离子对电磁波传播特性的影响

对等离子体中电磁波传播的平板几何模型进行了修正, 讨论了离子对电磁波在大气压均匀非磁化弱电离等离子体中的反射、吸收和透射等传播特性的影响。数值分析的结果表明: 大气条件下, 离子对电磁波在均匀非磁化弱电离等离子体中传播特性的影响是显著的, 同时给出等离子体对电磁波的最大吸收值和吸收宽带。     

带电离子“详细历史”蒙特卡罗模拟方法

从带电离子与物质相互作用的机理出发,研究"详细历史法"模拟的方法与步骤.开发了自适应步长的详细历史法模拟程序ITR(ions transport and reaction).用程序TRIM和Corteo对其进行校验.模拟结果符合的很好,并且速度上有一定优势.     

离子—沟道蛋白质

近年来,让传输的信息隐藏在一个混沌讯号中作为加密手段一直吸引着人们的注意,但大多数的工作都是理论性的探讨,或者是仅限于实验室的试验.最近我国北京师范大学的胡岗教授和他的研究组已经能在局域网上对讯号进行混沌加密.他们利用双向声音传输在北京师范大学的计算机网络上进行了演示.一台 750 MHz 的个人计算机就可以将信息转译成密码,其速度与质量都达到了一般电话要求的速度与质量,这一点可与标准的先进加密设备相比较.当然现在并不存在完全不可破解的加密技术,但胡岗教授认为,他们的这项加密技术具有合理的保密性(保密性能达到是指入…     

离子导体在离子输运状态下的物理特性

1974年杨桢等发现α-LiIO_3单晶在直流电场作用下,中子衍射强度显著增强现象后,引起了中国物理学家们的强烈兴趣。特别是中国科学院物理研究所的物理学家们研究了离子导体在静电场作用下的介电行为,X射线形貌图,光衍射,喇曼散射,超声衰减等等,观察到了许多新现象,并对这些现象的机制作了理论解释,本文将对这些实验和理论结果作一评述。     

稀土离子荧光探针在蛋白质分析中的应用

蛋白质是生物体内含量最丰富的生物大分子物质,在人体代谢中扮演重要的角色,它的分析测定在医学和生物学研究中有着重要的意义。荧光方法是研究蛋白质结构,功能和定性定量分析的一种重要方法,而稀土离子及其配合物是荧光分析中最常用的探针技术。本文介绍了近十几年来稀土离子及其配合物荧光探针在蛋白质分析中的应用。     

带电导体的转动对电磁场的影响

讨论了带电导体的转动对其电磁场的影响,分析了导体转动时磁场与电场和电荷分布之间的关系。     

电子辐照聚合物带电特性多参数共同作用的数值模拟

电子辐照聚合物样品的带电特性是扫描电子显微镜成像、电子束探针微分析以及空间器件辐照效应等领域的一个重要研究课题. 通过建立基于蒙特卡罗方法的电子散射和时域有限差分法的电子输运的数值模型, 并采用高效的多线程并行计算, 模拟了电子非透射辐照聚合物样品的带电特性, 得到了带电稳态下的样品底部泄漏电流密度、表面负电位以及样品总电荷密度等带电特征量受入射电子能量、入射电流密度、样品材料的电子迁移率、样品厚度等相关参数共同作用的影响. 结果表明, 一个参数的变化使表面负电位增强时, 其他参数对负电位的影响将增强. 样品的带电稳态特征量在同一个电流平衡的模式下受参数影响的变化是单调的. 当电流平衡模式发生变化时, 如在入射电子能量较低的条件下, 样品内部的总电荷量会随着样品厚度的增大而先增加后减小, 出现局部极大值. 样品底部的泄漏电流密度随着入射电流密度的增大而近线性成比例地增大. 研究结果对于揭示电子辐照聚合物的带电规律及微观机理、预测不同条件下的样品带电状态具有重要科学意义.     

