CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF 4-ZINC BOVINE INSULIN AT 1.9 (?) RESOLUTION

With the isomorphous difference Fourier method and the restrained least-squares re-finement technique, the crystal structure of 4- zinc bovine insulin in space group R_3 wasdetermined. The final crystallographic residual is 0. 19 at 1. 9A resolution. Based on therefined model, the structural mechanism for prolonged action of 4- zinc insulin is discussed.     

STUDIES ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF Al-(D-TRYPTOPHAN) INSULIN

We have determined the crystal structure of Al-(D-Trp) insulin and discovered that it belongs to the trigonal system with space group R3. The parameters of the unit cell are a=b=78.6, c=50.0. A set of data for half a sphere reciprocal space to a spacing of 2.2 were collected. The model was adjusted and refined by using a step-by-step approach and a stereochemically-restrained least squares program, assisted by manual revision based on the difference Fourier maps, to a final R-factor of 0.218. The main and side chains of both Al-D-Trp residues in the asymmetric unit are well ordered. The packing of Al-(D-Trp) insulin in the unit cell, the conformational differences with other insulin structures and its structure and function relationship bave also been discussed.     

对—乙酰苯基二茂铁的晶体结构

单取代二茂铁化合物,尤其是单取代芳基二茂铁化合物,当芳基为带有各种不同取代基苯时,中心铁原子的氧化还原电势会产生相应的变化,茂环上屹化学位移也明显地与Hammett常数相关。在对-乙酰苯基二茂铁的电化学研究中已经证明,它的氧化势     

高分子介质对银盐扩散转移过程的影响

分散在高分子介质中的物理显影核层作为影像接受层,是CTP版材的重要组成部分.本文采用线阵CCD及银量测定法研究了三种高分子作为物理显影核的介质对物理显影过程及版材性能的影响.结果表明,PVA-Ⅰ、PVA-Ⅱ减慢扩散转移过程并降低版材的反差,而PVP对扩散转移过程有轻微促进作用.此外还用扫描电镜方法观察了物理显影银的表面堆积状态,发现银堆积状态与介质的种类及涂布量有关.     

18-冠-6铵与硫氰酸银配合物的晶体和分子结构

用凝胶法生长出规则八面体形无色配合物单晶体,在ENRAF-NONLUSCAD4四园衍射仪上,用2461个独立可观察衍射数据,用Patterson函数法和多次△F合成,得到配合物的全部结构参数。结构偏差因子R=0.072,R_w=0.081晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P_(21)/n。晶胞参数:a=9.032(2),b=14.243(4),C=35.092(6),β=105.5°,Z=4。晶体密度的计算值:D_(eal)=1.546g/cm~3。经元素分析和X射线结构分析,确定晶体的化学式为[(NH_4)(18C6)]_2[Ag_2相似文献   

卤化银微晶的含碘结构的测定

用超薄切片法及X-射线线扫描法研究了半个碘溴化银微晶中碘的成层分布,结果与预想的碘的分布相一致。横扫过薄样品的X-射线线扫描提供了一个比较准确的测定含有不同碘量成层结构的技术。这有助于我们改进碘溴化银乳剂的制备。文章还讨论了在该种工作条件下,X-射线源的空间分辨率和超薄切片的厚度。 利用这种方法,把一种商用多层彩色片做超薄切片,用X-射线线扫描法直接对超薄切片中卤化银微晶的断面扫描,得到了各个轧剂层中的卤化银微晶的含碘结构。     

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTION MODEL OF INSULIN MONOMER

The extensive conformational comparisons among the determined structures of the differeat species and crystal forms of insulin and the varied insulin derivatives were performed by using the least-squares superimposition technique and the graphics technique. The results of the investigation showed that the structure of molecule I in 2Zn insulin was closer to that of the natural monomer; the conformational difference between two molecules of a dimer came out during dimerization and it was further improved and stabilized during the hexamerization and packing of hexamers in crystal; through the hinge peptides, such as A10, B4, B8, B24, B20 and B23, there was a flexible relative motion among the structural segments in the insulin molecule, and the residues at the B-chain C-terminal might have a shift of more than 10; the mobility for each residue side-chain was very different due to the different surroundings.     

