响应面法优化微波萃取慈竹多糖的工艺

利用微波提取慈竹竹秆中多糖类物质.在提取温度、提取时间、液固比等单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法研究微波提取的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,微波功率为600W时,微波提取最佳条件为:提取温度123℃、提取时间44min、液固比为41∶1(mL/g);在此工艺条件下,提取一次,慈竹竹秆多糖的得率为0.586％,而理论预测多糖得率是0.590％,实际得率达到理论预测值的99.32％.     

超声波-微波协同萃取南五味子木脂素及五味子酯甲的制备

考察了超声波-微波协同萃取南五味子木脂素的工艺条件.采用L9(34)的正交实验考查了萃取剂浓度,萃取时间,微波功率,液固比的影响效果.实验结果表明,优化的提取条件是:萃取剂乙醇浓度为90％,萃取时间为10min,微波功率为70W,液固比为15∶1(mL/g)(超声波功率内置为50W).优化条件下木脂素得率为5.86％.将提取物利用高效液相制备色谱分离纯化,得到了五味子酯甲,产品纯度为98％,得率为0.16％.     

正交优化-微波辅助提取银杏叶黄酮

采用微波萃取银杏叶黄酮类化合物,与传统溶剂萃取黄酮类化合物方法相比较,微波萃取法具有萃取时间短、溶剂用量少、耗能低、萃取效率高等优点。通过单因素实验和正交试验结果,确定提取的最佳条件为：温度55℃,功率800W,液固质量比70∶1,处理时间6min,提取率可达3.578%。在相同温度下,微波法与索氏提取法相比,微波法所需时间是索氏提取的1/80;溶剂下降30%,而且提取率增大。微波提取技术用于银杏叶中黄酮的提取具有省时、高效、节能等特点。     

微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖工艺

利用微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖物质,采用正交试验法考察料液比、浸提温度、微波和超声波功率以及时间等对枸杞中多糖物质提取效率的影响,得到最佳提取工艺:料液比为1∶10(g/mL),微波提取温度为100℃,微波功率为300W,提取时间6min,超声处理时间20min,超声功率80W,温度为70℃.     

回归正交试验设计优化猪苓多糖的提取工艺

以猪苓为原料,通过二次回归正交试验优化了猪苓多糖的提取工艺条件.结果表明:影响猪苓多糖提取率的因素顺序为:提取温度＞料液比＞pH＞微波提取时间＞微波功率;最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间3min,温度70.0℃,料液比1∶24.7 (g/mL),pH 6.91,微波功率400W,猪苓多糖的提取率为2.86％.     

超声波法提取石榴皮多酚的最佳工艺

以石榴皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法对石榴皮多酚的提取工艺进行了研究.通过对提取溶剂的筛选,确定乙醇为提取溶剂,考察液固比、超声处理功率、超声处理温度和处理时间等因素对石榴皮多酚得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,进行L9(34)正交试验.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率为180W,提取温度为70℃,液固比为15∶1(mg/mL),提取时间为40min,在此条件下石榴皮多酚得率为12.71％.     

正交设计-紫外分光光度法测定青蒿中的青蒿素

以干青蒿叶为原料,考察石油醚萃取青蒿素的工艺条件,如温度、时间、溶剂量及超声功率等因素,正交法确定了最佳萃取工艺条件为温度40℃,超声功率90W,时间20min（两次）,液固比120∶1（mL.g-1）。紫外分光光度法直接测定不同产地青蒿中青蒿素的含量,结果表明：用超声波强化石油醚萃取青蒿素与常规浸泡法石油醚萃取比较,用超声波可以大大缩短萃取时间,提高了萃取率。     

苦瓜果实中盐酸小檗碱的提取工艺

以新鲜苦瓜为原料,用盐酸小檗碱为对照品,正交设计优化苦瓜中盐酸小檗碱提取条件,采用超声波和水浴提取法等2种工艺提取苦瓜中盐酸小檗碱,研究单因素对盐酸小檗碱提取率的影响,确定提取盐酸小檗碱的最佳条件.水浴提取苦瓜盐酸小檗碱以A2C1B1组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为5.1642mg/g.超声波提取苦瓜盐酸小檗碱以A3B2C2组合为最佳提取条件,提取率为6.3267mg/g.实验结果表明,超声波法提取效果优于水浴提取法.     

响应曲面法提取水松总黄酮的工艺研究

采用响应曲面法,优化了提取水松总黄酮的提取工艺条件为:微波时间3.8min,乙醇浓度69%,固液比1∶31,在此条件下,水松总黄酮的产率为1.88%。     

废弃番茄叶中叶绿素超声-微波协同的提取工艺

利用超声-微波协同法提取废弃番茄叶中的叶绿素.通过单因素及正交试验研究了溶剂、乙醇浓度、微波功率、超声温度、超声时间、料液比、微波时间7个因素对叶绿素提取量的影响,再进行正交试验和验证实验.结果表明最佳工艺条件是:乙醇浓度90％、微波功率500W、超声温度70℃、超声时间40min、料液比1∶10(g/mL)、微波时间...     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.