CO Selective Oxidation in Hydrogen-Rich Gas over Copper-Series Catalysts

The performances of CO selective oxidation in hydrogen-rich gas over four catalytic systems of CuO/ZrO2, CuO/MnO2, CuO/CoO and CuO/CeO2 were compared. The reducibility of these catalysts and the effect of CuO and CeO2 molar ratio of CuO/CeO2 catalysts on the activity of selective CO oxidation are investigated by XRD and TPR methods. The results show that the catalysts with the exception of CuO/ZrO2 have the interactions between CuO and CoO, CeO2 or MnO2, which result in a decrease in the reduction temperature. Among the catalysts studied, CuO/ZrO2 catalyst shows the lowest catalytic activity while CuO/CeO2 catalyst exhibits the best catalytic performance. The CuO(10%)/CeO2 catalyst attains the highest CO conversion and selectivity at 140 and 160℃. The addition of 9% H2O in the reactant feed decreases the activity of CuO/CeO2 catalyst but increases its CO selectivity.     

Influence of lanthanum on the performance of Zr-Co/activated carbon catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The influence of La loading on Zr-Co/activated carbon （AC） catalysts has been studied for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, TPR, CO-TPD, and temperature programmed CO hydrogenation. The catalytic property was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor. The experimental results showed that CO conversion increased from 86.4% to 92.3% and the selectivity to methane decreased from 14.2% to 11.5% and C5＋ selectivity increased from 71.0% to 74.7% when low La loading （La = 0.2wt%） was added into the Zr-Co/AC catalyst. However, high loadings of La （La = 0.3-1.0 wt%） would decrease catalyst activity as well as the C5＋ selectivity and increase methane selectivity. XRD results displayed that La-modified Zr-Co/AC catalyst had little effect on the dispersion of Co catalyst. But, the results of TPR, CO-TPD, and temperature programmed CO hydrogenation techniques indicated that the extent of cobalt reduction was found to greatly influence the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The addition of a small amount of La increased the reducibility of the Zr-Co/AC catalyst and restrained the formation of methane and improved the selectivity to long chain hydrocarbons. However, excess of La led to the decrease of the reducibility of Co catalyst thus resulted in higher methanation activity.     

Effect of manganese on the catalytic performance of an iron-manganese bimetallic catalyst for light olefin synthesis

A systematic study was carried out to investigate the promotion effect of manganese on the performance of a coprecipitated iron-manganese bimetallic catalyst for the light olefins synthesis from syngas. The catalyst samples were characterized by N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy, H2-differential thermogravimetric analysis (H2-DTG), CO temperature-programmed reduction (CO-TPR) and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) performance of the catalyst was measured at 1.5 MPa, 250 C and syngas with H2 /CO ratio of 2.0. The characterization results indicated that the addition of manganese decreases the catalyst crystallite size, and improves the catalyst BET surface area and pore volume. The presence of manganese suppresses the catalyst reduction and carburization in H2 , CO and syngas, respectively. The addition of manganese improves the catalytic activity of water-gas shift reaction and suppresses the oxidation of iron carbides in the FTS reaction. The incorporation of manganese improves the catalyst surface basicity and results in a significant improvement in the selectivities to light olefins and heavy hydrocarbons (C5+ ), and furthermore an inhibition of methane formation in FTS. The pure iron catalyst (Mn-00) has the highest initial FTS catalytic activity (65%) and the lowest selectivity (17.35 wt%) to light olefins (C=2-C=4 ). The addition of an appropriate amount of manganese can improve the catalyst FTS activity.     

PROMOTING EFFECTS OF Cs ON Fe/AlPO_4-5 CATALYST FOR CO HYDROGENATION

The positive effects of Cs added to Fe/AIPO_4-5 catalysts in CO hy-drogenation were studied.Cs-modified Fe/AIPO_4-5 catalysts prepared by im-pregnating method using non-aqueous acetone solution of iron nitrate werefound to be active and selective for CO conversion and light olefins formation.The characterizations of catalysts by TPR,TPD,XPS and Mssbauer techniquesindicated that the Cs addition promoted the reduction of the catalyst and adsorp-tion of CO on the surface of the reduced catalysts.A strong interaction betweeniron and AlPO_4-5 support was revealed.The results show that the AlPO_4-5molecular sieves not only can be used as the support of catalyst but also cancontrol the growth of carbon chain of the products and maintain the activity ofthe catalyst for CO hydrogenation.     

