Theoretical study of combined heat and mass transfer process during paper drying

Theoretical and experimental study of the paper drying process are presented. A mathematical model developed for combined heat ad mass transfer analysis of paper drying is given for both impinging air jets and through air drying methods. In this model, it is simply assumed that during the drying period of the paper has porous media and on the drying surface the vapour pressure of the evaporating liquid remains at a quasi-saturated value corresponding to the temperature of the liquid. The calculated transient paper temperatures in both methods agree well with the experimental results.     

Three-dimensional simulation of a dust lifting process with varying parameters

This article presents modelling considerations and simulation results for a dust lifting process in a three-dimensional domain. The Eulerian–Lagrangian modelling technique is used. Multiple simulations with different values for the number of particles were performed. The results of the simulations are shown as snapshots of particle position at certain points in time after the passage of a shock wave. Statistical data for the particle positions and collisions are presented. These are: the average height of the particles, the mean square displacement of the particles and the cumulative number of recorded collisions plotted as functions of time. The particle averaged kinetic energy and the mechanical energy lost by particles during collisions are recorded as functions of time in order to study the motion of particles. The results show that simulations of an increasing number of particles render a less intense lifting effect and, more importantly, that the inter-particle and particle–wall collisions represent essential phenomena and need to be included in this type of model. Also, a comparison between two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations was performed. It was found that, although 2D simulations are still useful, they overestimate the lifting process and therefore a 3D model is preferable. The influence of the magnitude of the restitution and friction coefficients on the process was also studied.     

单次脉冲爆轰发动机工作过程的数值模拟

通过求解14组分和19个基元反应的CH4-O2-N2详细化学反应动力学机理的二维轴对称Navier-Stokes方程,对爆轰管内半球形高温火团引发的爆轰过程和爆轰波进入外流场后的全流场分布进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示了爆轰波在管内的成长、稳定传播、进入尾喷管后衰减为激波和进入外流场的全过程,以及爆轰管出口端附近区域的复杂涡与激波的相互作用。对轴线上的压力分布和封闭端的压力等进行了讨论,为脉冲爆轰发动机的开发研制提供参考信息。     

锻压过程宏-细观跨尺度仿真研究

采用基于Voronoi图的微结构模型,针对Cr5锻件锻压过程中晶体之间滑移趋势进行了有限元仿真研究。并根据晶粒接触滑移角度的不同,对锻压过程中不同应力区域晶粒应力、滑移剪切力的不均匀分布进行了统计和分析。将宏观有限元分析的特定区域的分析结果耦合成相应尺寸的细观模型的边界条件,从而实现了针对应力集中区域的宏-细观跨尺度的仿真。所得结果表明,材料内部滑移趋势受接触滑移角度影响很大,位于宏观滑移区的材料,在细观模型中的滑移趋势同样明显。     

断裂过程的有限元模拟

讨论了材料断裂过程的有限元模拟技术。基于自适应有限元的一般原理，并针对多相材料的裂纹扩展的特点，提出了一种简化的高精度和高效率有限元网格的动态重新划分策略。裂纹被假设沿着单元之间的路径连续扩展，利用节点力释放技术生成新的裂纹自由表面，发展了一种可随裂尖连续移动的网格动态加密和释放方法。这种方法已在各种裂纹问题中得以实现与应用。     

依兰陨石坑形成过程数值模拟研究

基于iSALE-2D仿真代码对依兰陨石坑的形成过程进行了研究,采用欧拉算法开展数值模拟,探讨了依兰陨石坑的撞击条件,统计分析了成坑过程中熔化层的形成与分布规律,结合点源成坑相似律模型,拟合得到强度机制下的成坑半径关系式。研究结果表明一颗直径120 m、撞击速度12 km/s的花岗岩质小行星垂直撞击地表形成一个与依兰陨石坑形态相似的陨石坑,再现了成坑形成的3个阶段：接触与压缩阶段、开坑阶段、后期调整阶段。大部分熔体在坑底呈分层堆叠分布,少量熔体随抛射物沉积在靶体表面,呈离散状分布,完全熔化材料质量约为撞击体质量的24倍。直径120 m、撞击速度12 km/s工况模拟结果与拟合的成坑半径关系式结果相对误差10.3%。     