带电导体的转动对电磁场的影响

讨论了带电导体的转动对其电磁场的影响,分析了导体转动时磁场与电场和电荷分布之间的关系．     

利用离子输运的标度特性计算离子在固体中的射程分布

利用低能轻离子在固体中的输运量可近似由离子标度输运截面单值描述这一标度特性,取得了计算低能轻离子在重靶中射程分布的普适公式,具体地,在用离子输运双群模型计算得到射程分布前四阶矩后,建立这些与标度输运截面之间的近似单值对应关系,在此基础上,拟合得到计算射程分布的前四阶矩以及射程分布的公式.通过与实验值和MonteCarlo计算结果的比较,检验了本文给出的普适公式.利用本文的结果可以较好描述低能轻离子在固体中的射程分布,同时又有很高的计算效率. 关键词：     

ICP-AES测定钾石盐中的硫酸根离子

在选定的最佳条件下,样品直接溶解后采用ICP-AES测定钾石盐中硫酸根离子的含量,其最终检测结果与化学法测定结果一致。该方法简便、快速、线性范围宽、测量稳定。回收率为89.0%—102.0%。     

Semi-empirical calculations for the ranges of fast ions in silicon

A semi-empirical method is proposed to calculate the ion ranges in energy region E?=?0.025–10?MeV/nucleon. The dependence of ion ranges on the projectile nuclear charge, mass and velocity is analysed. The calculations presented for ranges of ions with nuclear charges Z?=?2–10 in silicon are compared with SRIM results and experimental data.     

纳米晶体中稀土离子的发光性质及其变化机理研究

近年来, 纳米晶体中稀土离子发光性质的研究越来越受到人们的广泛关注, 这是因为纳米稀土发光材料在发光、高清显示、光电子纳米器件、生物荧光标记、激光和闪烁体等众多领域有着重要的应用前景。本项目采用软化学合成方法如水热法、溶胶-凝胶法等, 通过合成工艺的调控, 设计并合成出一系列不同颗粒尺寸、分散均匀、形貌可控的稀土离子掺杂氧化物(氟化物)微/纳米晶体, 利用激发、发射、漫反射以及高分辨激光光谱等光谱分析手段对其发光性质进行研究, 弄清影响发光行为的本质原因。同时, 结合光谱实验数据, 利用密度泛函理论和复杂晶体化学键介电理论方法进行理论计算, 成功解释了光谱变化规律和不同稀土离子间能量传递机理, 为相关稀土光谱研究奠定了理论和实验基础。     

对含有非热力学平衡离子的尘埃等离子体中孤波特性的理论研究

得到了描述由尘埃颗粒电荷变化、非热力学平衡分布的离子和Boltzmann分布的电子组成的未磁化的热尘埃等离子体中的尘埃声波的修正的KdV (mKdV) 方程. 并对诸多的尘埃等离子体参数对尘埃声孤波结构的影响进行了理论研究，结果表明，尘埃等离子体参数决定着尘埃声孤波结构，且只在这些参数特别选定的一些区域，才会出现稳定的孤波. 关键词： 非热力学平衡离子 尘埃颗粒电荷变化 尘埃声孤波     

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and functional properties of mantle proteins from scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis)

In this study, scallop mantle protein was treated by ultrasound at different powers, and then analyzed by ANS fluorescent probes, circular dichroism spectroscopy, endogenous fluorescence spectrum, DNTB colorimetry and in-vitro digestion model to elucidate the structure–function relationship. The results indicated that ultrasound can significantly affect the secondary structure of scallop mantle protein like enhancing hydrophobicity, lowering the particle size, increasing the relative contents of α-helix and decreasing contents of β-pleated sheet, β-turn and random coil, as well as altering intrinsic fluorescence intensity with blue shift of maximum fluorescence peak. But ultrasound had no effect on its primary structure. Moreover, the functions of scallop mantle protein were regulated by modifying its structures by ultrasound. Specifically, the protein had the highest performance in foaming property and in-vitro digestibility under ultrasonic power of 100 W, oil binding capacity under 100 W, water binding capacity under 300 W, solubility and emulsification capacity under 400 W, and emulsion stability under 600 W. These results prove ultrasonic treatment has the potential to effectively improve functional properties and quality of scallop mantle protein, benefiting in comprehensive utilization of scallop mantles.     