多结构立方体溴碘化银乳剂微晶壳层制备的研究

本文研究了多结构立方体溴碘化银乳剂微晶的壳层制备。在壳层制备过程中,pAg值、TAI和氨能明显影响晶体的生长和再成核过程。对立方体AgBr晶体而言,包壳速度相同时,再成核晶体数随包壳时pAg值的增加或TAI的存在而增加,随着氨的存在而下降。当TAI存在时,晶体习性由立方体转向八面体。在本实验条件下,当制备壳层的包壳速度比达到1:3.3时,乳剂的感光度有明显的增加。核壳银量比对乳剂的感光度也有明显的影响,当核壳银量比由0.83:1上升到4.5:1时,感光度上升了大约80%,而灰雾几乎没有变化。     

MOLECULAR CLOSE-PACKING METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF DESHEXAPEPTIDE (B25--B30) INSULIN

Based on the molecule-packing theory, we defined a molecule-packing function express-ing the compatibility of packing among the symmetry-related molecules in a unit cell. Acomputer program imitating the close-packing of molecules in the objective crystal latticeand giving the function value of each rotation and translation of the molecule in the unitcell was performed, and it therefore made the close-packing of molecules expressquantitatively. This method not only could judge a correct solution from several peaks ofthe rotation or translation function but it may also independently, quantitatively and quicklysolve some specific problems of rotation and translation. Using known structure of despenta-peptide (B26--B30) insulin as an example, the effectiveness of this method and its programwas inspected, and this method was successfully applied to solving the translation problem ofthe unknown structure of deshexapeptide (B25--B30) insulin. The molecular close-packingmethod proved by the results of R--search     

DETERMINATION AND REFINEMENT OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHAIDAMUITE

Chaidamuite (ZnFe(SO_4)_2(OH). 4H_2O), which is a new sulphate mineral, belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1, with the cell parameters corrected by the least-squares method: a=7.309(2), b=7.202(2), c=9.691(3), α=89.64(3), β=105.89(3), γ=91.11(2)°, Z=2. The crystal structure has been determined by the Patterson method and Fourier syntheses and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method to an R factor of 0.032, using 2833 independent reflections. In the structure, a zigzag chain consists of [Fe(1)O_5(OH)] and [Fe(2)O_5(OH)] octahedra sharing the OH corners, and an octahedral-tetrahedral chain running parallel to the b axis consists of the zigzag chain of Fe octahedra and (SO_4) tetrahedra sharing four pairs of octahedral corners on either side of the zigzag chains. These chains are cross-linked by the isolated [Zn(1)O_2(H_2O)_4] and [Zn(2)O_2(H_2O)_4] octahedra into corrugated sheets parallel to the (100) plane. Adjacent sheets are hydrogenbonded through water molecules.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF MUNG BEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR LYSINE ACTIVE FRAGMENT WITH BOVINE TRYPSIN AT 1.8 ÅRESOLUTION

The structure of the complex of mung bean trypsin inhibitor lysine active fragment with bovine trypsin has been determined at a resolution of 1.8 Å by A-ray crystallographic analysis and the complex model refined by restrained least-squares minimization with the data between 10 Å and 1.8 Å resolution.The current conventional R factor is 17.3%, and the model con-tains 1648 protein atoms, 219 inhibitor atoms and 126 water molecules.Themost prominent feature of the inhibitor fragment is that it does not containany alpha-helices.Most of the chain fold in an irregular fashion.The seven residues of the binding segment of the inhibitor lysine active frag-ment are in specific contact with bovine trypsin.The binding interactionand geometry around the reactive site are similar to that observed in otherstudies of trypsin-inhibitor complexes.     

THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF BINDING INTERACTION OF INSULIN MOLECULE WITH ITS RECEPTOR

Detailed structural comparisons and investigation of DPI, 2Zn insulin and some other derivatives of insulin were performed by the least-squares superimposition technique and the graphics technique. It is pointed out in this paper that the binding interaction with the receptor molecule should take place mainly on an amphipathic surface of the insulin molecule. In the middle, there is a hydrophobic surface with an area of about 150 consisting of many hydrophobic residues; while the polar or charged groups distributing around the hydro. phobic surface construct a hydrophilic zone. The hydrophobic surface is usually covered by the extended B-chain C-terminal peptides with great mobility and protected from the solvent molecules. The angle between the amphipathic surface and the surface of dimerization is about 20 degrees. The results from the detailed structural comparison between A1-(L-Trp) insulin and A1-(D-Trp) insulin have provided a very good explanation to their great difference in biological activity,     

STRUCTURE OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL URFA6L GENE AND tRNA~(Lys) GENE FROM CARP

The carp mitochondrial URFA6L gene consists of 165 base pairs. The overall structural organization of the gene is very similar to that of the Xenopus URFA6L gene. Their nucleotide sequences exhibit 68% homology. The carp URFA6L gene encodes a protein of 54 amino acids. The amino acid composition of the protein is unusual because almost half of the residues consist of 5 hydrophobic amino acids(proline, tryptophan, leueine, isoleueine and tyrosine). A comparison between the amino acid sequences of 5 vertebrate URFA6L proteins and the yeast ATPase8 showed that they have weak but very important common structural features, suggesting that the vertebrate URFA6L proteins may function asATPase8. The nucleotide sequence of the lysine tRNA gene from carp has been determined and represented in cloverleaf secondary structure. Similar to amphibian and mammalian mitochondrial tRNA~(Lys) genes, the carp mitochondrial tRNA~(Tys) gene also has some unusual structural features as compared with its cytoplasmic counterpart     