Effects of pretreatment and reduction on the Co/Al2O3 catalyst for CO hydrogenation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preadsorbed CO at different temperatures, calcination temperatures, the combined influence of reduction temperature and time, and pretreatment using hydrogen or syngas as reduction agents on the F-T synthesis （FTS） activity and selectivity of Co/Al2O3 catalyst. The reactivity of the carbon species at higher preadsorption temperature with H2 in TPSR decreased, whereas the carbon-containing species showed higher reactivity over Co/Al2O3 catalyst with low calcination temperature. This agreed well with the order of catalytic activity for F-T synthesis on this catalyst. The catalytic activity of the catalyst varied with reduction temperature and time remarkably. CODEX optimization gave an optimum reduction temperature of 756 K and reduction time of 6.2 h and estimated C5＋ yield perfectly. The pretreatment of Co/Al2O3 catalyst with different reduction agents （hydrogen or syngas） showed important influences on the catalytic performance. A high CO conversion and C5＋ yield were obtained on the catalyst reduced by hydrogen, whereas methane selectivity on the catalyst reduced by syngas was much higher than that on the catalyst reduced by hydrogen.     

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over ruthenium-promoted Co/Al_2O_3 catalyst with different reduction procedures

The effect of reduction procedure on catalyst properties, activity and products selectivity of ruthenium-promoted Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated. Catalyst samples were reduced with different reduction gas compositions and passivated before being characterized by TPR and XRD techniques. Different activity and product selectivity analyses were also performed. These results showed that the catalyst dispersion, particle size, and the degree of reduction changed with different reduction gas compositions, which were resulted from the water partial pressures in reduction process that give varying degrees of interaction with the support. It has been suggested that the FTS activity of cobalt catalyst was directly dependent on the catalyst reducibility. A reduction gas with a molar ratio of H2/He = 1 was used to prevent the formation of Co-support compound during catalyst reduction.     

Effect of O2 and H2O on the tri-reforming of the simulated biogas to syngas over Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents from 7.5 wt% to 15 wt% were prepared by impregnation method. The effect of O2 and H2O on the combined reforming of the simulated biogas to syngas was investigated in a continuous flow fixed-bed micro-reactor. The stability of the catalyst was tested at 800 ℃. The results indicated that 10 wt%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activities for the combined reforming of the simulated biogas to syngas. Under the reaction conditions of the feed gas molar ratios CH4/CO2/O2/H2O = 2/1/0.6/0.6, GHSV = 24000 ml•g{cat}-1\cdoth-1 and the reaction temperatureT = 800 ℃, the conversions of CH4 and CO2 were 92.8% and 76.3%, respectively, and the yields of CO and H2 were 99.0% and 82.0%, respectively. The catalytic activities of the catalyst did not decrease obviously after 100 h reaction time on stream.     

Effects of Promoters on a Ru／Sepiolite Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Methanation

In this work, CO2 methanation has been investigated over Ru-based catalysts. The effects of promoters on the activity, selectivity and reduction properties of the Ru/sepiolite catalyst were analyzed by kinetic and thermodynamic methods. The catalysts were characterized by means of TPD. and the results revealed that the addition of Mo. Mn or Co improved tile properties of the Ru/sepiolite catalyst.The effects of promoters could affect the change of enthalpy,entropy and chemical potential.     

