Bifurcation analysis on a diffusive Holling–Tanner predator–prey model

This paper is concerned with a diffusive Holling–Tanner predator–prey model subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. By choosing the ratio of intrinsic growth rates of predator to prey λ as the bifurcation parameter, we find that spatially homogeneous and non-homogeneous Hopf bifurcation occur at the positive constant steady state as λ varies. The steady state bifurcation of simple and double eigenvalues are intensively investigated. The techniques of space decomposition and the implicit function theorem are adopted to deal with the case of double eigenvalues. Our results show that this model can exhibit spatially non-homogeneous periodic and stationary patterns induced by the parameter λ. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.     

A ratio-dependent predator–prey model with diffusion

This paper deals with the existence and nonexistence of nonconstant positive steady-state solutions to a ratio-dependent predator–prey model with diffusion and with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. We demonstrate that there exists $a_0(b)$ satisfying $0<a_0(b)<m_1$ for $0<b<m_1$, such that if $0<b<m_1$ and $a_0(b)<a<m_1$, then the diffusion can create nonconstant positive steady-state solutions; whereas the diffusion cannot do provided $a>m_1$.     

Diffusive Holling–Tanner predator–prey models in periodic environments

In this paper, by using the Lyapunov method, we establish sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the positive periodic solution to diffusive Holling–Tanner predator–prey models with periodic coefficients and no-flux conditions.     

Two-patches prey impulsive diffusion periodic predator–prey model

In this paper, we study a periodic predator–prey system with prey impulsive diffusion in two patches. On the basis of comparison theorem of impulsive differential equation and other analysis methods, sufficient and necessary conditions on the predator–prey system where predator have not other food source are established. Two examples and numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the feasibility of our results. A conclusion is given in the end.     

The problem of the nonlinear diffusive predator–prey model with the same biotic resource

In recent years, the research on the diffusive predator–prey model has attracted much attention. In these models, the carrying capacity is considered as a constant. In 2013, H. M. Safuan investigated the system of a predator and prey that shares the same biotic resource, where the carrying capacity is a function of the time. The spatial component of ecological interactions has been recognized as an important factor. So, we will discuss the problem of the nonlinear diffusive predator–prey model with the same biotic resource. This model is the system of the nonlinear partial differential equations with zero-flux boundary condition. The main objective of the present paper is to investigate the existence and uniqueness of the solution of this model. In this paper, we also obtain that there is a unique solution of the nonlinear partial differential equations with Dirichlet boundary condition.     

A bioeconomic differential algebraic predator–prey model with nonlinear prey harvesting

In this paper, we propose a bioeconomic differential algebraic predator–prey model with Holling type II functional response and nonlinear prey harvesting. As the nonlinear prey harvesting is introduced, the proposed model displays a complex dynamics in the predator–prey plane. Taking into account of the economic factor, our predator–prey system is established by bioeconomic differential algebraic equations. The effect of economic profit on the proposed model is analyzed by viewing it as a bifurcation parameter. By jointly using the normal form of differential algebraic models and the bifurcation theory, the stability and bifurcations (singularity induced bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation) are discussed. These results obtained here reveal richer dynamics of the bioeconomic differential algebraic predator–prey model with nonlinear prey harvesting, and suggest a guidance for harvesting in the practical word. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the results.     

Chaotic dynamics of a discrete prey–predator model with Holling type II

A discrete-time prey–predator model with Holling type II is investigated. For this model, the existence and stability of three fixed points are analyzed. The bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits and Lyapunov exponents are obtained for different parameters of the model. The fractal dimension of a strange attractor of the model was also calculated. Numerical simulations show that the discrete model exhibits rich dynamics compared with the continuous model, which means that the present model is a chaotic, and complex one.     

