基于DIHPB技术的高应变率剪切测试方法

在测试材料动态力学性能时,直接撞击式霍布金森压杆（direct impact Hopkinson pressure bar,DIHPB）实验系统相对于分离式霍布金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB）,往往能获得更高的应变率。本文中采用一种新型双剪切试样,在DIHPB系统下对603钢进行了动态剪切测试。获得了603钢在应变率1 500～33 000 s⁻¹的剪应力-剪应变曲线,并与SHPB系统下的测试结果进行了对比。结果表明,由两种测试方法获得的流动应力具有较好的一致性,但曲线的上升沿存在明显区别。采用数值模拟对DIHPB方法的准确性进行了验证,并对该实验方法的适用条件进行了分析。采用DIHPB方法,可以观察到603钢的流动应力存在明显的应变率效应,但在较高的加载速度下材料的失效应力随着加载速度的增加而呈降低趋势。

     

一种用于材料高应变率剪切性能测试的新型加载技术

高应变率下的冲击剪切实验技术是材料动态力学行为及其微观机理研究的重要基础.采用分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar)装置一般可以获得材料在104s-1以内应变率的动态力学性能.在超过10⁴s^-1的应变率下对材料进行冲击剪切测试时,通常需要采用高速压剪飞片技术或由气炮发射子弹对试样进行直接加载.本文提出一种可用于传统霍普金森压杆技术的新型双剪切试样,可以在10³~10⁵s^-1剪应变率范围实现对材料剪切性能的精确测量;同时,可以对材料的变形及失效过程进行直接观测.试样与压杆之间避免了复杂的界面或连接装置,通过转接头可以保证试样与压杆直接接触,提高测试精度,同时可以防止因试样的横向位移而导致的非均匀变形.获得了紫铜在1400~75000s^-1应变率下的剪应力-剪应变曲线,并采用计算软件     

水泥砂浆在主动围压下的动态力学性能

水泥砂浆等脆性材料的力学性能与所受围压的大小密切相关。为了研究水泥砂浆在围压下的动态力学性能,研制了适于分立式Hopkinson压杆加载的主动围压装置,最大预加载主动围压大于30 MPa。实验得到了水泥砂浆在不同围压、不同应变率下的轴向应力应变曲线,发现材料在围压作用下抗压强度和韧性大大提高并且整体进入了伪塑性,而材料的应变率效应也是显著的。     

Dynamic stress equilibration in split Hopkinson pressure bar tests on soft materials

The condition of dynamic stress equilibrium is not satisfied automatically when a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) is employed to determine the dynamic properties of soft materials. In order to develop guidelines for the proper design of SHPB experiments under valid testing conditions, an integrated experimental/analytical study has been conducted to examine the process of dynamic stress equilibrium in a soft rubber specimen. Dynamic compressive experiments on a RTV 630 and an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber with a SHPB modified for soft material testing were conducted to determine the effects of specimen thickness and loading rate on the stress equilibrating process. An analytical model was employed to analyze the equilibrating processes observed in experiments. It is found that the incident loading rate dominates the initial non-equilibrium stress state, and the specimen thickness mainly affects the dynamic stress equilibrium after the initial stage.     

花岗岩动态力学性能的实验研究

介绍了利用Φ74mm SHPB试验装置进行花岗岩的动态压缩试验和动态劈裂拉伸试验的结果。通过试验获得了花岗岩在100s-1～102s-1应变率加载时的动态力学参数。同时,对试件内的动态应力分布进行了数值模拟,验证了动态试验的有效性。试验结果表明,花岗岩的动态压缩和动态劈裂拉伸的力学性能表现出显著的应变率效应。随着应变率的增加,其冲击压缩破坏应力、冲击压缩破坏应变、弹性模量、冲击压缩应变能密度和动态劈裂拉伸破坏强度均有一定程度的增加。     

Dynamic compressive responses of intact and damaged ceramics from a single split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment

A novel dynamic compressive experimental technique has been developed based on a split Hopkinson pressure bar. This new method dynamically loads the ceramic specimen by two consecutive stress pulses. The first pulse determines the dynamic response of the intact ceramic materiaal and then crushes the specimen, and the second pulse determines the dynamic compressive constitutive behavior of the ceramic rubble. Precise pulse shaping ensures that the specimen deforms at nearly constant strain rates under dynamic stress equilibrium during the loading by both stress pulses. Pulse shaping also controls the amplitudes of loading pulses, the values of strain rates, the maximum strains in the rubble specimens, and the proper separation time between the two loading pulses. The feasibility of the new technique is demonstrated by the experimental results obtained on an AD995 alumina.     

