Well-Posedness of Initial-Boundary Value Problems for Piezoelectric Equations

The well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problems for quasi-electrostatic equations in a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary is proved. The quasi-electrostatic equation is the coupled system of the equations of motion and the equation of the quasistatic electric field. The mass density, the elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric tensors are bounded measurable functions in the domain, and these tensors satisfy the positivity and the symmetry. The initial conditions are given only for the mechanical displacement and its time derivative. The methods of proof are Galerkin's method, duality argument and energy inequality.     

Integrating Scalar Ordinary Differential Equations with Symmetry Revisited

The process of integrating an nth-order scalar ordinary differential equation with symmetry is revisited in terms of Pfaffian systems. This formulation immediately provides a completely algebraic method to determine the initial conditions and the corresponding solutions which are invariant under a one parameter subgroup of a symmetry group. To determine the noninvariant solutions the problem splits into three cases. If the dimension of the symmetry groups is less than the order of the equation, then there exists an open dense set of initial conditions whose corresponding solutions can be found by integrating a quotient Pfaffian system on a quotient space, and integrating an equation of fundamental Lie type associated with the symmetry group. If the dimension of the symmetry group is equal to the order of the equation, then there exists an open dense set of initial conditions whose corresponding solutions are obtained either by solving an equation of fundamental Lie type associated with the symmetry group, or the solutions are invariant under a one-parameter subgroup. If the dimension of the symmetry group is greater than the order of the equation, then there exists an open dense set of initial conditions where the solutions can either be determined by solving an equation of fundamental Lie type for a solvable Lie group, or are invariant. In each case the initial conditions, the quotient Pfaffian system, and the equation of Lie type are all determined algebraically. Examples of scalar ordinary differential equations and a Pfaffian system are given.     

Symmetries for initial value problems

In this letter we give a less restrictive condition compared to that given by Zhang and Chen (2010), for first order initial conditions to be recoverable with a particular classical or nonclassical symmetry generator. Examples are provided for the generalised Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation and a nonlinear diffusion equation with a sink term.     

Nonsymmetric ground states of symmetric variational problems

In this paper we study a minimization problem which is invariant by rotation. The corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations are semilinear elliptic equations in an exterior domain with Neumann boundary conditions. We prove that this minimization problem has at least one solution. Yet all its solutions are shown not to be rotationally invariant. Furthermore we describe how the radial symmetry is broken.     

Reduction and quotient equations for differential equations with symmetries

The method of reduction previously known in the theory of Hamiltonian systems with symmetries is developed in order to obtain exact group-invariant solutions of systems of partial differential equations. This method leads to representations of quotient equations which are very convenient for the systematic analysis of invariant solutions of boundary value problems. In the case of partially invariant solutions, necessary and sufficient conditions of their invariance with respect to subalgebras of symmetry algebras are given. The concept of partial symmetries of differential equations is considered.     

Hidden symmetries and nonlocal group generators for ordinary differential equations

Hidden symmetries of ordinary differential equations (ODEs)are studied with nonlocal group generators. General forms aregiven for an exponential nonlocal group generator of an ODEthat is reduced from a higher-order ODE, which is expressedin canonical variables and which is invariant under a two-parameterLie group. The nonlocal group generator identifies a type Ihidden symmetry. Type II hidden symmetries are found in somereduction pathways of an ODE invariant under a solvable, nonabelian,three-parameter Lie group. The algorithm for the appearanceof the type II hidden symmetry is stated. General forms forthe reduced nonlocal group generator, which identifies the typeII hidden symmetry, are presented when the other two commutingoriginal group generators are in normal form.     

Application of invariant imbedding to linear multipoint boundary value problems with general boundary conditions

Two extensions of the usual application of invariant imbedding to the solution of linear boundary value problems are presented. The invariant imbedding formulation of a linear two point boundary value problem in which functional relationships are given between the variables at either one or both of the boundary points is presented. Also, extension of invariant imbedding to linear multipoint boundary value problems is given. Using these extensions singly or in combination, a general multipoint boundary value of linear ordinary differential equations can be solved. In addition, the problems of infinite initial conditions and / or indeterminate initial derivatives are resolved. Numerical examples demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the method.     

Solving a nonlinear pde that prices real options using utility based pricing methods

We provide group invariant solutions to two nonlinear differential equations associated with the valuing of real options with utility pricing theory. We achieve these through the use of the Lie theory of continuous groups, namely, the classical Lie point symmetries. These group invariant solutions, constructed through the use of the symmetries that also leave the boundary conditions invariant, are consistent with the results in the literature. Thus it may be shown that Lie symmetry algorithms underlie many ad hoc methods that are utilised to solve differential equations in finance.     

On moments-preserving cosine families and semigroups in C[0, 1]

We use the newly developed Lord Kelvin’s method of images (Bobrowski in J Evol Equ 10(3):663–675, 2010; Semigroup Forum 81(3):435–445, 2010) to show existence of a unique cosine family generated by a restriction of the Laplace operator in C[0, 1] that preserves the first two moments. We characterize the domain of its generator by specifying its boundary conditions. Also, we show that it enjoys inherent symmetry properties, and in particular that it leaves the subspaces of odd and even functions invariant. Furthermore, we provide information on long-time behavior of the related semigroup.     

Existence Theory for Singular Initial and Boundary Value Problems: A Fixed Point Approach

In this paper we present some old and new existence results for singular initial and boundary value problems. Our nonlinearity may be singular in its dependent variable and is allowed to change sign.     