Positive steady states of a diffusive predator–prey system with modified Holling–Tanner functional response

In this paper, we study a diffusive predator–prey system with modified Holling–Tanner functional response under homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. The qualitative properties, including the global attractor, persistence property, local and global asymptotic stability of the unique positive constant equilibrium are obtained. We also establish the existence and nonexistence of nonconstant positive steady states of this reaction–diffusion system, which indicates the effect of large diffusivity.     

On the dynamics of a predator–prey model with nonconstant death rate and diffusion

The main goal of this paper is to describe the global dynamic of a predator–prey model with nonconstant death rate and diffusion. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions under which the system is dissipative and permanent. We study the global stability of the nontrivial equilibrium, when it is unique. Finally, we show that there are no nontrivial steady state solutions for certain parameter configuration.     

Dynamics of impulsive reaction–diffusion predator–prey system with Holling type III functional response

An impulsive reaction–diffusion periodic predator–prey system with Holling type III functional response is investigated in the present paper. Sufficient conditions for the ultimate boundedness and permanence of the predator–prey system are established based on the upper and lower solution method and comparison theory of differential equation. By constructing an appropriate auxiliary function, the conditions for the existence of a unique globally stable positive periodic solution are also obtained. Some numerical examples are presented to verify our results. A discussion is given at the end.     

The effect of predator competition on positive solutions for a predator–prey model with diffusion

A diffusive predator–prey model with predator competition is considered under Dirichlet boundary conditions. Some existence and non-existence results are firstly obtained. Then by investigating the bifurcation of positive solutions, the multiplicity of positive solutions is established for suitably large m$m$. Furthermore, by meticulously analyzing the asymptotic behaviors of positive solutions when k$k$ goes to ∞$\infty$, we find that there is at most a positive solution for any c∈R$c\in R$ when k$k$ is sufficiently large. At last, some numerical simulations are presented to supplement the analytic results in one dimension.     

Dynamics of a delayed predator–prey model with predator migration

Based on the availability of prey and a simple predator–prey model, we propose a delayed predator–prey model with predator migration to describe biological control. We first study the existence and stability of equilibria. It turns out that backward bifurcation occurs with the migration rate as bifurcation parameter. The stability of the trivial equilibrium and the boundary equilibrium is delay-independent. However, the stability of the positive equilibrium may be delay-dependent. Moreover, delay can switch the stability of the positive equilibrium. When the positive equilibrium loses stability, Hopf bifurcation can occur. The direction and stability of Hopf bifurcation is derived by applying the center manifold method and the normal form theory. The main theoretical results are illustrated with numerical simulations.     

Bifurcations in a predator–prey model in patchy environment with diffusion

In this paper we formulate a predator–prey system in two patches in which the per capita migration rate of each species is influenced only by its own density, i.e. there is no response to the density of the other one. Numerical studies show that at a critical value of the bifurcation parameter the system undergoes a Turing bifurcation, i.e. the stable constant steady state loses its stability and spatially non-constant stationary solutions, a pattern emerge.     

Qualitative analysis of Holling type II predator–prey systems with prey refuges and predator restricts

This paper is devoted to investigation of Holling type II predator–prey systems with prey refuges and predator restricts. Using a transformation technique, we change the system into a generalized Liénard system and give sufficient conditions to ensure the global stability of the positive equilibrium and existence and uniqueness of a stable limit cycle. We also find the property of alternation for phase structure of the system.     

Complex patterns in a predator–prey model with self and cross-diffusion

In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of processes of pattern formation that involves organisms distribution and their interaction of spatially distributed population with self as well as cross-diffusion in a Beddington–DeAngelis-type predator–prey model. The instability of the uniform equilibrium of the model is discussed, and the sufficient conditions for the instability with zero-flux boundary conditions are obtained. Furthermore, we present novel numerical evidence of time evolution of patterns controlled by self as well as cross-diffusion in the model, and find that the model dynamics exhibits a cross-diffusion controlled formation growth not only to stripes-spots, but also to hot/cold spots, stripes and wave pattern replication. This may enrich the pattern formation in cross-diffusive predator–prey model.