库仑—新极谱电分析法

恒电流库仑滴定时无论用电位法或是用电流法指示终点,恒电流都会影响指示信号的观测;用新极谱分析法指示恒电流库仑滴定终点,同样受恒电流干扰,为了判断滴定终点,需多次断电停止滴定,观测峰高。本文提出根据两次间隔滴定观测到的峰高获得分析结果的方法。     

恒电流库仑滴定装置的自动化

介绍了恒电流库仑滴定装置的结构与原理,对电解电流的自动恒定以及利用计算机对库仑滴定过程进行自动控制做了探索。     

铁粉还原库仑法测定钛

本文首次提出以铁粉作还原剂测定钛的库仑方法。在高纯氮气保护下,利用铁粉和硫酸反应后生成的新生氢将钛(Ⅳ)还原为钛(Ⅲ),后者再用恒电流库仑法电生铁(Ⅲ)进行滴定。     

用电生碘离子库仑滴定微量钯

钯的库仑分析主要用恒电位库仑法,恒电流库仑滴定法到目前为止很少见有文献报导。曾有过用一硫代乙二醇汞化合物电生巯基库仑滴定贵金属其中包括钯的工作报导,但由于方法选择性差,难以实际分析应用。利用钯同碘离子生成难溶沉淀的反应,在分析上已成功地用于安培滴定钯和电位滴定钯中。为了测定微量钯,作者在研究利用Ag-AgI电极发生碘离子作库仑滴定剂测定银     

恒电流库仑法测定基准试剂三氧化二砷的含量

用恒电流库仑法测定基准试剂三氧化二砷的含量，以恒电流通过含有碘化钾，基准试剂三氧化二砷试样的弱碱性水溶液，利用工作电极铂阳极上电生滴定剂I2与亚砷酸盐定量反应，以死停终点法确定滴定终点，测量出电解电流和电解时间，根据法拉第电解定律并利用EXCEL计算出基准试剂三氧化二砷的含量。方法的回收率为100％。     

简易恒电流库仑滴定和电流滴定两用仪

库仑滴定是灵敏而准确的一种分析方法,在仪器分析中占有一定位置。但在安排仪器分析实验时,往往由于缺乏商品仪器,难以满足教学的要求。为此,我们参考有关资料,因陋就简,就地取材,制成简易恒电流库仑滴定和电流滴定两用仪。以供教学及常规分析之用。在实验条件下测定,电流效率达99％以上,恒电流源稳定在0.2％范围内。     

近年物理化学滴定进展

评述了近五年国内外物理化学滴定（用作图确定终点）的新进展，内容包括：（１）光学滴定（含光度、荧光、磷光、化学发光滴定）；（２）电滴定（含电位、电导、电流、库仑滴定）；（３）量热滴定。每类滴定均再按滴定用介质分为水介质和非水介质滴定，按滴定反应分为酸－碱、氧化－还原、络合、沉淀滴定，按滴定方式分为直接滴定、代滴、回滴。引用文献１０６篇。     

双中间体庫仑计——用电生铁和锰测量电量

在控制电势库仑分析时,电流是改变着的,测量电量的方法,可分为化学库仑计和电流-时间积分计两大类。已有的化学库仑计有重量库仑计、滴定库仑计、气体库仑计、比色库仑计及电量库仑计数种。重量库仑计及滴定库仑计操作较繁,且前者不适于小电量的测量。比色库仑计仅适于测小电量,但不够准确,且需要光度计等特殊仪器。气体库仑计结构简单,操     

恒电流库仑分析法测定维生素C等药物

以恒电流库仑分析法测定维生素C、安乃近、二巯丙醇等药物的含量,以永停终,最法指示库仑滴定终点,方法简便快速,相对误差为0．21％～0．28％,相对标准偏差（n=11）为0．027％～0．034％。     

库仑络合滴定 Ⅰ.微量铈的库仑络合滴定

Reilley和Porterfield^[1]首先提出了库仑络合滴定的方法,用恒电流电解Hg(Ⅱ)-EDTA产生的EDTA滴定一系列元素;其后Monk等^[2~6]应用于测定微量元素:钙、镍、铜、锌、锶、镉、钡、铅、钇、铈、钕、钍、镓.但由于其选择性不高,从而限制了该法的进一步发展.     

ICP—AES法测定玫瑰花、金银花中多种微量元素

研究了用微波消解ICP—AES对玫瑰花、金银花中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Na、Ca6种元素进行测定的方法,优化了ICP—AES的工作参数,考察了消解液的种类及用量对测定结果的影响,选择玫瑰花的消解液为V（HNO,）＋V（HClO4）：5＋3,金银花的消解液为V（HNO,）＋V（HClO4）=10＋3。结果表明,6种元素的检出限在0．005～0．021μg／mL之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于8％,回收率为95．6％～103．9％,该法用于玫瑰花、金银花中元素的测定,结果令人满意。金银花、玫瑰花中含有丰富的微量元素,对人体健康十分有益。     

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of azithromycin at a glassy carbon electrode modified by electrochemical oxidation.

