An extremal property for a class of positive linear operators

We generalize a recent result of de la Cal and Cárcamo concerning an extremal property of Bernstein operators.     

An extremal problem for operators

Let A be a Banach algebra, F a compact set in the complex plane, and h a function holomorphic in some neighborhood of the set F. Thus h(a) is meaningful for each element a ε A whose spectrum σ(a) is contained in F, and it is possible to evaluate the norm |h(a)|. Problem: Compute the supremum of the norms |h(a) as a ranges over all elements of A with spectrum contained in F and whose norm does not exceed one; that is, compute sup{|h(a)|; a ε A, σ(a) ⊂ F, |a| ⩽ 1}. This problem was first formulated and treated by the author in the particular case where A is the algebra of all linear operators on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space and F is the disc {z; |z| ⩽ r} for a given positive number r<1. The paper discusses motivation, connections with complex function theory, convergence of iterative processes, critical exponents, and the infinite companion matrix.     

An extremal property of Hermite polynomials

Let H_n be the nth Hermite polynomial, i.e., the nth orthogonal on polynomial with respect to the weight w(x)=exp(−x²). We prove the following: If f is an arbitrary polynomial of degree at most n, such that |f||H_n| at the zeros of H_n+1, then for k=1,…,n we have f^(k)H_n^(k), where · is the norm. This result can be viewed as an inequality of the Duffin and Schaeffer type. As corollaries, we obtain a Markov-type inequality in the norm, and estimates for the expansion coefficients in the basis of Hermite polynomials.     

An extremal property of Fekete polynomials

The Fekete polynomials are defined as

where is the Legendre symbol. These polynomials arise in a number of contexts in analysis and number theory. For example, after cyclic permutation they provide sequences with smallest known norm out of the polynomials with coefficients.

The main purpose of this paper is to prove the following extremal property that characterizes the Fekete polynomials by their size at roots of unity.

Theorem 0.1. Let with odd and . If

then must be an odd prime and is . Here

This result also gives a partial answer to a problem of Harvey Cohn on character sums.

     

An extremal property of rectangular distributions

It is proved that the correlation coefficient between the elements of the order statistics is maximal for a rectangularly (uniformly) distributed population.     

An extremal property of convex hexagons

The following conjecture is discussed: if K is a plane convex figure and T is a triangle of maximal area contained in K, then K is contained in ?5 \sqrt {5} T. It is shown that it suffices to check the conjecture in the case where K is a convex hexagon, but the conjecture is proved only in the case where K is a pentagon. Bibliography: 2 titles.     

An extremal property of outer functions

Our main result is the following: iff (z) is in the space H², and F(z) is its outer part, then F⁽ⁿ⁾_H2F⁽ⁿ⁾_H2(n=1,2,...), the left side being finite if the right side is finite. Under certain essential restrictions, this. inequality was proved by B. I. Korenblyum and V. S. Korolevich [1].Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 53–56, July, 1971.     

An extremal property of the student distribution

The extrema of the distribution function of Student's ratio for observations of unequal accuracy are found.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 153, pp. 16–26, 1986.     

Aspects of local spectral theory for positive operators

In this paper we will discuss the local spectral behaviour of a closed, densely defined, linear operator on a Banach space. In particular, we are interested in closed, positive, linear operators, defined on an order dense ideal of a Banach lattice. Moreover, for positive, bounded, linear operators we will treat interpolation properties by means of duality.Dedicated to G. Maltese on the occasion of his 60^th birthday     

On the local spectral radius of positive operators

We give some sufficient conditions for subadditivity and submultiplicativity of the local spectral radius of bounded positive linear operators.

     

An extremal property of the permanent and the determinant

Given an n × n matrix A, define the n! × n! matrix Ã, with rows and columns indexed by the permutation group S_n, with (σ, τ) entry Πⁿ_i=1a_{τ(i), σ(i)}. It is shown that if A is positive semidefinite, then det A is the smallest eigenvalue of Ã; it is conjectured that per A is the largest eigenvalue of Ã, and the conjecture proved for n⩽3. Several known and some unknown inequalities are derived as consequences.     

An extremal problem for positive defintie matrices

A problem studied by Flanders (1975) is minimize the function f(R)=tr(SR+TR^-1) over the set of positive definite matrices R, where S and T are positive semi-definite matrices. Alternative proofs that may have some intrinsic interest are provided. The proofs explicitly yield the infimum of f(R). One proof is based on a convexity argument and the other on a sequence of reductions to a univariate problem.     

Some aspects of the spectral theory of positive operators

We consider various aspects of the following problem: Let T be a positive operator on a Banach lattice such that σ(T)={1}. Does it follow that T≥1?     

Variational principles for spectral radii of positive functional operators

Functional operators, i.e., sums of weighted shift operators generated by various maps, are considered. For functional operators with positive coefficients, variational principles for spectral radii are obtained. These principles say that the logarithm of the spectral radius is the Legendre transform of a certain convex functional T defined on the set of probability vector-valued measures and depending on the original dynamical system and the functional space considered. In the subexponential case, we obtain the combinatorial structure of the functional T with the help of the corresponding random walk process constructed according to the dynamical system. __________ Translated from Sovremennaya Matematika. Fundamental’nye Napravleniya (Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions), Vol. 15, Differential and Functional Differential Equations. Part 1, 2006.     

An extremal property of the Möbius function

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