Boundary Value Problems for Degenerate Hyperbolic Systems of First Order Equations

In this paper we discuss some boundary value problems for degenerate hyperbolic complex equations of first order in a simply connected domain, in which the boundary value problems include the Riemann-Hilbert problem and the Cauchy problem. We first give the representation of solutions of the boundary value problems for the equations, and then prove the uniqueness and existence of solutions for the problems. In [A.V. Bitsadze (1988). Some Classes of Partial Differential Equations . Gordon and Breach, New York; A.V. Bitsadze and A.N. Nakhushev (1972). Theory of degenerating hyperbolic equations. Dokl. Akad. Nauk, SSSR , 204 , 1289-1291 (Russian); M.H. Protter (1954). The Cauchy problem for a hyperbolic second order equation. Can. J. Math ., 6 , 542-553], the authors discussed some boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations of second order.     

Infinite Systems of Quasilinear Differential Difference Inequalities and Applications

The article deals with the initial boundary value problem for an infinite system of first order quasilinear functional differential equations. A comparison result concerning infinite systems of differential difference inequalities is proved. A function satisfying such inequalities is estimated by a solution of a suitable Cauchy problem for an ordinary functional differential system. The comparison result is used in an existence theorem and in the investigation of the stability of the numerical method of lines for the original problem. A theorem on the error estimate of the method is given. The infinite system of first order functional differential equations contains, as particular cases, equations with a deviated argument and integral differential equations of the Volterra type.     

On Vortex Methods for Initial Boundary Value Problems

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四阶非线性常微分方程非线性两点边值问题解的存在唯一性

本文利用Ｂｏｌｚａｎｏ定理，给出了四阶非线性常微微分方程具有非线性边界条件的两点边值问题（１）（２）２，（１）（２）３存在解与存在唯一解的一般性结果，并将所得结果应用于Ｌｉｐｓｃｈｉｚ方程，对Ｌｉｐｓｃｈｉｔｚ方程满足边界条件（２）２，（２）３的边值问题给出了存在解与存在唯一解的具体的充分条件。     

Group invariant solution for a pre-existing fracture driven by a power-law fluid in impermeable rock

The effect of power-law rheology on hydraulic fracturing is investigated. The evolution of a two-dimensional fracture with non-zero initial length and driven by a power-law fluid is analyzed. Only fluid injection into the fracture is considered. The surrounding rock mass is impermeable. With the aid of lubrication theory and the PKN approximation a partial differential equation for the fracture half-width is derived. Using a linear combination of the Lie-point symmetry generators of the partial differential equation, the group invariant solution is obtained and the problem is reduced to a boundary value problem for an ordinary differential equation. Exact analytical solutions are derived for hydraulic fractures with constant volume and with constant propagation speed. The asymptotic solution near the fracture tip is found. The numerical solution for general working conditions is obtained by transforming the boundary value problem to a pair of initial value problems. Throughout the paper, hydraulic fracturing with shear thinning, Newtonian and shear thickening fluids are compared.     

Convex domains with stationary hot spots

Consider the problem of heat flow in a convex domain in ℝⁿ with Dirichlet boundary condition and constant initial temperature. We show that the solution has a fixed hot spot if the domain is invariant under the action of an essential symmetry group. © 1997 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart–John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

On Perturbed Discrete Boundary Value Problems

In this paper, we study nonlinear discrete boundary value problems of the form x ( t +1)= A ( t ) x ( t )+ h ( t )+ k f ( t , x ( t ), k ) subject to Bx (0)+ Dx ( J )= u + k g ( x (0), x ( J ), k ) where k is a "small" parameter. Our main concern is the case of resonance, that is, the situation where the associated linear homogeneous boundary value problem x ( t +1)= A ( t ) x ( t ), Bx (0)+ Dx ( J )=0 admits nontrivial solutions. We establish conditions for the solvability of the nonlinear boundary value problem when k is "small". We also establish qualitative properties of these solutions.     

Bifurcations on hemispheres

Summary It is now well known that the number of parameters and symmetries of an equation affects the bifurcation structure of that equation. The bifurcation behavior of reaction-diffusion equations on certain domains with certain boundary conditions isnongeneric in the sense that the bifurcation of steady states in these equations is not what would be expected if one considered only the number of parameters in the equations and the type of symmetries of the equations. This point was made previously in work by Fujii, Mimura, and Nishiura [6] and Armbruster and Dangelmayr [1], who considered reaction-diffusion equations on an interval with Neumann boundary conditions.As was pointed out by Crawford et al. [5], the source of this nongenericity is that reaction-diffusion equations are invariant under translations and reflections of the domain and, depending on boundary conditions, may naturally and uniquely be extended to larger domains withlarger symmetry groups. These extra symmetries are the source of the nongenericity. In this paper we consider in detail the steady-state bifurcations of reaction-diffusion equations defined on the hemisphere with Neumann boundary conditions along the equator. Such equations have a naturalO(2)-symmetry but may be extended to the full sphere where the natural symmetry group isO(3). We also determine a large class of partial differential equations and domains where this kind of extension is possible for both Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions.     

基于对数极坐标及对称循环矩阵的形状特征描述

在形状检索算法中,满足尺度和旋转不变是基本要求.本文将形状的边界用对数极坐标表示,使得形状的放缩和旋转化为简单的平移.由于计算机读取形状边界信息时与起点有关,当形状旋转时会带来边界点列的循环,影响旋转不变性.为消除边界点列循环带来的影响,本文首先证明"奇数阶对称循环矩阵,当生成元循环时,所得循环矩阵的特征值不变",在这个数学理论基础上,把形状边界点数插值到奇数,构造相应的对称循环矩阵,通过这个循环矩阵的特征值来描述形状特征,由此得到一种具有放缩旋转不变的形状检索新算法.实验表明,本文算法对运动目标和非刚性形变的形状检索具有良好的鲁棒性和快捷的运行速度,这在目标跟踪方面将发挥作用.