光学渡越辐射电子束发散角二维拟合数值分析

光学渡越辐射具有良好的方向性,通过对光学渡越辐射空间分布曲线进行拟合可以对束流发散角进行计算。采用理论计算的方法,分析了电子入射到金属-介质界面时,入射角变化对光学渡越辐射二维空间分布的影响。计算分析表明,光学渡越辐射在特定偏振方向上的分布并不仅仅由电子束在该方向的发散角分量决定,同时还受到其他方向发散角分量的影响。计算对比了电子束散角一维分布和二维分布模型下光学渡越辐射空间分布的差异。结果表明,采用一维分布模型拟合计算的电子束均方根发散角存在偏差,较二维分布拟合结果偏小。     

光学渡越辐射测量中能量分辨精度分析

基于光学渡越辐射原理的用于高能强流电子束束流参数在线测量及诊断系统,具有时间响应快、分辨率高等特点,可以测量电子束的束剖面、发散角、能量等多个参数。分析了测量系统的结构参数（包括了透镜的焦距、成像面位置、CCD像元尺寸）对电子束能量测量精度的影响,并在理论上模拟了电子束的发散角的影响。还根据系统数据的特点,阐述了数据噪声对能量测量结果精度的影响,指出了光学渡越辐射测量中电子束能量分辨精度受到多种因素的影响,需要在数据处理时考虑修正。     

光学渡越辐射测量中能量分辨精度分析

 基于光学渡越辐射原理的用于高能强流电子束束流参数在线测量及诊断系统,具有时间响应快、分辨率高等特点,可以测量电子束的束剖面、发散角、能量等多个参数。分析了测量系统的结构参数（包括了透镜的焦距、成像面位置、CCD像元尺寸）对电子束能量测量精度的影响,并在理论上模拟了电子束的发散角的影响。还根据系统数据的特点,阐述了数据噪声对能量测量结果精度的影响,指出了光学渡越辐射测量中电子束能量分辨精度受到多种因素的影响,需要在数据处理时考虑修正。     

渡越辐射在强流电子束诊断中的应用

文中描述了渡越辐射用于束流诊断的理论依据,介绍了利用渡越辐射对18MeV,2.7kA的强流脉冲电子束进行诊断的实验方案,介绍了在强流束测量中遇到的困难和解决方法.实验中获得了渡越辐射的特征图案,并对特征图案进行了分析,得到了测量时应该使用偏振片的结论.据此,利用渡越辐射测量了强流脉冲束的剖面、能量、发散角.并采用渡越辐射与切伦科夫辐射相结合的方法，用切伦科夫辐射测量束剖面,用渡越辐射测量能量和发散角,在同一次实验中获得了强流脉冲束的归一化发射度.     

一种新型光学渡越辐射光学特性的测量方法

为了解决理论测量中,光学渡越辐射焦平面的空间角分布与像平面的束剖面光路互相影响,难以同时测量,提出了一种新型的光学渡越辐射光学特性的测量方法.介绍了其光路原理和结构方案,分析了测量结构中的OTR镜头、分光棱镜与铅屏蔽结构的技术难点与解决方法.结果表明：系统克服了单功能测量、成像质量差等缺点,在ICCD相机上能够同步获得较好的光学渡越辐射的束剖面和空间角分布图案,且基本屏蔽了对图像采集有着强烈干扰的X-射线等高能辐射.     

受激渡越辐射光学速调管

本文提出一种基于受激渡越辐射的的光学速调管新方案。应用著名的Madey定理对这种新型的自由电子激光器进行了分析和计算,其中包括自发辐射的和受激辐射的分析讨论。结果表明,Madey定理确能简化复杂的计算,并给出清楚的物理概念;同时计算还表明,受激渡越辐射光学速调管具有大的输出增益。文中对N个介质区构成的多级光学速调管情形也进行了讨论。 关键词：     

一种新型光学渡越辐射光学特性的测量方法

为了解决理论测量中,光学渡越辐射焦平面的空间角分布与像平面的束剖面光路互相影响,难以同时测量,提出了一种新型的光学渡越辐射光学特性的测量方法.介绍了其光路原理和结构方案,分析了测量结构中的OTR镜头、分光棱镜与铅屏蔽结构的技术难点与解决方法.结果表明:系统克服了单功能测量、成像质量差等缺点,在ICCD相机上能够同步获得较好的光学渡越辐射的束剖面和空间角分布图案,且基本屏蔽了对图像采集有着强烈干扰的X-射线等高能辐射.     

