纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极检测痕量镉离子

制备了一种纳米氧化铁修饰玻碳电极,并研究了镉离子在该修饰电极上的溶出伏安行为。结果表明,纳米氧化铁颗粒能有效促进镉离子的溶出伏安响应。在pH 6.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,镉离子能有效吸附在纳米氧化铁表面并在-1.0 V时被还原。被还原的镉在正向扫描过程中可以重新氧化,并在-0.85 V处出现一明显的溶出伏安氧化峰。该峰电流随镉离子浓度的增大而增大,可用于对镉离子的检测。在最佳检测条件(pH 6.0,富集时间350 s,富集电位-1.0 V)下,镉离子的响应电流与其浓度在6.0×10-10～1.0×10-8mol/L以及1.0×10-8～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好线性,检出限(S/N=3)为1.0×10-10 mol/L。干扰实验结果表明,一些常见的阳离子以及阴离子对镉离子的检测无明显干扰。将该方法用于实际样品的检测,回收率良好。     

高纯硫酸镉中杂质的化学光谱分析

本文报导用离子交换-光谱法测定高纯硫酸镉中铜、铅、锌、蛇、锰、镁、钙和铝等八个杂质元素,操作简便,方法的相对标准偏差不大于±30％,灵敏度为3×10~(-5)-5×10~(-6)％。     

镉—8—羟基喹啉络合物吸附波的研究

8-羟基喹啉(HOx)是许多金属有效的络合剂,其与金属络合物的极谱行为已有报道.镉的络合物吸附波体系已有不少报道,但镉与8-羟基喹啉络合物的极谱波尚未见报道.我们在试验中发现,镉在5×l0~（-2）mol·L~(-1)HCl-9.4×10~(-2)mol·L~(-1)HOAc-9.0×10~(-2)mol·L~(-1)NaOAc-5.O×10~（-4）mol·L~(-1)HOx溶液中,于-0.69V(vs.SCE)处出现一灵敏的络合物吸附波,峰电流与镉浓度在2.7×10~(-8)～8.9×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系.检测下限为1.8×1O~(-8)mol·L~(-1).用极谱直线法求得Cd(Ⅱ)与HOx络合物的络合比为1:1.本法用于河水及污水中痕量镉的测定,效果理想,回收率在95%～104%之间.     

镉试剂正负峰加和法测定水中镉

研究了表面活性剂对Cd(Ⅱ)与1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(4-苯基偶氮苯基)-三氮烯(镉试剂)显色反应的影响。实验结果表明,在非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100存在下,配合物出现正负两个最大吸收峰分别为478 nm和566 nm。采用正负峰加和法,Cd(Ⅱ)在0~8μg/25 mL范围内服从比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.44×105L.mol-1.cm-1。该法可用于合成样品及池塘水样中痕量镉的测定。     

镉离子选择电极电位滴定测定钙镁

建立了以镉离子选择电极极作指示电极ＥＤＴＡ、ＥＧＴＡ电位滴定测定钙、镁的方法，详细考察了电位滴定的适宜条件，干扰离子的影响及消除办法。在四硼酸钠－氢氧化钠缓冲介质中，ＥＧＴＡ滴定钙，ＥＤＴＡ滴定钙镁含量，测定矿泉水及硅酸盐样品中钙镁含量，结果符合要求。     

胱氨酸与Cd（Ⅱ）的配合物极谱吸附波的研究

在0.07mol·L~(-1)六次甲基四胺(pH 7.5)介质中,胱氨酸与镉离子的配合物可在-0.69V(vs.SCE)产生灵敏的还原吸附波。其导数波高与胱氨酸浓度在2.5×10~(-7)～7.5×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)。用极谱法和循环伏安法研究了该波的性质,并建立了胱氨酸的测定方法,用于测定粮食和食品中的胱氨酸,取得满意的结果。     

N，N′-双（苯偶氮水杨叉）肼的合成与方波伏安法测定微量镉

合成了新试剂N,N′-双(苯偶氮水杨叉)肼(PASHZ),研究了试剂与镉的方波伏安法新体系的最佳条件。在氨水-NH4Cl缓冲溶液(pH 9.1)中,于-0.867V(vs.SCE)出现一灵敏的方波伏安峰。Cd(Ⅱ)浓度在1.0×10-6~1.0×10-4mol.L-1范围与峰电流(Ip)呈线性关系,线性方程为Ip=9.745×106c 2.270,相关系数为0.9994,检出限为0.5×10-6mol.L-1。该法应用于测定矿泉水中微量Cd(Ⅱ),测定结果与已知值相符,测定结果的平均RSD值及平均回收率依次为2.72%及98.6%。     

氯化钠-碘化钾-罗丹明B液-固浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了NaCl KI 罗丹明B液 固浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件。结果表明,控制pH7.0,当固体NaCl用量为1.0g,0.1mol/LKI溶液和1.0×10-3mol/L罗丹明B溶液的用量分别为1.0mL、1.5mL时,Cd2 可被定量浮选,而Zn2 、Ni2 、Mn2 、Co2 、Al3 等离子在此条件下不被浮选,实现了Cd2 与这些离子的定量分离,并对合成水样中微量镉(Ⅱ)进行了定量浮选分离测定。     

铜掺杂ZnSe量子点荧光探针测定镉(Ⅱ)

基于镉(Ⅱ)与ZnSe/Cu量子点之间的荧光猝灭作用,提出了用ZnSe/Cu量子点作为荧光探针测定镉的方法。通过微波辅助加热,在水溶液中合成了巯基丙酸修饰的ZnSe/Cu量子点。用荧光光谱、紫外光谱研究了ZnSe/Cu量子点与镉(Ⅱ)的相互作用。在pH为7.4的三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲溶液和1.5×10-4 mol·L-1 ZnSe/Cu量子点溶液中测定镉(Ⅱ)。镉(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0.025~0.40mg·L-1范围与ZnSe/Cu量子点荧光猝灭强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.021 6mg·L-1。方法应用于水样的测定,回收率为98.0%,102%。对0.15mg·L-1镉(Ⅱ)标准溶液测定11次,测定值的相对标准偏差为6.7%。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定彩涂板涂层中铅、镉和总铬

自行制备了12块校准样品,其涂层厚度和涂层中铅、镉和铬含量均按梯度分布。涂层的厚度采用GB/T 13448-2019标准所推荐的DJH法测定和定值。分析这系列样品时,测定涂层中铅、镉和总铬时用IEC 62321-5的微波法溶解后,按电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法定值。应用上述校正样品试验,并提出了直接测定彩涂板涂层中铅、镉和总铬含量的X射线荧光光谱法(XFS)彩涂板的基板为冷轧板,在其外表面有镀锌层。在这2种材料中都可能含有与有机涂层中待测定的含量近似的相同元素,将对测定造成干扰。此外,有机涂层中的基体元素钛及硅也对测定造成干扰。利用XRF仪器自带的薄层分析软件和基本参数法软件对上述干扰分别予以校正,使铅、镉、铬校准曲线的线性相关系数达到0.9。所提出方法测定铅、镉、铬的检出限(3s)依次为5×10^-4%,3×10^-4%,5×10^-4%。随机取3个校正样品,按所提出方法测定其中铅、镉与总铬的含量,并用IEC 62321-5标准方法进行校对分析。结果表明:两种方法的结果相互一致,所得测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为8.5%(铅),9.2%(镉)和11%(铬),均分别小于IEC标准方法测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为29%,14%,17%。本方法达到快速、准确的要求,适合用于RoHS规定对彩涂层的检量检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.