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《有机化学》2016,(7)
金属有机框架物(MOFs)是近十多年发展起来的一类新型有机-无机杂化材料,由有机配体和无机金属单元构建而成,一般具有多变的拓扑结构以及独特的物理化学性质.MOFs具有特殊的孔洞框架结构,材料种类繁多,比表面积大,其孔穴的大小、形状及构成等可以通过选择不同配体和金属离子,或者改变合成策略加以调节.构成MOFs的配体可以是有机酸,也可以是有机碱,还可以是其他特殊的结构,除此之外在配体上也可以连接特殊官能团,制备具有特殊功能的MOFs材料.由于MOFs具有特殊而又多种多样的结构,因此在功能材料、气体吸附、药物缓释、催化及有机合成等方面有广泛的应用.本文以形成MOFs的金属为分类就近十年来各种MOFs的制备及其在催化有机反应中的应用进行了综述,并对其未来研究加以展望. 相似文献
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有机和金属有机非线性光学晶体材料 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
非线性光学材料是激光技术的重要物质基础之一,是高技术研究的一个组成部分。二十多年来,非线性光学材料的研究经历了无机晶体、有机材料的阶段,现在又开始了金属有机非线性光学材料的探索。本文拟综述有机和金属有机二阶非线性光学晶体材料的研究进展,而不讨论高分子材料以及三阶非线性光学效应。鉴于刊物读者的特 相似文献
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有机光伏研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以有机半导体材料为活性层的有机太阳能电池, 可通过印刷制备大面积柔性器件, 具有成本低、多彩、半透明等特点, 是一种极具发展前景的光伏技术. 研究者们多年来致力于设计高性能光伏材料, 优化器件界面, 改善活性层微观形貌, 开发新型器件结构, 探究器件工作机理等, 目前实验室制备的小面积有机太阳能电池的能量转换效率已经超过18%. 另外, 面向有机光伏产业化, 在制备大面积柔性器件、降低器件成本、提高器件寿命以及探究光伏建筑一体化和室内光伏等潜在应用方面的研究也取得了重要进展, 在国际上处于领跑地位. 中国科学家在有机光伏领域做出了诸多开创性和引领性的工作. 本文首先对有机太阳能电池的背景进行简单介绍, 接着按照分子工程、器件工程、器件物理和应用探索四个方面综述有机光伏领域的重要研究进展, 最后对有机光伏所面临的机遇与挑战进行展望. 相似文献
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有机自由基电池(ORB)是利用稳定的有机自由基聚合物作为电极活性材料的一类新型可充电电池,具有快速充电速度和良好的循环稳定性。此外,有机自由基聚合物还可制成薄膜电池。ORB不含有毒的重金属,其充放电依赖于有机自由基如氮氧自由基的氧化和还原反应,不同于锂离子电池依靠锂离子的脱嵌和嵌入。ORB为环境友好型电池,可作为笔记本电脑、智能卡、传感器和无线电频率识别标签等设备的潜在电源。本文综述了ORB的构成、特征、充放电机理以及研究进展,分析了高性能有机自由基电池的开发动态,包括通过自由基聚合物的多阶充放电特点成倍增加电池的放电容量,通过电极材料的纳米掺杂提高电池的循环稳定性,并指出了高放电容量有机自由基聚合物的设计原理、ORB的发展趋势和潜在应用领域。 相似文献
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We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992. 相似文献
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David W. Murhammer 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1991,31(3):283-292
The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed. 相似文献
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多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生,丁孟贤,徐纪平(浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所,杭州,310027)(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所)关键词聚醚酰亚胺,聚酯酰亚胺,膜,透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差,在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后,其... 相似文献
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Karadakov PB 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2008,112(31):7303-7309
The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei. 相似文献
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微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述,包括:微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。 相似文献