首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
Summary Apioshowdomycin (3-(D-apio--D-furanosyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione,2) has been prepared as an analogue of the C-nucleoside showdomycin (1) in seven steps, starting from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-apio-D-furanose (8). The key step is the addition of a radical generated from apiosyl bromide5b to (E)-methyl 3-cyanoacrylate (4).
Eine zweite Synthese vonD-Apio--D-furanosylmaleimid als Strukturanaloges von Showdomycin
Zusammenfassung Apioshowdomycin (3-(D-apio--D-furanosyl)-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dion,2) wurde als Analoges des C-Nucleosids Showdomycin (1), ausgehend von 2,3-O-Isopropyliden-D-apio-D-furanose (8), in sieben Stufen hergestellt. Der Schlüsselschritt ist die Addition eines aus dem Apiosylbromid5b generierten Radikals an (E)-Methyl-3-cyanoacrylat (4).
  相似文献   

2.
Ab initio molecular orbital theory with the LANL2DZ, 3-21G, 6-31G(d), 6-31+G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p),6-31G(2d), 6-31G(3d), and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets and density functional theory (B3P86, B3LYP, B3PW91) have been used to calculate the structures, relative energies, enthalpies, entropies, and free energies of the chair, 1,4-twist, and 2,5-twist conformers of tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran (tetrahydrothiopyran, thiacyclohexane, thiane, pentamethylene sulfide). All levels of theory calculated similar energy values and the effect of basis sets on the calculated energies was small. The chair conformer of tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran was 5.27 kcal/mol more stable than the 1,4-twist conformer, which was slightly more stable (0.81 kcal/mol) than the 2,5-twist conformer. The chair–1,4-twist and chair–2,5-twist free energy differences ( G°c – t) were 5.44 and 5.71 kcal/mol, respectively. Intrinsic reaction coordinate [IRC, minimum-energy path (MEP)] calculations connected the transition state between the chair and the 2,5-twist conformers. This transition state is 9.73 kcal/mol higher in energy than the chair conformer and the energy differences between the chair and the 1,4-boat and 2,5-boat transition states were 8.07 and 6.38 kcal/mol, respectively. Stereoelectronic hyperconjugative interactions were observed in the chair, 1,4-twist, and 2,5-twist conformers of tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran. The stereoelectronic hyperconjugative effects in the chair conformer of tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran have been compared to those in the respective chair conformers of tetrahydro-2H-pyran, tetrahydro-2H-selenane, and tetrahydro-2H-tellurane.  相似文献   

3.
The conformations of the cis and trans isomers of N-substituted 2,5-dimethyl-4-piperidinones were studied by means of the1H and13C NMR parameters. It was established that in the case of bulky and electron-acceptor substituents attached to the N atom the cis isomers are virtually completely represented by the chair (2a,5e) conformation, while the trans isomers are characterized by the chair (2e,5e) twistboat (2a,5e) chair (2a,5a) conformational equilibrium. It is demonstrated that 1-tert-butyltrans-2,5-dimethyl-4-piperidinone hydrochloride has the twist (2a,5e) conformation.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1760–1768, August, 1990.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Apioshowdomycin (3-(D-apio--D-furanosyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione,2) has been prepared as an analogue of the C-nucleoside showdomycin (1) in eight steps and with 5% overall yield, starting from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-apio--D-furanose (3).
Synthese vonD-Apio--D-furanosyl-maleinsäureimid, einem Showdomycinanalogen mit verschobener Hydroxymethylgruppe
Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von 2,3-O-Isopropyliden-D-apio--D-furanose (3) wurde in acht Stufen und 5% Gesamtausbeute Apioshowdomycin (3-(D-Apio--D-furanosyl)-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dion,2), ein Analoges des C-Nucleosids Showdomycin (1), hergestellt.
  相似文献   