利用光学渡越辐射进行强流束诊断

 描述了光学渡越辐射用于束流诊断的理论依据，介绍了利用光学渡越辐射对18MeV，2.7kA的强流脉冲电子束进行诊断的实验方案。在解决了在强流束测量中强背景干扰等问题后，获得了光学渡越辐射的特征图案，据此测量了强流脉冲束的剖面、能量、发散角和发射度。初步的实验结果表明，光学渡越辐射方法是强流束诊断的一种有效手段。     

利用光学渡越辐射进行强流束诊断

描述了光学渡越辐射用于束流诊断的理论依据,介绍了利用光学渡越辐射对18MeV,2.7kA的强流脉冲电子束进行诊断的实验方案。在解决了在强流束测量中强背景干扰等问题后,获得了光学渡越辐射的特征图案,据此测量了强流脉冲束的剖面、能量、发散角和发射度。初步的实验结果表明,光学渡越辐射方法是强流束诊断的一种有效手段。     

电子束发散角的直接测量技术模拟研究北大核心CSCD

切伦科夫辐射是一种方向性极好的辐射,其辐射能量发射方向严格地与带电粒子的运动方向相关,辐射光携带了带电粒子的方向信息,利用这种特性可以进行电子束发散角及其分布的测量。在基于切伦科夫辐射原理的基础上,考虑电子与物质作用时的多重库仑散射、电离等效应,进行了电子束发散角测量的蒙特卡罗数值模拟程序的建模工作,并完成了理想电子束及具有发散角分布的电子束的测量技术模拟工作。大量模拟结果显示,这种测量方法是可行的,具有对电子束发散角分布进行直接测量的能力,并且其测量系统结构简单。     

Determining the divergence of an ultra-relativistic electron beam from the diffracted transition radiation in a single-crystal target

We have studied the possibilities of using diffracted transition radiation excited by a relativistic electron beam in a single-crystal target to determine the beam divergence. For this purpose, we investigated the expressions we had previously derived that describe the angular density of diffracted transition radiation excited by a relativistic electron beam crossing a thin single-crystal plate. In our calculations, we used the two-parameter model distribution function to represent the angular distribution of ultra-relativistic electrons in the beam. For determining the beam divergence parameters, the methods of two-dimensional objective function minimization were used. The model calculations we performed confirm the efficiency of the above-mentioned methods for determining the divergence of a relativistic electron beam.     

Instantaneous electron beam emittance measurement system based on the optical transition radiation principle

One kind of instantaneous electron beam emittance measurement system based on the optical transition radiation principle and double imaging optical method has been set up. It is mainly adopted in the test for the intense electron-beam produced by a linear induction accelerator. The system features two characteristics. The first one concerns the system synchronization signal triggered by the following edge of the main output waveform from a Blumlein switch. The synchronous precision of about 1 ns between the electron beam and the image capture time can be reached in this way so that the electron beam emittance at the desired time point can be obtained. The other advantage of the system is the ability to obtain the beam spot and beam divergence in one measurement so that the calculated result is the true beam emittance at that time, which can explain the electron beam condition. It provides to be a powerful beam diagnostic method for a 2.5 kA, 18.5 MeV, 90 ns （FWHM） electron beam pulse produced by Dragon I. The ability of the instantaneous measurement is about 3 ns and it can measure the beam emittance at any time point during one beam pulse. A series of beam emittances have been obtained for Dragon I. The typical beam spot is 9.0 mm （FWHM） in diameter and the corresponding beam divergence is about 10.5 mrad.     

Instantaneous electron beam emittance measurement system based on the optical transition radiation principle

One kind of instantaneous electron beam emittance measurement system based on the optical transition radiation principle and double imaging optical method has been set up. It is mainly adopted in the test for the intense electron-beam produced by a linear induction accelerator. The system features two characteristics. The first one concerns the system synchronization signal triggered by the following edge of the main output waveform from a Blumlein switch. The synchronous precision of about 1 ns between the electron beam and the image capture time can be reached in this way so that the electron beam emittance at the desired time point can be obtained. The other advantage of the system is the ability to obtain the beam spot and beam divergence in one measurement so that the calculated result is the true beam emittance at that time, which can explain the electron beam condition. It provides to be a powerful beam diagnostic method for a 2.5 kA, 18.5 MeV, 90 ns (FWHM) electron beam pulse produced by Dragon I. The ability of the instantaneous measurement is about 3 ns and it can measure the beam emittance at any time point during one beam pulse. A series of beam emittances have been obtained for Dragon I. The typical beam spot is 9.0 mm (FWHM) in diameter and the corresponding beam divergence is about 10.5 mrad.     

