横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播

基于孔隙介质的Ｂｉｏｔ理论,研究了横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播特性．首先导出了波传播的特征方程并给出其解析解,结果显示：有４种不同波速的平面体波传播：第一准纵波（ＱＰ１）、第二准纵波（ＱＰ２）、准横波（ＱＳＶ）和反平面横波（ＳＨ）．文中给出了波速和衰减的解析表达式,数值计算了频散曲线和衰减曲线,并讨论了各类准体波位移之间的耦合关系．最后分析了Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ波的生成条件和传播特性．文章详细讨论了介质异性对波传播特性的影响     

液饱和多孔介质中三维应力波的传播

为了深入研究液饱和多孔介质中应力波的传播，提出了三维两相细观计算模型．基于此模型。应用Galerkin余量法并计及流-固耦合界面的耦合效应，利用直接耦合的技术，开发了三维流-固混合显式动力有限元计算程序．在此基础上对冲击载荷作用下液饱和多孔介质中三维应力波的传播现象进行了数值模拟，并详细讨论了孔隙率，孔隙形状等因素对应力波传播主导波形的影响．     

正交各向异性板中非主轴方向的Lamb波

基于线性三维弹性理论,采用勒让德正交多项式展开法,推导了波沿正交各向异性材料非主轴方向传播时的Lamb波耦合波动方程,并对耦合波动方程进行了数值求解.为验证该方法的适用性和正确性,首先将此方法应用于各向同性材料,并与已知的数据结果进行了比较;然后以单向纤维增强复合材料为例,计算了耦合Lamb波沿不同的非主轴方向传播时的相速度频散曲线,并分别研究了传播方向改变时低阶模态Lamb波和高阶模态Lamb波频散特性的变化.最后,针对潜在用于各向异性复合材料结构健康监测的耦合Lamb波低阶模态,给出了其在不同传播方向时的相速度分布和群速度分布.同时,结合低阶模态Lamb波的位移分布特性和材料的各向异性特点,阐释了S0模态对波的传播方向变化最为敏感的原因.     

各向异性介质中SH波引起的裂纹扩展

本文利用Green函数法,求解各向异性介质中半无限长裂纹在SH波作用下,以任意速度扩展的问题。首先,利用Laplace变换和Cagniard-de Hoop反演法求解各向异性介质中反平面问题的Green函数,并利用它建立了求解裂纹扩展问题的积分方程。因为方程为Abel型的,所以可得到在SH波作用下,半无限长裂纹扩展问题的解析解。还可求得裂纹端点附近的应力和裂纹表面上位移的表达式。并对裂纹端点附近的奇异性进行讨论。最后讨论了裂纹尖端附近任一点的能量关系。并应用Griffith的能量准则,对裂纹扩展规律进行了讨论。     

多孔材料中应力波的传播

针对多孔泡沫混凝土实验应力应变曲线的基本特点,提出并建立了一种可以考虑孔隙压实过程的材料本构模型及其数学形式。通过典型算例,分析了应力波在多孔材料中传播的耗散效应,指出多孔材料中的孔隙在被压实过程中能有效吸收应力波能量、降低应力波强度,在引起应力波衰减的诸因素中,孔隙压实所起的作用更大更显著。     

正交各向异性板的粘接接头应力分析

1.接头端部的荷载考虑一个正交各向异性板单肢搭接粘接接头(图1).取单位宽度并承受外力T的作用.可写出     

含椭圆夹杂正交各向异性体的界面应力研究

本文研究了远场作用反平面载荷时含椭圆夹杂正交各向异性体的界面应力分布规律.利用解析函数边值问题理论和共形映射技术,推导了反平面载荷下含椭圆夹杂正交异性体的精确解,获得了夹杂和基体内应力场的闭合解,并通过有限元结果验证了本文解析解的有效性.研究表明:基体材料主方向弹性模量比C55/C44和夹杂形状比γ对界面应力影响显著;基体材料主方向模量比C5JC44对界面应力的影响受夹杂/基体模量比Cf/C44的限制.     

波由单相弹性介质向横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质传播时的反射与透射

研究了弹性波从单相各向同性弹性介质向双相各向异性液体饱和介质的传播问题.基于Biot的孔隙介质理论,并考虑动态渗透率,对以任意角度、任意频率入射的弹性波,解析地导出了在界面上的透射角、透射波波速和衰减系数,给出了各波在界面上的能量分配,数值计算了反射、透射系数与入射角、孔隙度等的关系曲线.     

各向异性展状介质中弹性波的传播矩阵解法

基于广义胡克定律及混和变量弹性波方程，解析求得各层介质内位移、应力传递矩阵，给出了直角坐标系下各向异性层状介质中弹性波的传播矩阵解法．该方法适用于非轴对称各向异性和点源作用，较好地解决了数值计算中有效数字精度损失问题．数值结果表明，计算效率、准确性及稳定性均较好．     

川藏公路地质环境与整治改建方案的思考

川藏公路由于地质环境复杂、建设标准低、后遗病害多,抗灾能力差,泥石流、滑坡、山崩、雪害、水毁等自然灾害频繁发生,公路阻车断道严重。国家投入巨资进行整治改建,并取得了明显的效果,但由于自然环境特殊、影响因素复杂,许多特大型、大型工程地质病害问题还没有可行、可靠的解决方案。本文通过分析川藏公路沿线的地质环境和灾害特点,总结历年整治改建和经验的教训,提出川藏公路建设的途径、可能达到的目标和应采用的原则。     

