periodic density functional theory (DFT+U) calculations. Two distinguishable adsorption modes (strong and weak) of formate are identified. The bidentate configuration is more stable than the monodentate adsorption configuration. Both formate and carboxyl bind at the more open CeO2(110) surface are stronger. The calculated vibrational frequencies of two adsorbed species are consistent with the experimental measurements. Finally, the effects of U parameters on the adsorption of formate and carboxyl over both CeO2 surfaces were investigated. We found that the geometrical configurations of two adsorbed species are not affected by different U parameters (U = 0, 5, and 7). However, the calculated adsorption energy of carboxyl pronouncedly increases with the U value while the adsorption energy of formate only slightly changes (<0.2 eV). The Bader charge analysis shows the opposite charge transfer occurs for formate and carboxyl adsorption where the adsorbed formate is negatively charge while the adsorbed carboxyl is positively charged. Interestingly, with the increasing U parameter, the amount of charge is also increased. 相似文献
20.
纳米CeO2的表面改性及其在聚丙烯中的分散性研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
选用4种不同的偶联剂以无水乙醇为溶剂对纳米氧化铈进行表面处理,测定处理好的样品分别在环己烷中的分散性.选择经不同偶联剂处理过的样品在环己烷体系中分散效果最好的比例与聚丙烯切片共混,在扫描电镜上观察共混物断面纳米CeO2的分散情况.结果表明,表面处理有利于纳米氧化铈在聚丙烯中的分散,其中以钛酸酯3#比例为8%时处理的效果最好.钛酸酯3#处理后样品的红外光谱表明,纳米CeO2与偶联剂发生了化学键合作用,它们之间并不是简单的物理包覆. 相似文献