相位型三头薛定谔猫态的量子统计属性

本文详细研究了一种相位型三头薛定谔猫态的一些量子统计属性,包括光子数分布、平均光子数、亚泊松分布、压缩效应以及Wigner函数等.我们发现,三头猫态的Wigner函数都可以出现负值,与二、四头猫态一样,说明它们都可以体现出非经典特性.与二头猫态不同,三头猫态在一定参数范围内可以呈现亚泊松分布,这点与四头猫态相类似,但弱于四头猫态.另外,三头猫态和四头猫态都没有压缩属性,但二头猫态具有压缩属性.     

Lorentz violation for photons and ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays

Lorentz symmetry breaking at very high energies may lead to photon dispersion relations of the form omega2=k2+xink2(k/MPl)n with new terms suppressed by a power n of the Planck mass MPl. We show that first and second order terms of size |xi1|>orsimilar10(-14) and xi2相似文献   

Forward-backward angle asymmetry and polarization observables in high-energy deuteron photodisintegration

Deuteron two-body photodisintegration is analysed within the framework of the Quark-Gluon Strings Model. It is found that the forward-backward angle asymmetry predicted by the model is confirmed by the recent data at different photon energies from JLab. New calculations for polarization observables, the cross-section asymmetry and the polarization transfer , for photon energies GeV are presented and compared with the data available up to 2 GeV.Received: 7 July 2003, Published online: 26 November 2003PACS: 13.40.-f Electromagnetic processes and properties - 25.20.-x Photonuclear reactions     

时间相关单光子计数中几个基础问题

本文详细讨论了时间相关单光子计数技术中几个基本物理过程和数理统计原理,实际测量中要注意的几个问题和性能的基本估价。     

Artifact reduction in the CSPAD detectors used for LCLS experiments

The existence of noise and column‐wise artifacts in the CSPAD‐140K detector and in a module of the CSPAD‐2.3M large camera, respectively, is reported for the L730 and L867 experiments performed at the CXI Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), in low‐flux and low signal‐to‐noise ratio regime. Possible remedies are discussed and an additional step in the preprocessing of data is introduced, which consists of performing a median subtraction along the columns of the detector modules. Thus, we reduce the overall variation in the photon count distribution, lowering the mean false‐positive photon detection rate by about 4% (from 5.57 × 10^?5 to 5.32 × 10^?5 photon counts pixel^?1 frame^?1 in L867, cxi86715) and 7% (from 1.70 × 10^‐3 to 1.58 × 10^?3 photon counts pixel^?1 frame^?1 in L730, cxi73013), and the standard deviation in false‐positive photon count per shot by 15% and 35%, while not making our average photon detection threshold more stringent. Such improvements in detector noise reduction and artifact removal constitute a step forward in the development of flash X‐ray imaging techniques for high‐resolution, low‐signal and in serial nano‐crystallography experiments at X‐ray free‐electron laser facilities.     

具有多物理特性的X射线脉冲星导航地面验证系统

导航地面验证是X射线脉冲星导航研究必不可少的环节.针对导航算法验证需要真实连续的脉冲星信号的需求,同时避免X射线调制及探测难度大、成本高的问题,提出了一种基于可见光源的X射线脉冲星导航地面验证系统.该系统利用太阳系质心处脉冲星信号模型和航天器轨道信息,建立航天器处实时光子到达速率函数,再通过硬件系统转换成电压信号,利用该电压控制线性光源输出,最后经衰减、探测及甄别后获得航天器处的实时光子到达时间序列.该时间序列不仅具有导航脉冲星的轮廓特性、自转特性,还包括空间传播时间效应及宇宙X射线背景.本系统利用半物理装置对可见光进行调制及衰减,实时判断轨道各位置处导航脉冲星的可见性,实现X射线脉冲星信号传播过程的模拟.该系统提供四路可控输出信号,支持多种导航模式的验证.仿真系统的性能分析和功能验证结果表明,该系统具有良好的性能,可提供真实便捷的地面验证环境.     

利用光子统计概率测量单分子光子源的信号背景比

理论上研究了基于Hanbury Brown Twiss 探测方式，利用单光子和双光子统计概率P RS(1),PRS(2),直接测量单分子光子源的信号背景比.在研究过程中同时考 虑到单分子布居于暂稳态和探测器量子效率对测量结果的影响.在满足PRS(1)2 PRS(2)-3PRS(2)的条件时，研究给出了一种有效测量信号背景比的方 法SBR=P2RS(1)/2PRS(2).另外，分析讨论了Mandel参数Q 与信号背景比之间的关系. 关键词： 单分子光子源 信号背景比 光子统计 暂稳态 Mandel参数     

两个独立全光纤多通道光子纠缠源的Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉

独立光子源的干涉是实现复杂量子体系应用(比如多光子纠缠态产生和量子隐形传态等)的核心技术.利用100 GHz密集波分复用技术,实现了1.55μm全光纤多通道独立纠缠光子源的Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉,在不去除暗符合(随机符合计数)的情况下,可见度为53.2%±8.4%,去除暗符合可见度可达到82.9%±5.3%.给出了关于色散位移光纤中基于自发四波混频过程产生的单光子光谱纯度严格的理论描述,模拟了抽运脉冲宽度和滤波器带宽对单光子光谱纯度的影响,并给出了理论上的最佳条件(最佳的抽运脉冲宽度为8 ps,高斯滤波器带宽为40 GHz及以下).在测量Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉之前,先测量了液氮冷却状态下的色散位移光纤关联光子源的符合和随机符合比率,在抽运功率为23μW的情况下,最大比率可以达到131.Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉在高精度光学测量、测量装置无关的量子密钥分配等应用中扮演着极为重要的角色.     