Nonlinear fluid flow laws for orthotropic porous media

Nonlinear fluid flow laws for orthotropic porous media are written in invariant tensor form. As usual in the theory of fluid flow through porous media [1, 2], the equations contain the flow velocity up to the second power. Expressions that determine the nonlinear resistances to fluid flow are presented and it is shown that, on going over from linear to nonlinear flow laws, the asymmetry effect may manifest itself, that is, the fluid flow characteristics may differ along the same straight line in the positive and negative directions. It is shown that, as compared with the linear fluid flow law for orthotropic media when for three symmetry groups a single flow law is sufficient, in nonlinear laws the anisotropy manifestations are much more variable and each symmetry group must be described by specific equations. A system of laboratory measurements for finding the nonlinear flow characteristics for orthotropic porous media is considered.     

Laboratory observation of nonlocal dispersion

This work presents the results of a one-dimensional experimental investigation of contaminant transport in heterogeneous porous media. The usual transport equations fail to adequately predict dispersion in such systems, and new theories to account for the distinctions have not yet been examined experimentally. We use a one-dimensional porous media which is heterogeneous on the scale of observation to determine if the phenomena predicted by the new theories are observable.The experimental media are constructed from distinct layers of spherical glass beads packed into cylindrical columns of Lucite. Flow was in the direction perpendicular to the layers. Dispersion was measured by recording the concentration of a chloride tracer as a function of time and position. The scale of measurement was finer than the scale of the heterogeneity. The results show that the mixing between miscible fluids was affected by transitions in the system parameters, before the transitions were encountered by the mixing zone. This newly observed phenomenon has been interpreted as a nonlocal effect, and it begins to verify the new predictive theories.     

流体饱和标准线性粘弹性多孔介质中的平面波

研究了流体饱和不可压标准线性粘弹性多孔介质中平面波的传播和反射问题.在固相骨架小变形的假定下,得到了粘弹性多孔介质中波动方程的一般解,讨论了弥散关系和波的衰减特性.结果表明:在流体饱和不可压粘弹性多孔介质中,仅存在一个耦合纵波和一个耦合横波,纵波和横波的波速、衰减率等取决于孔隙流体与固相骨架间的相互作用以及固相骨架本身的粘性.同时,研究了半空间自由边界上入射波(纵波、横波)的反射问题,得到了非均匀反射波的波速、反射系数、衰减率等的表达式及其相关的数值结果.     

微结构孔隙介质的球对称弥散问题及其解

本文研究球对称弥散问题,模型中考虑了孔隙介质的微结构特征。这种微结构起着广义的吸附作用,在溶质的输运过程中有滞后效应。文中考虑了五种微结构模型,它们是均衡吸附模型,一阶线性动力吸附模型、板状、柱状和球粒结构模型。分别求得Laplace空间的解析解,用Stehfest的数值反演技术获得各种模型的溶质浓度分布,并对有关的影响因素进行了量值考查,对认识微结构模型的特性有帮助,可以作为地层排污、特殊条件下的石油开采及溶滤萃矿等工程设计的理论依据。     

Propagation of Harmonic Waves in an Orthotropic Cylindrical Shell on Elastic Foundation

An equation is derived, using Timoshenko shell theory, to analyze axisymmetric strain fields in an orthotropic cylindrical shell on an elastic foundation. Also a dispersion equation is derived to study the natural harmonic waves in a shell depending on the properties of the elastic foundation. The wave velocities computed by the numerical method proposed are in agreement with the analytical solutions, which confirms the reliability of the results     

A theory of macrodispersion for the scale-up problem

Dispersion is the result, observable on large length scales, of events which are random on small length scales. When the length scale on which the randomness operates is not small, relative to the observations, then classical dispersion theory fails. The scale up problem refers to situations in which randomness occurs on all length scales, and for which classical dispersion theory necessarily fails. The purpose of this article is to present non-Fickian, theories of dispersion, which do not assume a scale separation between the randomness and the observed consequences, and which do not assume a single length scale.Porous media flow properties are heterogeneous on all length scales. The geological variation on length scales below the observational length scale can be regarded as unknown and unknowable, and thus as a random variable.We develop a systematic theory relating scaling behavior of the geological heterogeneity to the scaling behavior of the fluid dispersivity. Three qualitatively distinct regimes (Fickian, non-Fickian and nonrenormalizable) are found. The theory gives consistent answers within several distinct analytic approximations, and with numerical simulation of the equations of porous media flow.Comparison to field data is made. The use of Kriging to generate constrained ensembles for conditional simulation is discussed.     

Acoustics of Rotating Deformable Saturated Porous Media

We investigate wave propagation in elastic porous media which are saturated by incompressible viscous Newtonian fluids when the porous media are in rotation with respect to a Galilean frame. The model is obtained by upscaling the flow at the pore scale. We use the method of multiple scale expansions which gives rigorously the macroscopic behaviour without any prerequisite on the form of the macroscopic equations. For Kibel numbers A A(1), the acoustic filtration law resembles a Darcys law, but with a conductivity which depends on the wave frequency and on the angular velocity. The bulk momentum balance shows new inertial terms which account for the convective and Coriolis accelerations. Three dispersive waves are pointed out. An investigation in the inertial flow regime shows that the two pseudo-dilatational waves have a cut-off frequency.