Synthesis and characterization of niobium-promoted cobalt/iron catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide

Bimetallic Co /Fe catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes( CNTs) were prepared,and niobium( Nb) was added as promoter to the 70 Co ∶30Fe /CNT catalyst. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized,and the catalytic performances were analyzed at the same operation conditions( H_2 ∶CO( volume ratio) = 2 ∶1,p = 1 MPa,and t = 260 ℃) in a tubular fixed-bed microreactor system. The addition of Nb to the bimetallic catalyst decreases the average size of the oxide nanoparticles and improves the reducibility of the bimetallic catalyst. Evaluation of the catalyst performance in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction shows that the catalyst results in high selectivity to methane,and the selectivity to C_(5+) increased slightly in the bimetallic catalyst unlike that in the monometallic catalysts. The addition of 1% Nb to the bimetallic catalyst increases CO conversion and selectivity to C_(5+). Meanwhile,a decrease in methane selectivity is observed.     

Kinetic Rates of the Fischer Tropsch Synthesis on a Co/Nb2O5 Catalyst

The kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction over a Co/Nb2O5 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor was investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out under isothermal and isobaric conditions (T=543 K, P=2.1 MPa) and under different conditions of several H2/CO feed molar ratio (0.49-4.79), space velocities (0.2-3.8 h-1), mass of catalyst (0.3-1.5 g), and CO conversion (10%-29%). Synthesis gas conversion was measured and data were reduced to estimate the kinetic parameters for different Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expressions. Differential and integral reactor models were used for the nonlinear regression of kinetics parameters. One of the rate equations could well explain the data. The hydrocarbon product distributions that were experimentally determined exhibited an unusual behavior, and a possible explanation was discussed.     

CO oxidation over supported Pt clusters at different CO coverage

CO adsorption and oxidation over supported Pt₁₄ with different CO coverage on TiO₂(110) surface were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and thermodynamic analysis. According to the phase diagram, Pt₁₄/TiO₂(110) and 11CO@Pt₁₄/TiO₂(110) were chosen to represent the low and high CO coverage of Pt clusters, respectively. Our study shows that the high coverage of CO can induce the structural change of supported Pt clusters and weaken the interaction between Pt clusters and TiO₂ support. The CO adsorption and oxidation mechanism depends on the CO coverage, which is determined by the experimental reactant composition, pressure, and temperature. At low CO coverage, the dissociated oxygen is active specie to form CO₂ by reacting with CO. At high coverage, the molecular oxygen can directly react with CO via the formation of OOCO intermediate. Our proposed mechanisms provide useful information for understanding the CO oxidation over Pt clusters with different CO coverage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

IR STUDIES OF THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF[Rh_6(CO)_(16) Co_4(CO)_(12)]/SiO_2: EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF RhCo_3(CO)_(12)/SiO_2

IntroductionThepreparativeapproachofaneffectivebilTldslliccatalystisalwaysasubjectofboortantsignificanceinheterogeneouscatalysis.InourrecentstUdies,wefoundthatthebAnetallitcarbonylclustercoCo3(CO)12favorablygivesthebAnetalliccoCo3clusterontheSiOZsubdueaft…     

Bismuth/Graphdiyne Heterostructure for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Formate

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction is great promising in alleviating the excessive CO₂ emission and the conversion to valuable productions. Herein we report the in-situ controlled growth of Bismuth nanoflower/graphdiyne heterostructures(Bi/GDY) for efficient CO₂ conversion toward formate. Based on GDY, the obtained electrocatalyst exhibits a partial current density of 19.2 mA/cm² and high reaction selectivity towards formate with a high Faradic efficiency of 91.7% at ‒1.03 V vs. RHE, and an energy efficiency of 58.8%. The high formate yield rates could be maintained at around 300 μmol/(cm²·h) over a wide potential range. Detailed characterizations show that the unique interface structures between GDY and Bi can enhance the charge transfer ability, increase the number of active sites, and improve the long-term stability, and finally reach high-performance electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to formate.     