5.
Ab initio molecular orbital theory with the 6-31G(d), 6-31G(2d), 6-31+G(d), 6-31G(d,p), 6-31+G(d,p), and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets and the hybrid density functionals B3LYP, B3P86, and B3PW91 have been used to calculate the optimized geometries and relative energies of the chair, half-chair, sofa, twist, and boat structures of 2-thiaoxacyclohexane (1,2-oxathiane). The values of the energy difference (E, kcal/mol) between the chair and 3,6-twist structures of 1,2-oxathiane were 4.92 (HF), 4.73 (MP2), and 4.66 (DFT). The HF chair–twist energy difference (G c–t o) for 1,2-oxathane was 5.16 kcal/mol. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations connected a transition state (TS-A) between the chair conformation and the less stable 2,5-twist form and connected two transition states (TS-B, TS-C) between the chair conformation and the more stable 3,6-twist conformer. The DFT energy differences between the chair and TS-A, TS-B, and TS-C were 11.4, 10.8, and 12.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Hyperconjugative stereoelectronic interactions were observed in the chair (n o and ) and 3,6-twist (n S and n O ) conformers of 1,2-oxathiane. The chair conformation of 1,2-oxthiane is 9.6 and 10.0 kcal/mol, respectively, less stable than the chair conformations of 3-thiaoxacyclohexane (1,3-oxathiane) and 4-thiaoxacyclohexane (1,4-oxathiane, thioxane).  相似文献   

6.
The calculation of the energy equilibrium according to Pitzer between the chair and boat conformations in 2,5-substituted 1,3-dioxanes is presented, as well as the energies of the electrostatic dipole interactions. It is shown that the unsymmetrical boat conformation is stabilized in 2,5-dialkyl- and in 2,2-dimethyl-5-alkyl-5--alkoxyalkyl-1,3-dioxanes because of the presence of hetero atoms in the ring, because of the introduction of substituents in the 2 and 5 positions, and because of the interaction between the hybridized, unshared electron pairs of the oxygen atom at the apex of the boat with the hydrogen atom of the CH2 group.  相似文献   

7.
Reaction of methyl -D-galactopyranoside (1) with two equivalents oft-butyldimethylchlorosilane yields methyl 2,6-bis-O-(tBDMSi)--D-galactopyranoside (1 b), methyl 3,6-bis-O-(tBDMSi)--D-galactopyranoside (1 c) and methyl 4,6-bis-O-(tBDMSi)--D-galactopyranoside (1 d). Likewise methyl -D-mannopyranoside (6) affords methyl 2,6-bis-O-(tBDMSi)--D-mannopyranoside (6 d) and methyl 3,6-bis-O-(tBDMSi)--D-mannopyranoside (6 b), which can be isomerised withTPP/DEAD to methyl 4,6-bis-O-(tBDMSi)--D-mannopyranoside (6 f). Methyl 6-O-(tBDMSi)--D-galactopyranoside (1 a) and methyl 6-O-(tBDMSi)--D-mannopyranoside (6 a) can be prepared from1 or6 with one equivalent oft-butyldimethylchlorosilane.Without an external nucleophile the sugar derivatives1 a and1 b react withTPP/DEAD to form the 3,4-carbonato--D-galactopyranosides1 h and1 i and the 3,4-carbonato-2-O-ethoxycarbonyl--D-galactoside (1 j). In contrast to the formation of the compound1 i by means ofTPP/DEAD the reaction of1 a withTPP and Di-t-butyl-azodicarboxylate (DTBAD) yields the 2,3-anhydro--D-taloside (4 b) and only a small amount of1 i. The epoxide4 b can be cleaved withp-nitrobenzoylchloride/pyridine to the 3-chloro-3-deoxy-2,6-di-O-p-nitrobenzoyl--D-idoside (5). Reaction of1 c and1 d withTPP/DEAD yields the 2,3-anhydro--D-gulopyranoside (2), which can be transformed with NaN3/NH4Cl to the 2-azido-2-deoxy--D-idopyranoside (3).Likewise6 a and6 d can be converted to the 3,4-anhydro--D-talosides (7 a and7 b). Reaction of7 b or6 d withTPP/DEAD/NH3 leads to 3,4-anhydro-2-azido-2-deoxy--D-galactopyranoside (8) and 3-azido-3-deoxy--D-altropyranoside (10), resp.The epoxide7 b is opened with NaN3/NH4Cl to the 4-azido-4-deoxymannosides (11 a and11 c) and the 3-azido-3-deoxy--D-idopyranoside (12), while the epoxide8 affords the 2,4-di-azido-2,4-dideoxy--D-glucopyranoside (9).Structures were elucidated by1H-NMR-analysis of the corresponding acetates.
H. H. Brandstetter undE. Zbiral, Helv., im Druck.  相似文献   