氯化钕与二甲亚砜配合物的晶体结构

[Nd(DMSO)_5(H_2O)_3]Cl_3·H_2O的单晶用ENRAF-NONIUS CAD 4型四圆衍射仪收集衍射数据进行结构分析,最终偏离因子R=0.036。晶体属三斜晶系空间群P_1,晶胞参数a=9.800(1),b=10.531(1),c=14.757(2);α=93.07(1),β=100.2l(1),γ=99.71(1)°;Z=2。结构分析证实:晶胞中有二个[Nd(DMSO)_5(H_2O)_3]Cl_3·H_2O分子。Nd与五个DMSO及三个H_2O中的氧形成八配位的畸变三角十二面体结构。Cl~-与络阳离子通过离子键相互作用。[Tb(DMSO)_5(H_2O)_3)Cl_3·H_2O的晶胞参数与之相近,有类似的结构。     

三氟醋酸钆的晶体结构

测定了[Gd(CFCOO)_3·3H_2O]_2的晶体结构属单斜晶系,空间群为P2_1/c.Z=2.晶胞参数a=9.192(3),b=18.890(1),c=9.785(3);β=113.84(2)°.[Eu_(0.1)Gd_(0.9)(CF_3COO))3·3H_2O]_2的光谱构分析表明稀土离子周围的局部对称性可能是C_2(C_s)和C_2h。     

鱼明胶介质中AgBr/I纳米粒子的生长与感光性能

本文以鱼明胶为分散介质,采用双注法制备AgBr/I纳米粒子乳剂,控制银盐与卤溶液的注入速率(R),以TEM观测了粒子的生长,据此探讨了该乳剂中AgBr/I纳米粒子平均粒径(d)及分布(±σ)与反应条件的关系.发现在R为1.3 mmol/min^-8 mmol/min范围内,随R增大,d减小,R-d间呈良好的线性关系.除个别外,±σ值变化不明显.对于该纳米粒子乳剂采用二氧化硫脲进行化学敏化,结果表明:适当增加二氧化硫脲的加入量和延长敏化时间,均可有效提高乳剂的感光度,并有助于改善其低照度互易律失效,此外还揭示了曝光光源色温对该乳剂感光性能的影响.     

LIPOGENESIS STIMULATORY AND INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF THE INSULIN MEDIATORS

Incubating plasma membranes prepared from pig liver with varying concentrations of insulin (50—1000 μU/ml) resulted in the release of at least two insulin chemical mediators. One of them was fraction 1 of insulin mediator (M. W. 3700—4000 daltons) which had a significant lipogenesis-stimulatlug activity. The other was fraction 2 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 1000 daltons) which exhibited a lipogenesis-inhibitory activity.The ratio of yield between the two mediators produced from the membranes was not only dependent on the concentration but also on the potency of insulin and its analogs added. The result showed that there was more production of fraction 2 than fraction 1 with the inducer at low concentration (100 μU/ml), while the production of fraction 1 from the plasma membranes incubated with high concentration of insulin (300 μU/ml) was higher than fraction 2. On the other hand, insulin and its analogs which have different biological activities and receptor bindtng activities have been used t     

双邻苯二酚锑二甲基羟乙铵的晶体结构

含锑配合物是治疗血吸虫病、肿瘤等的常用药物,我们曾对双邻苯二酚锑二乙基羟乙胺进行了晶体结构测定,本文简要报导双邻苯二酚锑二甲基羟乙胺的结构.锑化合物的制法与其二乙基羟乙铵衍生物类似.产物为淡黄色晶体,它在水溶液中长时间放置会变成紫黑色,因此,制得的晶体须立即用丙酮溶解进行重结晶.晶体的密度为1.667g/cm~3.按C_(16)H_(20)O_5NSb的元素分析结果(％)如下:Sb 28.3(28.5),C 43.9(44.9),N 3.3(3.3),H 4.7(4.7).括号内为理论值.     

尼龙-1010结晶结构

用WAXD方法测定了Nylon-1010为三斜晶系结晶结构;α=4.9(?),b=5.4(?),c=27.8(?),α=49°,β=77°,γ=63.5°,每个聚合物单胞含有一个重复单元,空间群为P(?)。模压试样用Ruland方法分析结晶度为60％。以上。电子密度相关函数法分析了SAXS现象,求得了Nylon-1010结晶片层厚度、过渡层厚度、长周期、比内表面及电子密度差。     

银离子在二氧化硅粒子表面上的成核反应

在含有乙醇的SiO₂溶胶中,Ag⁺不管在碱性、中性或在弱碱、弱酸情况下都能在SiO₂粒子表面上还原成核,形成金属Ag颗粒.研究表明,银的等离子体共振吸收峰的移动是尺寸效应和表面效应共同作用的结果.