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采用Nelder-Mead单纯形算法实现了等离子体隐身时多个等离子体参数的优化反演,初步解决了隐身应用研究中等离子体参数的局部最优取值问题.反演结果表明,对于非磁化均匀冷等离子体,在选定的参数取值范围内,吸收程度由等离子体的电子密度、碰撞频率及等离子体层厚度共同决定.等离子体层厚度决定了最佳吸收波长,且当入射雷达波频率大于某一频率时,等离子体碰撞频率趋于一个稳定值.     

相对论效应对激光在等离子体中的共振吸收的影响

采用一维粒子模拟(PIC)方法，研究了相对论效应对P偏振激光斜入射非均匀等离子体时产生的共振吸收的影响. 计算表明，弱相对论情况下，在临界面附近产生的电子等离子体波的相对论非线性效应占主要作用；随着入射光场的逐渐增大，吸收率逐渐降低. 当入射光强超过3.7×10¹⁷W/cm²时，由于超短激光脉冲本身在等离子体中产生相对论效应、等离子体波破裂效应，以及参量不稳定过程激发等，吸收系数随着激光强度又开始增加. 固定等离子体密度标长，取不同的激光入射角、电子初始温度，相对论效应对吸收系数的影响是一致的. 关键词： 激光等离子体 相对论效应 共振吸收 粒子模拟     

磁化分层等离子体中电磁波传播特性研究

采用混合矩阵法,分析了磁化分层等离子鞘套对斜入射电磁波传播特性的影响,分别计算了不同入射角以及外加磁场下电磁波透射系数和极化特性的变化。以GPS导航信号右旋圆极化波(RCP)为例,研究了磁场、电子密度对电磁波右旋圆极化特性的影响。结果表明,外加磁场能够使右旋圆极化波在等离子体中的阻带向高频方向移动,此外,外加磁场能在一定程度上改善斜入射是圆极化波的极化特性,有利于GPS信号接收。     

磁化非均匀等离子体中模转换机制对电磁波吸收的数值研究

用数值方法研究磁化非均匀等离子体(磁场与密度梯度垂直)中模转换机制对p极化电磁波的吸收效应,重点考虑磁场对吸收率的影响,结果表明:与非磁化等离子体相比,磁场的加入使得吸收率曲线相对入射角的分布发生小的偏移,吸收率为零的位置不是发生在零度入射(即垂直入射)时.而是在一个负的入射角位置,垂直入射时有不为零的吸收率,且正角度范围与负角度范围的峰值吸收率不相等,磁场提高了正入射角范围内的峰值吸收率而降低了负角度范围内的峰值吸收率(或反过来,这取决于磁场方向).     

太赫兹波斜入射到磁化等离子体的数值研究

针对“黑障”问题,借助于电磁波斜入射到磁化等离子体的传输模型,研究了太赫兹(THz)波在磁化、均匀等离子体中的传输特性,分析了太赫兹波在磁化等离子体中传播的反射、透射以及衰减。仿真结果表明,等离子体碰撞频率、电子密度、入射角度以及磁场强度,对衰减产生不同的影响。单纯的增加碰撞频率,衰减值呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势;电子密度的增加,与衰减峰值的大小有关;外加磁场加入,衰减值降低。通过调节外加恒定磁场,可以有效地解决“黑障”问题。     

激光诱导等离子体光谱空间分布特性

激光波长和激光入射角是影响激光诱导等离子体空间分布和光谱强度空间分布特性的重要因素.基于流体动力学和SAHA方程,仿真了激光诱导等离子体的二维空间演化过程,研究了激发等离子体的辐射光谱空间分布特性及激光波长、入射角度等参数对等离子体特征谱线空间分布特性的影响.研究结果表明:波长为1064 nm的激光在不同延时条件下,最佳激光入射角度均为0°.当入射角度为0°时,所激发的等离子体辐射在不同的探测角度处均有较强的光谱信号,且在100,500,1000 ns延时条件下,最佳探测角分别为±41°、±11°和±12°.对于不同的波长,当延时分别为100 ns和500 ns且激光以0°入射时,长波长激光所激发的等离子体光谱在不同探测角处的强度均强于短波长激光.当延时为100 ns时,1064 nm波长激光所激发的光谱在最佳探测角位置的强度约为532 nm和266 nm波长激光所激发的光谱在各自最佳探测角位置强度的2倍.随着探测角绝对值的减小,等离子体辐射光谱强度先增大,到达最佳探测角后强度再减小.入射波长分别为532 nm和1064 nm的激光诱导击穿光谱实验结果验证了仿真结果.     