8.
Starting from the finding that methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-sulfonato-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) existed in a conformational equilibrium of the two chair conformers, the effect of sulfation on conformational equilibria was further investigated using a number of sulfated saccharides. Three sulfate groups on positions 3,4, and 6 or two on positions 2 and 3 were not sufficient to induce the conformational change as shown with methyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-sulfonato-β-D-glucopyranoside. N-Sulfation of the amino group of the latter compound furnished an equilibrium of chair conformers with less 1 C 4 conformer content than for 3. The presence of persulfated methyl β-D-galactopyranoside in the usual 4 C 1 conformation suggested the involvement of the 4-O-sulfate in the effect. Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-sulfonato-β-D-xylopyranoside was found to prefer the “all-axial” 1 C 4 conformation demonstrating that O-sulfates facilitate 1,3-O/O-diaxial interactions better than ester groups and in particular benzoates. Also, sulfated 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol occurred as a conformational mixture, the influence of the anomeric effect may thus have been overestimated in the previous discussion of this conformational effect.  相似文献   

9.
1,2 5-Trimethyl-4-(methyldiphenylsilyl)- and 4-(dimethylphenyl)silyl-4-piperidols were obtained. The isomers of these piperidols of the series, which exist in the chair conformation, have all of their substituents, except the hydroxyl group, equatorially oriented. The isomers of the series exist in solution in the form of an equilibrium mixture of chair and boat conformations, and all of the substituents, except the silyl grouping, are equatorially oriented in the chair conformation.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 502–505, April, 1976.  相似文献   

10.
Summary. Ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31G* level of theory for geometry optimization and MP2/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* for a single point total energy calculation are reported for the important energy-minimum conformations and transition-state geometries of (Z,Z)-, (E,Z)-, and (E,E)-cyclonona-1,5-dienes. The C2 symmetric chair conformation of (Z,Z)-cyclonona-1,5-diene is calculated to be the most stable form; the calculated energy barrier for ring inversion of the chair conformation via the Cs symmetric boat-chair geometry is 58.3kJmol–1. Interconversion between chair and twist-boat-chair (C1) conformations takes place via the twist (C1) as intermediate. The unsymmetrical twist conformation of (E,Z)-cyclonona-1,5-diene is the most stable form. Ring inversion of this conformation takes place via the unsymmetrical chair and boat-chair geometries. The calculated strain energy for this process is 63.5kJmol–1. The interconversion between twist and the boat-chair conformations can take place by swiveling of the trans double bond with respect to the cis double bond and requires 115.6kJmol–1. The most stable conformation of (E,E)-cyclonona-1,5-diene is the C2 symmetric twist-boat conformation of the crossed family, which is 5.3kJmol–1 more stable than the Cs symmetric chair–chair geometry of the parallel family. Interconversion of the crossed and parallel families can take place by swiveling of one of the double bonds and requires 142.0kJmol–1.  相似文献   

11.
Ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31G* level of theory for geometry optimization and MP2/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* for a single point total energy calculation are reported for the important energy-minimum conformations and transition-state geometries of (Z,Z)-, (E,Z)-, and (E,E)-cyclonona-1,5-dienes. The C2 symmetric chair conformation of (Z,Z)-cyclonona-1,5-diene is calculated to be the most stable form; the calculated energy barrier for ring inversion of the chair conformation via the Cs symmetric boat-chair geometry is 58.3kJmol–1. Interconversion between chair and twist-boat-chair (C1) conformations takes place via the twist (C1) as intermediate. The unsymmetrical twist conformation of (E,Z)-cyclonona-1,5-diene is the most stable form. Ring inversion of this conformation takes place via the unsymmetrical chair and boat-chair geometries. The calculated strain energy for this process is 63.5kJmol–1. The interconversion between twist and the boat-chair conformations can take place by swiveling of the trans double bond with respect to the cis double bond and requires 115.6kJmol–1. The most stable conformation of (E,E)-cyclonona-1,5-diene is the C2 symmetric twist-boat conformation of the crossed family, which is 5.3kJmol–1 more stable than the Cs symmetric chair–chair geometry of the parallel family. Interconversion of the crossed and parallel families can take place by swiveling of one of the double bonds and requires 142.0kJmol–1.  相似文献   

12.
The structures of methyl 3β‐acetoxy‐12‐oxo‐18β‐olean‐28‐oate [C33H52O5, (I)] and methyl 3β‐acetoxy‐12,19‐dioxoolean‐9(11),13(18)‐dien‐28‐oate [C33H46O6, (II)] are described. In (I), all rings are in the chair conformation, rings D and E are cis and the other rings trans‐fused. In compound (II), only rings A and E are in the chair conformation, ring B has a distorted chair conformation, ring C a distorted half‐boat and ring D an insignificantly distorted half‐chair conformation.  相似文献   