Time-frequency characterization of high-order harmonic pulses

We present energy-resolved cross-correlation measurements of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses generated as high harmonics of femtosecond pulses from a 1 kHz titanium-sapphire laser. The harmonic pulses are probed by a fraction of the fundamental laser pulse at 800 nm, in a noncollinear geometry, allowing us to vary independently the parameters of the harmonic pump and near-infrared probe pulses. We measure the so-called sidebands in the photoelectron spectrum of argon corresponding to the absorption of a harmonic photon plus or minus one probe photon. Spectrally resolving the cross-correlation signal allows us to characterize the time-dependent frequency of the XUV pulse.Received: 20 December 2002, Published online: 24 April 2003PACS: 42.65.Ky Harmonic generation, frequency conversion     

On the magnetic structure of PrMn2O5: a neutron diffraction study

The long-range magnetic ordering of PrMn(2)O(5) has been studied on polycrystalline samples from neutron diffraction and specific heat measurements. The onset of antiferromagnetic ordering is observed at T(N) ≈ 25 K. In the temperature interval 18 K < T < 25 K the magnetic structure is defined by the propagation vector k(1) = (1/2,0,0). Below 18 K, some additional magnetic satellites appear in the NPD patterns, which are indexed with k(2) = (0,0,1/2). Therefore, below 18 K the magnetic structure consists of two independent magnetic domains, defined by the propagation vectors k(1) and k(2). The magnetic structure of the k(1)-domain is given by the basis vectors (C(x),0,0) and (C(x)',0,0) for Mn(4h) and Mn(4f), respectively. In the k(2)-domain, the magnetic structure is defined by the basis vectors (0,0,G(z)) and (F(x)',G(y)',0) for Mn(4h) and Mn(4f), respectively. At T = 1.5 K, for the magnetic phase associated with k(1), the magnetic moments of the Mn atoms at the 4h and 4f sites are 1.82(7) and 1.81(6) μ(B), respectively; for the magnetic phase associated with k(2), the magnetic moments for the Mn(4h) and Mn(4f) atoms are 0.59(5) and 2.62(5) μ(B), respectively.     

NaYF_4微晶中Tm~(3+)-Er~(3+)耦合对间的能量传递

在NaYF4微晶中借助于Tm3+-Er3+耦合对间能量传递过程,能够将一个高能291 nm紫外光光子剪裁成近红外796 nm和蓝色476 nm两个光子。在291 nm(34 364 cm-1)紫外光激发下,Tm3+的1I6能级首先被布居,再经过一个交叉弛豫过程使得Er3+的4I9/2和Tm3+的1G4能级同时被布居,从而实现了Tm3+的1G4→3H6[476 nm(21 008 cm-1)]和Er3+的4I9/2→4I15/2[796 nm(12 563 cm-1)]辐射跃迁。估算了这种下转换过程的能量传递效率ηET和量子效率ηQE。通过这种量子剪裁可以解决光谱失配问题,提高GaAs太阳能电池中的转换效率。     

Electromagnetic Resonance of Astigmatic Gaussian Beam to the High Frequency Gravitational Waves

The high frequency gravitational waves(around 10~8-10~(12) Hz) could interact with a specially designed electromagnetic resonance system.It is found that the power of transverse perturbative photon flux(PPF) of an electromagnetic resonance system can be improved significantly by virtue of an astigmatic Gaussian beam.Correspondingly the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) would also be improved.When the eccentric ratio of waist satisfying w_(0x):w_(0y)1,the peak value of signal photon flux could be raised by 2-4 times with typical systematic parameters,while the background photon flux would be depressed.Therefore,the ratio of transverse PPF to background photon flux(i.e.,SNR)can be further improved 3-8 times with dimensionless amplitude of relic gravitational wave h_t=10~(-36).     

Investigation of trace p-dichlorobenzene using laser mass spectrometry

The time-of-flight mass spectrum (TOFMS) relative to the resonant two-photon ionization of gas phase pdichlorobcnzene was obtained in the wavelength range of 240 - 250 nm by a home-made system. A special design was made to reduce the effect of memory on the inner wall of the sample inlet system suitable for the investigation of semi-volatile organic compound. In this wavelength range, p-dichlorobenzene molecules firstly absorbed one photon to be excited from the ground state 1A9(So) to the first excited state 1B2u (S1), then absorbcd another photon to be ionized. The relationship between the signal intensity of p-dichlorobenzene molccular ion C6H435Cl at 248-nm wavelength and the laser power was given. The 1.52 power index of C6H435Cl2 was a typical identification of the 3/2 power law. The relationship between the ion signal intensity of C6H435Cl and the sample concentration was close to a linear one in the ppm(V/V) range, which led to a detection limit of 125 ppb(V/V) for p-dichlorobenzene.     