Numerical investigation of the methods for reducing the runaway electron beam divergence

We have performed a comparative numerical analysis of two methods for reducing the runaway electron beam divergence using an external magnetic field or a dielectric tube. The generation of runaway electrons takes place in an inhomogeneous medium that consists of a hot channel (spark channel, laser torch, etc.) surrounded by air under normal conditions. The model makes it possible to consistently calculate the formation of a subnanosecond gas discharge and the generation of accelerated electrons under these conditions. The possibility of effectively decreasing the runaway electron beam divergence using an external magnetic field, as well as a dielectric tube, has been demonstrated. However, the number of runaway electrons in the case with the tube is considerably smaller than in the case with the magnetic field due to the fact that some runaway electrons settle on the tube walls. The energy spectra of the runaway electrons significantly differ in these cases, which can be explained by the differences in the dynamics of the discharge formation.     

利用切伦科夫进行电子束发散角测量的模拟研究北大核心CSCD

利用切伦科夫辐射方向性极好的特性进行电子束发散角的测量是一个比较有希望的方法,但转换靶材料对电子的库伦作用力等因素又使得电子束散角展宽,对发散角的测量产生影响。在将转换靶划分成多重薄片并以串联的形式构建了靶模型,考虑了库仑力、多重散射、轫致辐射、电离等全物理过程作用效果的情况下,利用蒙特卡罗模拟软件相关程序对电子在靶材料中的发散过程进行了仿真。基于电子束散角分布与切伦科夫辐射光子分布相对应的原理,完成了对电子束发散角测量技术的模拟,获得了转换靶材料及其厚度、电子束能散、测量系统光学带宽等对电子束发散角测量的影响规律,为测量系统的设计及数据反演处理工作提供了指导性的建议。模拟结果显示,基于切伦科夫辐射进行电子束发散角测量的方法具有可行性,具有一定的对电子束发散角分布进行测量的能力。     

Theoretical analysis of some problems in the measurement of beam divergence angle for EAST neutral beam injector

Beam angular divergence is one of the indicators to evaluate the beam quality. Operating parameters of the beam extraction system could be adjusted to gain better beam quality following the measurement results, which will be helpful not only to study the transmission characteristics of the beam and the power distribution on the heat load components, but also to understand the real-time working condition of the ion source and beam extraction system. This study includes: (1) the theoretical analysis of beam extraction pulse duration for measurement of beam angular divergence; (2) the theoretical analysis of beam intensity distribution during beam transmission for Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokomak (EAST) neutral beam injector. Those theoretical analyses could point the way to the measurement of beam divergence angle for EAST neutral beam injector.

     

Passive location of transition electromagnetic radiation of a beam electron emitter

In the study by Chudnovskii et al. (Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B., 2012, no. 2), it was shown that transition electromagnetic radiation appears between the linear-accelerator diaphragm and a target. In this case, produced bremsstrahlung leads to the generation of high-energy γ quanta on the accelerator target. The theoretical model of transition radiation that was developed in the aforementioned study and its experimental verification make it possible to closely approach the solution of the problem of detecting a beam-radiator source and determining its coordinates and engineering parameters. It is shown that for linear-accelerator pumping frequencies of 1, 3, and 10 GHz, the reliable location in space is possible for distances from the Earth’s surface of 6000, 2400, and 600 km, respectively. In this case, the minimum signal-to-noise ratio must exceed 2–3.     

Spectrum of coherent transition radiation generated by a modulated electron beam

The spectrum of coherent transition radiation has been recorded with the use of a Martin–Puplett interferometer. It has been shown that the spectrum includes monochromatic lines that are caused by the modulation of an electron beam with the frequency of an accelerating radio-frequency field ν_RF and correspond to resonances at ν _k = kν_RF k ≤ 10. To determine the length of an electron bunch from the measurement of the spectrum from a single bunch, it is necessary to use a spectrometer with the resolution Δν_sp > ν_RF.     

导光臂中用凹面反射压缩发散角时光束形变的数值模拟及实验研究

在医用激光技术领域中,对于高峰值功率激光以及中远红外波段激光,通常需要使用多关节导光臂将激光传输到患者治疗部位。光束无形变、发散角压缩是设计导光臂的基本要求。针对使用凹面反射镜对激光发散角进行压缩的方法,理论分析和数值模拟了它在压缩发散角过程中带来的圆形光斑退变为椭圆形光斑的现象以及补偿方案,并通过实验证实了补偿方案的可行性。