高功率微波作用下等离子体中的雪崩效应研究

研究高功率微波作用下等离子体中的雪崩效应,对于研究等离子体防护技术具有重要意义.通过采用等离子体流体近似方法,建立等离子体中的波动方程、电子漂移-扩散方程和重物质传递方程,表征电磁波在等离子体中的传播以及等离子体内部带电粒子的变化情况,分析研究了高功率微波作用下雪崩效应的产生过程和变化规律.研究表明,入射电磁波功率决定了雪崩效应的产生;初始电子密度能够影响雪崩效应产生的时间;入射电磁波的激励作用初始表现为集聚效应,当激励能量积累到一定阈值时,雪崩效应才会产生;在雪崩效应产生过程中,等离子体内部电子密度的变化非常迅速并且比较复杂.雪崩效应产生后,等离子体内截止频率会远超过入射波频率,电磁波不能在等离子体中传播,从而起到防护高功率微波的效果.     

相对论效应对大振幅电子等离子体振荡破裂影响的数值模拟

通过数值求解符拉索夫方程和泊松方程，研究了相对论效应和温度效应对等离子体振荡破裂的影响. 不考虑相对论效应情况下，初始扰动幅度较小时，不会发生等离子体振荡破裂，系统具有时间周期性. 此时电子温度的增加，会使得等离子体振荡最大幅度减小. 考虑相对论效应时，即使初始的等离子体电子密度扰动幅度不大，随着时间演化，相对论效应也能导致等离子体振荡破裂，而且初始电子密度扰动越小，产生等离子体振荡破裂所需时间越长. 在初始电子密度扰动较大时，无论考虑和不考虑相对论效应都会出现波破裂，但两者的结果有很大不同. 此外温度效应会降低能发生等离子体波破裂的阈值；等离子体波的相速度越大，能产生的波破裂现象也越明显. 关键词： 等离子体振荡 相对论效应 振荡破裂     

基于泵浦脉冲诱导等离子体通道的空心光束产生

利用飞秒脉冲诱导生成的具有渐变折射率分布的等离子体通道产生空心光束.当飞秒脉冲在非线性介质中传输时将电离产生等离子体通道,该等离子体通道具有渐变的折射率分布,等离子体通道中激光束只能在电子密度低于临界等离子体密度的区域传播,故当探测光束在等离子体通道边缘传输时将偏转形成空心光束.当泵浦光束功率为8mW时,探测光束转变为典型的空心光束结构;当泵浦光束的入射功率、重复率或等离子体通道中轴向电子密度改变时,等离子体通道中可供探测光束通过的区域将随之发生改变,这将导致空心光束中黑斑的面积发生变化.因此通过调节泵浦光束的入射功率和重复率可以控制产生空心光束的黑斑大小.     

P波入射下固固界面的二阶谐波场特性

应用二阶势理论研究了P波入射到固-固界面情况下的二阶谐波场。运用变动参数法求解二阶非齐次势函数方程的边值问题,数值计算了二阶谐波位移与入射角的关系,结果表明当入射角到达某个角度时,二阶谐波场的位移会急剧增大。同时,当入射角度为θ_w时,特解位移趋近无限大的有关现象依然出现,关于边界面的影响也做了讨论。      

Simulation of THz emission from laser interaction with plasmas

One-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) program is used to simulate the generation of high power terahertz (THz) emission from the interaction of an ultrashort intense laser pulse with underdense plasma. The spectra of THz radiation are discussed under different laser intensity, pulse width, incident angle and density scale length. High-amplitude electron plasma wave driven by a laser wakefield can produce powerful THz emission through linear mode conversion under certain conditions. With incident laser intensity of 10¹⁸ W/cm², the generated emission is computed to be of the order of several MV/cm field and tens of MW level power. The corresponding energy conversion efficiency is several ten thousandths, which is higher then the efficiency of other THz source and suitable for the studies of THz nonlinear physics.     