一种三环并联Rayleigh后向散射式光纤转动传感器

以单环后向Rayleigh散射式光纤转动传感器原理为基础,提出了一种三环形腔并联Rayleigh后向散射式光纤转动传感器新结构.利用三个2×2单模光纤耦合器,建立了并联三环形腔Rayleigh后向散射式光纤转动传感器的理论模型,给出了用光时域反射计（OTDR）探测到的信号强度表达式.通过计算机仿真优化了参量,选择三环的长度分别为1 500 m、1 078 m和680 m.三个2×2光纤耦合器的耦合系数分别为95.23%、94.88%和95.26%构建了测试系统,对不同转速所探测到的后向Rayleigh散射信号进行测量,得到与理论相一致的实验结果.三环的采用,增加了测试的有效数据,使其更有利于识别,提高了测量转速的准确度.     

Energy-momentum quanta in Fresnel's evanescent wave II

Four generalisations of results appearing in a previous paper, referred to as I, are here produced. (1) Formulas for the field strengths of the evanescent wave generated inside a vacuum sandwiched between two identical refracting media propagating symmetrical incident plane waves; the classical exponential damping factor being then replaced by hyperbolic cosines or sines (according to the field components), an extremely close approximation to a plane tachyon wave is thus obtained; (2) Compact formulas for the case where the evanescent wave is generated by a superposition of plane incident waves with propagation vectors k parallel to a common incidence plane; (3) Compact formulas for the other typical case where the dispersion on k is parallel to the reflecting plane; (4) Formulas for refraction and total reflection of a photon with a non-zero rest mass.We take the opportunity of this paper to review briefly various articles that had escaped us, where a transverse energy flux inside Fresnel's evanescent wave was discussed, and also some recent papers dealing with quantisation of the evanescent wave or related topics.     

793 nm抽运下的掺Tm3+碲酸盐玻璃的发光特性

研究了掺Tm^3 碲酸盐玻璃在793nm钛宝石激光器抽运下的发光特性，结果发现除常规的^3H4→^3H6的811nm荧光外，还存在很强的^1G4→H5的785nm二光子转换荧光以及较弱的710nm和677nm三光子上转换荧光。     

叠加的奇偶SU(1,1)相干态的统计性质

研究了将两个SU(1,1)相干态｜ζ,k〉和｜ζ,k〉叠加起来得到的新的量子态的统计性质．偶SU(1,1)相干态｜ζ,1/4〉和奇SU(1,1)相干态｜ζ,3/4〉分别对应于压缩真空态和压缩单光子数态．适当选取SU(1,1)态的相位角和叠加时的相对相位,得到的新的量子态比单个SU(1,1)相干态表现出大大增强的正交分量压缩和光子反群聚效应．也说明了怎样准备这样的叠加态． 关键词：     

Fermi surface of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

We study the Fermi surface of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with a momentum resolution of approximately 0.01 of the Brillouin zone. We show that, contrary to recent suggestions, the ARPES derived Fermi surface is a large hole barrel centered at (pi,pi), independent of the incident photon energy. We caution that the photon energy and k dependence of the matrix elements, if not properly accounted for, can lead to misinterpretation of ARPES intensities.     

光子湮没算符高次幂本征态的压缩性质

本文研究光子湮没算符高次幂α^k(k≥3)的k个正交归一本征态的压缩性质,发现当k为偶数时,这些本征态均可有振幅N次方(k=2N)压缩存在。 关键词：     

Mass-selected Ag<Subscript>3</Subscript> clusters soft-landed onto MgO/Mo(100): femtosecond photoemission and first-principles simulations

The electronic structure of supported mass-selected Ag₃ clusters is analyzed by joint femtosecond photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio theoretical investigations. A wide band gap insulating magnesia ultra-thin film on Mo(100) has been chosen as substrate in order to minimize the electronic interaction between metal clusters and support. After magnesia ultra-thin film preparation no photoemission from the molybdenum substrate is observed anymore, instead very weak two photon photoemission is detected possibly originating from surface or subsurface oxide defect states. Soft-landing deposition of 2 of atomic monolayer equivalents of Ag₃ clusters results in the disappearance also of the MgO two photon photoemission signal, while a strong single photon photoemission signal is detected from states located directly below the Fermi level. The theoretical study of structural, electronic and optical properties of Ag₃ at two model sites of MgO (100), the stoichiometric MgO(100) and an F_S-center defect, based on the DFT method and the embedded cluster model provides insight into the interactions between the cluster and the support which are responsible for the characteristic spectroscopic features.