CO在担载Ru催化剂上的吸脱附作用及其表面加氢反应

研究了担载于Al_2O_3和ZrO_2上的以Ru_3(CO)_(12)为前体的[Ru]和以RuCl_3为前体的Ru催化剂的TPR特性、CO吸脱附行为及其表面加H_2反应。担载于Al_2O_3上的[Ru]和Ru催化剂上部分物相较担载于ZrO_2上者难于还原。CO在氧化[Ru]催化剂上主要以Ru(CO)yO_2表面络合物形式存在,在还原[Ru]和Ru、以及氧化Ru催化剂上CO以吸附物种形式存在。在Ru离子上的CO比在Ru原子上者难于脱附。以ZrO_2为载体的[Ru]和Ru催化剂上的CO加H_2生成CH_4的性能显著优于以Al_2O_3为载体者,担载[Ru]催化剂上的CO加H_2性能略优于担载Ru催化剂。     

Orbital mechanism of upright CO activation on Fe(100)

The knowledge of bond activation forms a cornerstone for modern chemistry, wherein symmetry rules of electronic activation lie in the heart of bond activation. However, the question as to how a chemical bond is activated remains elusive. By taking CO activated on Fe(100), herein, we have resolved the long-standing fundamental question; we have found that excitations in the adsorbate feature the bond activation. We essentially have discovered contrasting electronic processes in respective σ and π electron systems of the adsorbed CO molecule. The σ electron system is involved in reversible hidden excitations/deexcitations between two occupied σ orbitals, whereas the π electron system is subject to irreversible π to π* excitations dispersed along the d-band region, which is coupled to the rotational 2π electron couplings depending on the strength of molecule-metal interactions. The σ excitations pertain to the Pauli repulsion mediated quantum nature with energy and entropy marked by the two energy levels, whereas the π to π* excitations fall into a new category of electronic excitations contributing to energy and entropy exchanges in a wide and continuous d-band region. The findings that the internal states of the adsorbate are excited and that fundamental connections between the frontier orbitals and low-lying orbitals are established as the molecule comes to the surface may open up new channels to realize more efficient bond activation and renew our thinking on probing the quantum mechanical nature of bond activation at surfaces with further possible impact on manipulation of orbital activation in femtochemistry and attochemistry.     

在TiO2上CO的光催化氧化

最近在“氧化的”TiO₂(即表面无氧空位和Ti³⁺)上进行的CO光催化氧化研究发现:室温下,以黑光灯(峰值λ=365nm)光照时,“氧化的”TiO₂无CO催化氧化的活性,但以杀菌灯(峰值λ=253.7nm)光照时,则对CO产生显著的催化活性.参照CO在过渡金属表面的催化氧化机理,对本现象进行了解释:黑光灯照时,O₂在TiO₂表面只生成O_2(a)^-,而O_2(a)^-不能使CO氧化,只有以杀菌灯照时,TiO₂表面产生O_(a)^-,CO氧化反应才能发生.     

由HRuCo_3(CO)_(12)制备的催化剂上CO加氢反应中含氧产物分布与表面酰基的关系

由HRuCo_3(CO)_(12)制备的催化剂在CO加氢反应中,若在初始阶段或温度较低的条件下,含氧产物大部分是甲醇;若增加反应时间或提高反应温度,C_2含氧化合物则是主要产物。原位红外光谱揭示了甲酰基和乙酰基分别是形成甲醇和C_2含氧化合物的中间体,而且乙酰基来自甲酰基与甲基的相互工作用。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的燃烧特性以及CO和CO2的生成机理

采用质谱，色谱和锥形量热仪研究了自由基聚合的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）燃烧过程中CO和CO2的生成机理及恒温条件下的燃烧情况，结果表明，在有氧条件下，自由基聚合的PMMA的解聚方式有三种，除了链末端的双键断裂和主链上的无规则C－C键的断裂外，还存在侧链酯基的断裂，其主要产物为CO2和CH3OH；在燃烧过程中，单体MMA的氧化主要的耗氧反应，其产物为CO2和少量的CO，并且CO2和CO的产率与反应温度以及样品的厚度基本无关，通过耗氧量估算得出，PMMA在空气中燃烧反应的热效应大约为22．9MJ/kg。     

色谱法同时测定羰化反应尾气中的O2、CO、CO2

提出用特制活性炭填充柱分离,热导检测器检测,以外标法定量,同时测定O2、CO、CO2。探讨了该方法的校正因子、各组分的线性相关性及微量氧气的分离和定量等。在选定的色谱条件下,O2与CO的分离度达1．7,各组分的相对标准偏差＜O．18％,绝对误差＜0．04％。