未被俘获电子对多光子非线性Compton散射能量转换效率的影响

 应用单粒子理论和电子与光子非弹性碰撞模型，研究了未被俘获电子对多光子非线性Compton散射能量转换效率的影响。结果表明，未被俘获电子使该散射的频谱展宽随入射电子速度和与电子同时作用的光子数的增大而增大，随电子与光子非弹性碰撞成分的增大而减小，从而使能量转换效率近乎与电子入射速度正比降低。用低能电子入射，能有效地减小这种损失。     

Attenuation characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic wave in weakly ionized dusty plasma based on modified Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook collision model

The attenuation characteristics of obliquely incident electromagnetic(EM) wave in L-Ka frequency band in weakly ionized dusty plasma are analyzed based on the modified Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK) collision model.According to the kinetic equation and the charging theory,the total complex dielectric constant of the weakly ionized dusty plasma is derived by considering that the minimum velocity of the electron accessible to the dust particle surface is non-zero and the second potential part of the collision cross-section contributes to the charging.The attenuation characteristics within the modified model are compared with those within the traditional model.The influence of the dusty plasma parameters and the incident angle of EM waves on the attenuation in weakly ionized dusty plasma is further analyzed.Finally,the influence of different reentry heights on the attenuation characteristics of the obliquely incident EM wave is discussed.The results show that the effect of the minimum electron velocity and the second term of the collision cross-section on the attenuation characteristics of EM waves cannot be ignored.When the dust density and dust radius are changed,the trends of the attenuation of obliquely incident EM waves are consistent,but the influence of dust density is weaker than that of dust radius due to the constraint of orbit-limited motion(OLM) theory.The plasma thickness,electron density,and incident angle are proportional to the attenuation amplitude of EM waves.The effect of different reentry heights on the attenuation obliquely incident EM waves is related to the electron density and plasma thickness.     

Second Harmonic Generation in 1D Nonlinear Plasma Photonic Crystals

In this paper, a 1D nonlinear plasma photonic crystal (NPPC) structure composed of polarized ferroelectric crystals and nonlinear plasma periodic alternation is proposed. The transfer matrix method is employed to analyze the second harmonic generation (SHG) problem of this structure. In the designed NPPCs, the fundamental wave (FW) operates in the gigahertz (GHz) band and the nonlinear plasma is controlled by an external high-intensity control wave (CW). Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of different incident angles and external CW intensities on the total conversion efficiency (T-con) of the second harmonic wave (SHW). Additionally, the internal electric field distribution and incident light intensity within the nonlinear structure are analyzed. The importance of the relationship between the FW frequency and photonic band gap (PBG) in enhancing SHG is summarized. The results demonstrate that the optimal structure can be obtained by changing the structural parameters, such that the FW and SHW are tuned to the edge of the PBG. At this point, the electromagnetic field density is large, the group velocity is small, the local field is enhanced, and the nonlinear optical interaction is increased, resulting in a significant increase in the T-con of the SHW.     