The adsorptive and electrochemical behaviors of azithromycin were investigated on a glassy carbon electrode that was electrochemically treated by anodic oxidation at +1.8 V, following potential cycling in the potential range from -0.8 to +1.0 V. The resulting electrode showed good activity to improve the electrochemical response of the drug. An adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the determination of azithromycin at an electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode has been developed. Azithromycin was accumulated in phosphate buffer, pH 6, at a potential of +0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl electrode) for a certain time, and then determined by differential pulse voltammetry. The oxidative peak current at +0.82 V, at a scan rate of 20 mV s(-1), was a linear function of the concentration in the ranges of 0.25 - 2 microg mL(-1) and 1 - 10 microg mL(-1) using a 240 or 60 s(-1) preconcentration time, respectively. Application of the method to the determination of azithromycin in pharmaceuticals resulted in an acceptable deviation from the stated concentration. The preconcentration medium-exchange approach was utilized for the selective determination of the drug in spiked urine samples with satisfactory results. The peak current was linear with the drug concentration in the range of 0.5 - 3.5 microg per mL urine. The detection limit was 0.2 microg mL(-1) urine. The recovery levels of the method reached 96.3%.     

Determination of Inorganic Arsenic Species by Electrochemical Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Selective Electrochemical Reduction

A new direct procedure for the determination of inorganic arsenic species was developed by electrochemical hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry （EcHG-AAS） with selective electrochemical reduction. The determination of inorganic arsenic species is based on the fact that As（Ⅲ） shows significantly higher absorbance at low electrolytic currents than As（Ⅴ） in 0.3 mol·L^-1 H2SO4. The electrolytic current used for the determination of As（Ⅲ） without considerable interferences of As（Ⅴ） was 0.4 A, whereas the current for the determination of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） was 1.2 A. For equal concentrations of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） in a sample, the interferences of As（Ⅴ） during the As（Ⅲ） determination were smaller than 5%. The absorbance for As（Ⅴ） could be calculated by subtracting that for As（Ⅲ） measured at 0.4 A from the total absorbance for As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） measured at 1.2 A, and then the concentration of As（Ⅴ） can be obtained by its calibration curve at 1.2 A. The methodology developed provided the detection limits of 0.3 and 0.6 ng·mL^-1 for As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ）, respectively. The relative standard deviations were of 3.5% for 20 ng·mL^-1 As（Ⅲ） and 3.2% for 20 ng·mL^-1 As（Ⅴ）. The method was successfully applied to determination of soluble inorganic arsenic species in Chinese medicine.     

Amperometric determination of lactate dehydrogenase based on a carbon fiber microcylinder electrode modified covalently with Toluidine Blue O by acylation

A method has been developed for the modification of a carbon fiber microcylinder electrode with acylation. The stability and surface coverage of the Toluidine Blue O-modified microelectrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode showed significant activity for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH in pH 6.8-7.8 solution. The catalytic current increased linearly with increasing concentration of NADH from 4.0 x 10(-5) to 1.5 x 10(-3) M. A simple amperometric determination based on electrochemical detection of NADH produced from the enzymatic reaction of lactate with NAD(+) under the catalysic effect of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is reported. The experimental factors which had primary influence on the analytical performance were studied. The sensor had a linear response over a range of LDH concentrations from 5.0 U l(-1) to 200 U l(-1) at -0.2 V vs. SCE under optimum conditions. A satisfactory result was obtained for the determination of LDH in clinical blood samples.     

电活化玻碳电极差分脉冲伏安法测定水杨酸的研

采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法对水杨酸在电活化玻碳电极上的电化学行为进行研究.在pH7.0的PBS溶液中,将玻碳电极用恒电位法在+1.7V电位阳极氧化400 s.在0.2 mol·L- NaOH溶液中,水杨酸在0.602 V处有一良好的氧化峰,其氧化峰电流与扫描速率在0.02～0.2 V·s-1范围内呈良好线性关系,表...     

钛掺杂对不同形貌LiCoO2电化学性能的影响

采用SEM、XRD、恒电流充放电、电化学交流阻抗谱等方法研究了钛掺杂对不同形貌LiCoO2电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 钛掺杂在不改变材料晶体结构的情况下, 能显著地改善LiCoO2的电化学性能, 且在较高倍率放电制度下(1 C), 掺杂对不同形貌LiCoO2的放电电压平台的影响效果不同. 掺杂后的二次粒子团聚体以1 C放电, 20次循环后3.8 V平台(电压大于3.8 V时的放电容量占总放电容量的百分比) 的保持率为60％, 优于掺杂后的大粒径一次粒子分散体的平台保持率(40％). 电化学交流阻抗谱研究表明, 钛掺杂对于抑制LiCoO2二次粒子在高倍率放电制度下循环过程中电化学阻抗的增加更为有效.     