入水后爆炸问题的数值模拟技术

应用各种数值计算方法及计算处理技术,编制程序实现了对弹体入水后爆炸问题全过程的数值模拟.其中弹体与水,爆轰产物气体与弹壳之间的相互作用通过流固耦合技术来描述;水面与空气、爆轰产物与水、空气之间的相互作用采用VOF方法(Volume-of-Fluid)来描述;采用了刚体-柔体转换、单元失效删除等计算技术以更高效、更好地模...     

Large eddy simulation of fuel injection and mixing process in a diesel engine

The large eddy simulation(LES) approach implemented in the KIVA-3V code and based on one-equation sub-grid turbulent kinetic energy model are employed for numerical computation of diesel sprays in a constant volume vessel and in a Caterpillar 3400 series diesel engine.Computational results are compared with those obtained by an RANS(RNG k-ε) model as well as with experimental data.The sensitivity of the LES results to mesh resolution is also discussed.The results show that LES generally provides flow and spray characteristics in better agreement with experimental data than RANS;and that small-scale random vortical structures of the in-cylinder turbulent spray field can be captured by LES.Furthermore,the penetrations of fuel droplets and vapors calculated by LES are larger than the RANS result,and the sub-grid turbulent kinetic energy and sub-grid turbulent viscosity provided by the LES model are evidently less than those calculated by the RANS model.Finally,it is found that the initial swirl significantly affects the spray penetration and the distribution of fuel vapor within the combustion chamber.     

纤维复合材料损伤过程的数值模拟

利用界面断裂力学和有限元法数值模拟纤维增强复合材料的细观损伤过程，研究各种主要破坏模式之间的相互转变和影响，指出以断裂能和混合度表示的界面性能是控制复合材料损伤过程的主要细观参数。分析了界面韧度对破坏性能的影响，探讨了基于破坏模式控制的复合材料韧度设计的新途径。     

Validation of a numerical model for the simulation of an electrostatic powder coating process

Numerical modeling of a complete powder coating process is carried out to understand the gas-particle two-phase flow field inside a powder coating booth and results of the numerical simulations are compared with experimental data to validate the numerical results. The flow inside the coating booth is modeled as a three-dimensional turbulent continuous gas flow with solid powder particles as a discrete phase. The continuous gas flow is predicted by solving Navier–Stokes equations using a standard k–ε turbulence model with non-equilibrium wall functions. The discrete phase is modeled based on a Lagrangian approach. In the calculation of particle propagation, a particle size distribution obtained through experiments is applied. The electrostatic field, including the effect of space charge due to free ions, is calculated with the use of the user defined scalar transport equations and user defined scalar functions in the software package, FLUENT, for the electrostatic potential and charge density.     

Analysis of energy consumption in microwave and convective drying process of multi-layered porous material inside a rectangular wave guide

This work applies the first law of thermodynamics to estimate the ratio of energy utilization in microwave drying process using a rectangular waveguide. Two porous packed bed systems are considered such as attaching fine bed on coarse bed (F-C) and attaching coarse bed on fine bed (C-F). The effects of layered configuration and layered thickness on drying rate, power absorbed efficiency, specific energy consumption (SEC), and energy efficiency are studied in detail. The results show that the variations of all parameters have strongly affected on microwave penetration depth and power absorbed within the packed bed. Furthermore, F-C bed with equal layer thickness corresponds to great energy efficiency.     