泵浦光的入射角对参量下转换的影响

利用参量下转换制备相关光子实现对各类探测器的量子效率的定标,是近年来兴起的新型定标技术。由于参量下转换的光子转换效率低,探测器输出信号信噪比小。采用短波激光器泵浦PPLN周期极化性晶体,可获得较大功率的参量光。分析了泵浦光在PPLN晶体端面的入射角对参量光的转换效率、空间分布、参量带宽及晶体周期的影响,并进行了数值模拟。分析发现当泵浦光正入射晶体端面时,参量光功率转换大,带宽小,发散角大;随着泵浦光入射角度逐渐增大,参量下转换的转换效率降低,相关光子的带宽变小,发散角变小且参量光的中心波长的空间位置会发生相对偏移。该研究结果可为相关光子探测、模拟探测器量子效率的高精度定标提供理论依据。     

进气道内衬筒形等离子体隐身性能三维模拟

针对飞机进气道等离子体隐身问题,建立了三维筒形进气道模型,采用有限元求解波动方程,计算了腔体内壁覆盖均匀等离子体时的雷达散射截面。研究表明:腔体内覆盖等离子体时可以有效吸收入射电磁波能量;吸收随电磁波频率增加而减弱,但由于腔体结构作用,会存在几个吸收峰;吸收随电子数密度增加而增强,但电子数密度过高时,吸收效果会变差;最佳碰撞频率虽然与电磁波频率和电子数密度有关,但其值可约为9GHz;吸收随等离子体厚度增加而变大,但在较大电子数密度时,由于电磁波在等离子体与空气交界面处反射导致厚度增加,从而使得吸收变小;选取合适的入射角度和等离子体数密度可以在1~3GHz频段实现明显的隐身效果。     

Second Harmonic Generation of Self‐Focused Cosh‐Gaussian Laser Beam in Thermal Quantum Plasma by Excitation of an Electron Plasma Wave

This paper presents a scheme for second harmonic generation (SHG) of an intense Cosh‐Gaussian (ChG) laser beam in thermal quantum plasmas. Moment theory approach in W.K.B approximation has been adopted in deriving the differential equation governing the propagation characteristics of the laser beam with distance of propagation. The effect of relativistic increase in electron mass on propagation dynamics of laser beam has been incorporated. Due to relativistic nonlinearity in the dielectric properties of the plasma, the laser beam gets self‐focused and produces density gradients in the transverse direction. The generated density gradients excite electron plasma wave (EPW) at pump frequency that interacts with the incident laser beam to produce its second harmonics. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effects of laser parameters on selffocusing of the laser beam and hence on the conversion efficiency of its second harmonics. Simulation results predict that within a specific range of decentered parameter the ChG laser beams show smaller divergence as they propagate and, thus, lead to enhanced conversion efficiency of second harmonics. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

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提出碰撞吸收型等离子体的等效折射指数,重新计算了折射角,并与利用常规方法得到的折射角进行了比较。分析了等离子体密度和碰撞频率对折射角的影响。考察了斜入射电磁波在吸收型等离子体中的折射特性,并以一维非均匀碰撞吸收型等离子体为例,对斜入射电磁波的反射特性进行了考察。结果表明,等效折射指数的概念涵盖了入射角度的影响,在考察斜入射时更准确、便捷。     

Parameters for efficient growth of second harmonic field in nonlinear photonic crystals

The ultrashort pulse propagation and nonlinear second harmonic generation under the undepleted pump approximation in a quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) structure is theoretically investigated and the optimized parameters for high second harmonic generation conversion efficiency are extracted. The transfer matrix method is used for the numerical formulation for oblique angle of incidence. A unique set of material combination GaInP/InAlP is selected as alternating nonlinear and linear layers. The NPC parameters like incident angle and layer thickness are manipulated to obtain the exact phase matching using double resonance condition for a fixed number of layers with known experimental material parameters.     

宽带三倍频混频过程的群速匹配关系

基于非线性耦合波理论分析了三倍频过程中群速度之间的关系，推导出三波混频条件下的群速匹配关系式.对超短脉冲在Ⅱ类KDP晶体中的混频过程进行了模拟分析，结果表明：当三波(基波ω，谐波2ω和3ω)的群速度满足该匹配关系式时，三倍频(3ω)的带宽和转换效率均可达最大值；而随着三波群速度对该关系式的偏离逐渐增大，带宽变窄、转换效率下降.导出的三波群速匹配关系式对寻找合适的色散晶体和选择有效的匹配措施、实现宽带三次谐波转换具有指导意义.