Electrochemical Formation of Nanostructured Gold Surfaces on Glassy Carbon for the Determination of Dopamine

Nanostructured gold surfaces were prepared by potentiostatic, potentiodynamic or galvanostatic Au electrodeposition on glassy carbon electrodes. The nanostructured gold electrodes (nsAu/GC) were used for the determination of dopamine (DA) in aqueous media. A directly proportional relationship was found between the peak current for DA (obtained by square wave voltammetry, SWV) and its concentration for all cases. However, the best performance for DA determination was attained with potentiodynamically electrodeposited surfaces. The SWV peak current was linearly dependent on DA concentration up to 10 μM, with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.57 μM, and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9966. A study on the effect of common interfering species such as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) on DA determination was also carried out. The use of a nanostructured surface gives rise to peaks for AA and UA that appear at 0.15–0.20 V above the peak potential for DA. The detection limit obtained for dopamine is below 1 μM in the presence of 0.1 mM AA and 0.1 mM UA. Thus, nanostructuring of glassy carbon surfaces with gold conveniently and easily improves the detection of DA in the presence of their principal interfering species.     

Subspeciation of NiS in sulfidic nickel by carbon paste electrode voltammetry

A new procedure is described for the determination of NiS in a carbon paste electrode (CPE) by cathodic stripping voltammetry in pH 5 acetate. The method was developed with both synthetic NiS and millerite. A cathodic scan from +0.3 to -0.8 V with accumulation at +0.3 V for 60 s gave rise to a cathodic peak at ca. -0.5 V for NiS measurement. This cathodic peak was traced to the reduction of a sulfur-rich sulfide layer or sulfur, which could result from applying a positive potential to NiS. The current plot showed a linear range of 90-1180 mug and a detection limit of 20 mug NiS. The interference by Ni(3)S(2) was significant under these conditions, but was minimized by lowering the initial accumulation potential to 0.0 V. For validation, two series of known mixtures of NiS with either Ni(3)S(2) or NiS(2) were prepared in the following ratios: 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9. Recoveries of NiS from both series of mixtures were 93-109%, except for the 1:9 mixtures of NiS/Ni(3)S(2) or NiS/NiS(2), where recoveries of NiS were 152.0 and 120.0%, respectively. This method was applied to three millerite samples with pretreatment of CPE at -0.8 V for 30 s, which showed 34.80, 64.50 and 43.74 wt.% of NiS for the three samples. They correlated with 35.20, 60.80 and 39.70 wt.% of NiS, respectively, obtained by total nickel analysis of the acid digests of the mineral.     

β-环糊精修饰碳糊电极测定盐酸青藤碱

研究盐酸青藤碱在β-环糊精(β-CD)修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为,在此基础上建立了测定盐酸青藤碱的电化学新方法。盐酸青藤碱在β-CD修饰碳糊电极上是受吸附控制的电化学反应过程,在p H 6.6的柠檬酸–柠檬酸钠底液中,盐酸青藤碱在β-CD修饰碳糊电极上产生一对良好的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为0.458 V和0.086 V。氧化峰电流与盐酸青藤碱的质量浓度在3.658 5~91.462 5 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数为0.995 4,检出限为1.229 3 mg/L。该方法应用于正清风痛宁片中盐酸青藤碱含量的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.82%(n=7),回收率在95.7%~107.4%之间。该方法简便、快速,结果准确,可用于盐酸青藤碱的测定。     

卡维地洛的电化学测定及与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

建立了测定卡维地洛(CAR)新的电化学方法.结合紫外、红外光谱分析,研究了CAR与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.实验发现,在pH4.0Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,CAR在碳糊电极上产生3个不可逆的氧化峰.以0.92V处的氧化峰为研究对象,结果发现峰电流Ipa,1与CAR浓度在2.45×10-5～1.19×10-3mol/L范围呈良好的线性关系,CAR的检出限为5.6×10-6mol/L.当BSA加入CAR溶液后,CAR峰电流降低,氧化峰电流的降低值△Ipa,1与BSA的浓度在2.92×10-7～1.09×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,BSA的检出限为4.1×10-8mol/L.电化学结果表明,CAR与BSA之间形成1∶1的结合物,结合常数为3.14×106L/mol.紫外光谱表明CAR的加入使BSA的吸收峰发生红移且有增色效应.红外光谱表明CAR与BSA分子中氨基酸残基的硫及氮原子形成键合作用.