Effect of multi-frequency ultrasound thawing on the structure and rheological properties of myofibrillar proteins from small yellow croaker

The influence of multi-frequency combined ultrasound thawing on primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, electrophoresis pattern, particle size distribution, zeta potential values, thermal stability, rheological behavior, and microstructure of small yellow croaker myofibrillar proteins (MPs) were studied. Four treatments were used for thawing small yellow croakers: flow water thawing (FWT), mono-frequency ultrasonic thawing (MUT), dual-frequency ultrasonic thawing (DUT), and tri-frequency ultrasonic thawing (TUT). Compared with fresh samples (FS), the MPs of the sample pretreated by DUT had non-significant effect on protein primary (including free amino groups and surface hydrophobicity), secondary, tertiary structures, electrophoresis pattern, and microstructure. MPs pretreated by DUT had less aggregation and degradation. Besides, DUT treatment increased the thermal stability of MPs. The ultrasound had significant effects on the rheological properties of MPs. Overall, DUT effectively minimized the changes in MPs structure and protected the protein thermal stability and rheological behavior during the thawing process.     

Effects of ultrasound on the techno-functional properties of milk proteins: A systematic review

Techno-functional properties of proteins, including foaming capacity, water holding capacity, solubility, emulsifying properties, and gelling formation, are known to play an important role in food processing technologies and be considered significant contributors in the development of new food products. In recent years, research has proven that ultra-sonication can influence the techno-functional properties of proteins through modification of their molecular structure. In this study, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and FSTA (Food Science and Technology Abstracts) databases were searched to find all related articles from 2000 to 2021. The results showed that the improving effects of ultrasound on each of the functional properties of proteins is entirely dependent on the ultrasound conditions and the type of ultrasound-treated protein. The results of functional parameters of milk proteins also showed that ultrasound could modify these properties. However, further studies are required to reach conclusive results that permit the employment of ultrasound to improve the techno-functional properties of milk proteins.     

Effect of a low-frequency magnetic field on the structure of globular blood proteins

We used IR Fourier absorption spectra of blood to study changes in the structure of globular blood proteins with extracorporeal autohemomagnetotherapy, used to treat ischemic heart disease. We compare the spectra of blood before and after magnetotherapy in the regions: amide I (1655 cm⁻¹), amide II (1545 cm⁻¹), amide III (1230–1350 cm⁻¹), amide IV and amide V (400–700 cm⁻¹). We have shown that pronounced changes in the spectra in the indicated regions on direct exposure of blood in vivo to a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field are connected with conformational changes in the secondary structure of globular blood proteins, which are apparent in the increase in the contribution of the α-helix conformation. We discuss the magnetotherapy-initiated appearance of new IR absorption bands at 1018 and 1038 cm⁻¹ and an increase in the intensity of a number of other bands located in the 1000–1200 cm⁻¹ region, which suggests a change in the concentration of some blood components. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 665–669, September–October, 2007.     

Effects of alkali ions on thermal stability and spectroscopic properties of Er-doped gallogermanate glasses

Since information transportation capacity of optical communication network increases rapidly, new optical materials are always demanded with gain bandwidth desirably much broader than traditional erbium-doped silica fiber amplifier (EDFA). We show here in this paper the erbium-doped gallogermanate glasses with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) more than 50 nm. Incorporation of alkali ions such as Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ into the system can on the one hand improve the thermal stability of the glasses, and on the other hand enhance the emission at 1.5 μm due to the ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 transition of Er³⁺ and suppress the upconversion process at the same time. This particularly works best for the case of K⁺ inclusion. This work might give a general idea on controlling the Er³⁺ luminescence by simply adjusting the glass component and find a potential laser glass applicable to developing new broadband fiber amplifier.     

铝对过渡金属离子掺杂的二氧化硅溶胶凝胶玻璃发光性质的影响

用溶胶凝胶法制备了过渡金属离子(Ni2+,Mn2+和Cu2+)单掺、铝共掺的二氧化硅玻璃,测量了荧光光谱、吸收光谱和红外光谱,研究了Al3+对过镀金属离子在二氧化硅玻璃中发光性质的影响。研究结果表明,Al3+对过渡金属离子的发光性质有着显著影响:Ni2+,Mn2+和Cu+的发光强度大幅度提高,Mn2+的发光峰峰位改变。     

Correlation phenomena in the Cherenkov radiation of accelerated multiply charged ions

Correlation phenomena occurring in Cherenkov radiation are considered which are related to fluctuations of the charge states of multiply charged accelerated ions in a medium. The additional correlation contribution to the radiation is determined by the root-mean-square deviation of the ion charge from its equilibrium value and is responsible for the nonzero radiation yield in the event that the threshold condition is not fulfilled. Numerical estimates of the radiation yield of heavy ions in the optical and X-ray frequency ranges are given. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 41–46, January, 2009.