混凝土破裂过程的三维数值模型

利用混合同余法产生了随机变量,将混凝土中的骨料简化为球体,采用循环比较法将随机变量赋给球心坐标(X,Y,Z),实现了混凝土骨料的空间随机分布,最终建立了三维混凝土数值模型。对模型整体进行单元剖分,将骨料、砂浆、界面层分别投影到该有限元网格中,采用多次网格划分技术完成模型网格划分。通过对算例进行有限元计算,结果表明该模型基本上反映了混凝土骨料分布的实际情况,较好地模拟了混凝土的不均匀性与各向异性,验证了建立该模型的方法是可行的。     

A rigorous analysis of simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the pasta drying process

This study presents a two dimensional analysis of coupled heat and mass transfer during the process of pasta drying. Velocity and temperature distributions of air flowing around the pasta are predicted in steady state condition. Using these profiles and the similarity between heat and mass boundary layers, local convective heat and mass transfer coefficients were determined on different points of pasta surface. By employing these values, the solution of coupled heat and mass transfer equations within the pasta object in unsteady state condition was obtained. Furthermore the effects of operating conditions such as velocity, temperature and relative humidity of air flow on drying rate of pasta were studied. Sensitivity analysis results show that the effects of air temperature and relative humidity on the rate of drying are more important than the effect of air velocity. Finally, the results obtained from this analysis were compared with the experimental data reported in the literatures and a good agreement was observed while, no adjustable parameter is used in the presented model.     

岩石试样弹塑性破裂过程的数值模拟分析

依据岩土类材料的非匀质性特性,并采用对材料参数进行随机赋值的方法研制了弹塑性破裂过程数值分析程序,并用实例证明了程序的可靠性。应用该程序对岩石试样弹塑性破裂过程进行数值模拟研究．分析表明：数值模拟结果与试验研究结果是吻合的。从而为工程岩体断裂分析提出了一种可能的方法与途径。     

A multiresolution continuum simulation of the ductile fracture process

With the advancement in computational science that is stepping into the Exascale era and experimental techniques that enable rapid reconstruction of the 3D microstructure, quantitative microstructure simulations at an unprecedented fidelity level are giving rise to new possibilities for linking microstructure to property. This paper presents recent advances in 3D computational modeling of ductile fracture in high toughness steels. Ductile fracture involves several concurrent and mutually interactive mechanisms at multiple length scales of microstructure. With serial sectioning tomographic techniques, a digital dataset of microstructure features associated with the fracture process has been experimentally reconstructed. In this study, primary particles are accurately and explicitly modeled while the secondary particles are modeled by a two scale multiresolution continuum model. The present numerical simulation captures detailed characteristics of the fracture process, such as zigzag crack morphology, critical void growth ratios, local stress triaxiality variation, and intervoid ligament structure. For the first time, fracture toughness is linked to multiscale microstructures in a realistic large 3D model.     

Numerical simulation of pore-scale flow in chemical flooding process

Chemical flooding is one of the effective technologies to increase oil recovery of petroleum reservoirs after water flooding. Above the scale of representative elementary volume (REV), phenomenological modeling and numerical simulations of chemical flooding have been reported in literatures, but the studies alike are rarely conducted at the pore-scale, at which the effects of physicochemical hydrodynamics are hardly resolved either by experimental observations or by traditional continuum-based simulations. In this paper, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), one of mesoscopic fluid particle methods, is introduced to simulate the pore-scale flow in chemical flooding processes. The theoretical background, mathematical formulation and numerical approach of DPD are presented. The plane Poiseuille flow is used to illustrate the accuracy of the DPD simulation, and then the processes of polymer flooding through an oil-wet throat and a water-wet throat are studies, respectively. The selected parameters of those simulations are given in details. These preliminary results show the potential of this novel method for modeling the physicochemical hydrodynamics at the pore scale in the area of chemical enhanced oil recovery.     

Hydrodynamics of a drying multicomponent liquid droplet

Using microscopy methods on light and dark fields, the flow patterns developing in drying droplets of pure transparent liquids, solutions, and suspensions of micro- and nanoparticles are investigated. The flow patterns inside drying droplets of real, colloid, and mixed solutions containing nanoand microparticles-markers are studied by means of video and photo registration of microscopic images. The analysis of particle displacements indicates the existence of a global convective flow which forms a toroidal circulation with an ascending jet at the droplet center. The typical types of the structures depending on the droplet composition are distinguished. It is shown that the intensity of the flow inside the droplet affects the surface convection. The effect of the hydrodynamic flow on the transport of a substance, forming the dry-deposit texture, is studied.