13.
The ligand exchange reactions of [(C2H4)2Rh(acac)] in benzene and [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 in CH2Cl2 with 4-methyl-4-trichloromethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one occur with 100%exo-stereoselectivity. The similar process with 4-methyl-4-trichloromethyl-1-(4,4-dimethyl-4,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadiene (trienedione) is strictlyexo-stereospecific only if [(C2H4)2Rh(acac)] in benzene is used, while in the case of [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 in CH2Cl2, it proceeds with anendo-stereoselectivity of 43%. An explanation for these facts has been suggested that assumes that the metal atom initially attacks the central double bond in the trienedione, which is removed from the area of main steric hindrance. The subsequent metallotropic rearrangement of the resulting ethylene-triene intermediate gives rise to the final 4-coordinated -diene structures.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2320–2323, September, 1996.  相似文献   

14.
Salter  E. A.  Wierzbicki  A.  Sperl  G.  Thompson  W. J. 《Structural chemistry》2003,14(5):527-533
Self-consistent Reaction Field (SCRF) computational methods have been applied to guanosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) to determine the geometries and energetics of the syn and anti conformations of this cyclic nucleotide in aqueous solution. The syn conformation of cGMP has been predicted to be more stable in the gas phase due to an internal hydrogen bond. The syn conformation is observed in the crystal structure of the sodium tetrahydrate salt, although a bridging water molecule is present in lieu of the internal hydrogen bond. In the gas phase, we find from Hartree–Fock/6-31+G(d) optimizations that the syn conformation is more stable than the anti by about 4 kcal/mol. However, we report here that the anti conformation is more stable in aqueous solution, according to estimates based upon results from both the Onsager model and the Isodensity Polarized Continuum Method (IPCM). Our best estimate from single-point IPCM B3LYP/6-31+G(d) calculations has the anti conformation 19 kcal/mol lower in energy. For comparison purposes, we also present SCRF results for syn and anti adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). For cAMP, we estimate the anti conformation to be more stable than the syn by about 6 kcal/mol. We suggest that the relative stability of the anti conformation of cGMP be considered in studies, such as, enzyme docking.  相似文献   

15.
The crystal and molecular structure of a novel heterocyclic system, 8-methyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydrothieno[3,2:6,7]thiepino[4,5-c]isoxazole, has been determined by X-ray analysis. The seven-membered ring has the boat conformation (B), while the isoxazoline cycle has the flat chair conformation (3E). There are strong steric strains between the vicinal protons at the C(3a), C(3), and C(4) atoms.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1795–1797, October, 1994.  相似文献   

16.
The vibrational spectra of C6D5PX 2, (C6D5)2PX (X=H, Cl), (C6D5)3P and of the Cyclophosphanes (PC6H5) n and (PC6D5) n (n=5, 6) are reported. The spectra of the phenylphosphorouscompound D (the structure beeing unknown) are given too. The C6H5/C6D5 isotopic shift data in the lower frequency-region (600–100 cm–1) (facilitating the recognition of vibrational coupling effects) are used for vibrational assignments.
  相似文献   

17.
3-Oxo-1,3-oxathiane (1) and its monomethyl derivatives were prepared by oxidation of the corresponding 1,3-oxathianes. The structural analysis was carried out by1H and13C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. At 298 K compound1 was a 1 1 (at 173 K a 3 1) mixture of the SO(ax) and SO(eq) chair forms. The major oxidation products of methyl 1,3-oxathianes attained exclusively the SO(ax), Me(eq) chair forms except that of the 5-methyl derivative, which consisted of 7% of the SO(eq), Me(ax) chair conformation in CDCl3 solution. The minor products of oxidation existed in anancomeric SO(eq), Me(eq) chair conformations. The oxidation of 2-methyl- 1,3-oxathiane, however, led to 3,3-dioxo derivative (6) in addition to thetrans [SO(eq)] monoxide. The crystal structures of6 andtrans-3-oxo-5-methyl-1,3-oxathiane were solved by X-ray diffractometry.  相似文献   

18.
Monoclinic prisms were obtained by slow evaporation of a pyridine solution ofp-tert-butylcalix[8]arene: space groupP21/c,a=20.312(3),b=23.020(2),c=20.006(6) ; =113.05(2)0;V=8707.6 Å3;Z=4. Refinement led to anR value of 0.166 for 4231 reflections which, although high, is sufficient to establish the conformation of the molecule as a pleated loop in which the eight hydroxyl groups are arranged in a slightly undulating, almost planar, intramolecularly hydrogen bonded cyclic array. The possible inferences for the conformation ofp-tert-butylcalix[8]arene in solution are discussed. Supplementary Data relating to this article are deposited with the British Library as Supplementary Publication No. SUP 82019.  相似文献   

19.
The geometry of Re2Cl82− has been optimized for the eclipsed (D 4h ) equilibrium conformation and for the staggered (D 4d ) conformation at BP86/TZ2P. The nature of the Re–Re bond which has a formal bond order four has been studied with an energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The EDA investigation indicates that the contribution of the b 2 (δ xy ) orbitals to the Re–Re bond in the ground state is negligibly small. The vertical excitation of one and two electrons from the bonding δ orbital into the antibonding δ* orbitals yielding the singly and doubly excited states and gives a destabilization of 17.5 and 36.1 kcal/mol, respectively, which is nearly the same as the total excitation energies. The preference for the D 4h geometry with eclipsing Re–Cl bonds is explained in terms of hyperconjugation rather than δ bonding. This is supported by the calculation of the triply bonded Re2Cl8 which also has an eclipsed energy minimum structure. The calculations also suggest that the Re–Re triple bond in Re2Cl8 is stronger than the Re–Re quadruple bond in Re2Cl82−. A negligible contribution of the δ orbital to the metal–metal bond strength is also calculated for Os2Cl8 which is isoelectronic with Re2Cl82−. Contribution of the Mark S. Gordon 65th Birthday Festschrift Issue. Theoretical Studies of Inorganic Compounds. 38. Part 37 (2006) Bessac F, Frenking G, Inorg Chem 45:6956.  相似文献   

20.
Second‐order Møller‐Plesset theory (MP2) has been used to calculate the equilibrium geometries and relative energies of the chair, 1,4‐twist, 2,5‐twist, 1,4‐boat, and 2,5‐boat conformations of thiacyclohexane 1‐oxide (tetrahydro‐2H‐thiopyran 1‐oxide), 4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide, cis‐ and trans‐4‐fluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide, and 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide. At the MP2/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory, the chair conformer of axial thiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is 0.99, 5.61, 5.91, 8.57, and 7.43 kcal/mol more stable (ΔE) than its respective equatorial chair, 1,4‐twist, and 2,5‐twist conformers and 1,4‐boat and 2,5‐boat transition states. The chair conformer of equatorial thiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is 4.62, 6.31, 7.56, and 7.26 kcal/mol more stable (ΔE) than its respective 1,4‐twist and 2,5‐twist conformers and 1,4‐boat and 2,5‐boat transition states. The chair conformer of axial 4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is 1.79, 4.26, 3.85, and 5.71 kcal/mol more stable (ΔE) than its respective equatorial chair, 1,4‐twist, and 2,5‐twist conformers and 2,5‐boat transition state. The 2,5‐twist conformer of axial 4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is stabilized by a transannular interaction between the sulfinyl oxygen and silicon, to give trigonal bipyramidal geometry at silicon. The chair conformer of equatorial 4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is 2.47, 7.90, and 8.09 kcal/mol more stable (ΔE) than its respective 1,4‐twist, and 2,5‐twist conformers and 2,5‐boat transition state. The chair conformer of axial cis‐4‐fluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is 4.18 and 5.70 kcal/mol more stable than its 1,4‐twist conformer and 2,5‐boat transition state and 1.51 kcal/mol more stable than the chair conformer of equatorial cis‐4‐fluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide. The chair conformer of axial trans‐4‐fluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is 5.02 and 6.11 kcal/mol more stable than its respective 1,4‐twist conformer and 2,5‐boat transition state, but is less stable than its 2,5‐twist conformer (ΔE = ?1.77 kcal/mol) and 1,4‐boat transition state (ΔE = ?1.65 kcal/mol). The 2,5‐twist conformer and 1,4‐boat conformer of axial trans‐4‐fluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide are stabilized by intramolecular coordination of the sulfinyl oxygen with silicon that results in trigonal bipyramidal geometry at silicon. The chair conformer of axial 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is 3.02, 5.16, 0.90, and 6.21 kcal/mol more stable (ΔE) than its respective equatorial chair, 1,4‐twist, and 1,4‐boat conformers and 2,5‐boat transition state. The 1,4‐boat conformer of axial 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐silathiacyclohexane 1‐oxide is stabilized by a transannular coordination of the sulfinyl oxygen with silicon that results in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry at silicon. The relative energies of the conformers and transition states are discussed in terms of hyperconjugation, orbital interactions, nonbonded interactions, and intramolecular sulfinyl oxygen–silicon coordination. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号