Effect of strain rate,moisture and temperature on the deformation behavior of polymer roll covers

Soft polymer roll covers, which are used in certain positions of paper manufacturing machines, have a vital role in the dynamics of two mating rotating rolls (i.e., nip dynamics). The polymer covers are often used in moist conditions where the loading rates are rather high and temperatures may vary from 45 to 60°C. In this paper, we study the dynamic mechanical behavior of two soft polyurethane composite roll covers under different conditions of temperature, moisture, and loading rate. For the tests in compression, both servohydraulic materials testing machines and the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique were used in the strain rate range of 0.001–1500 s⁻¹. The specimens, which were to be tested under moist conditions, were immersed in paper machine water (pH 4.5) until saturated moisture content was reached. The materials showed remarkable softening as well as decrease in the strain rate sensitivity in moist conditions.     

中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘复合型动态断裂实验研究

制作了中心直裂纹平台巴西圆盘（cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc-CSTFBD）试样,利用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar-SHPB）加载,进行了岩石纯Ⅰ型和复合型（Ⅰ＋Ⅱ型）动态断裂实验。由于加载角（载荷方向与裂纹线的夹角）在制作试样时已经通过裂纹线与试样平台的位置关系确定,因此在实验中可以方便而准确地实施加栽。比较了纯Ⅰ型加载和复合型加载下压杆上记录的入射波、反射波和透射波的波形。采用实验与数值相结合的方法,将实验得到的动态载荷输入有限元程序,得到了纯Ⅰ型试样的动态断裂韧度和复合型试样的两种动态应力强度因子的时间历程。计算了加载角为15°的试样应力强度因子的复合比（KI（t）／KⅡ（t））,此计算值与文献结果吻合较好,验证了实验方法的有效性。     

Dynamic compressive behavior of thick composite materials

The effect of strain rate on the compressive behavior of thick carbon/epoxy composite materials was investigated. Falling weight impact and split Hopkinson pressure bar systems were developed for dynamic characterization of composite materials in compression at strain rates up to 2000 s^–1. Strain rates below 10 s^–1 were generated using a servohydraulic testing machine. Strain rates between 10 s^–1 and 500 s^–1 were generated using the drop tower apparatus. Strain rates above 500 s^–1 were generated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. Unidirectional carbon/epoxy laminates (IM6G/3501-6) loaded in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and cross-ply laminates were characterized. The 90-deg properties, which are governed by the matrix, show an increase in modulus and strength over the static values but no significant change in ultimate strain. The 0-deg and cross-ply laminates show higher strength and ultimte strain values as the strain rate increases, whereas the modulus increnases only slightly over the static value. The increase in strength and ultimate strain observed may be related to the shear behavior of the composite and the change in failure modes. In all cases, the dynamic stress-strain curves stiffen as the strain rate increases. The stiffening is lowest in the longitudinal direction and highest in the transverse direction.     

较低应变率大应变条件下聚氨脂泡沫材料的态力学性能实验

利用加长型分离式霍普金森压杆(入射杆长6000mm、子弹长800mm)研究聚氨脂泡沫材料在较 低应变率大应变条件一维应力状态下的动态力学性能,获得了约550s的长加载脉冲,得到了该材料在应变 率520s-1、应变0.15条件下的应力应变曲线,对较低应变率条件下,应变率与动态应力平衡之间的关联进行 了讨论。     

沙漠砂混凝土动态力学性能实验研究

采用直锥变截面式Φ74mm分离式霍普金森压杆,对不同替代率沙漠砂混凝土进行冲击压缩实验,得到了不同替代率沙漠砂混凝土在不同应变率下的应力应变曲线。分析应变率对沙漠砂混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变和比能量影响,揭示了沙漠砂替代率对沙漠砂混凝土峰值应力影响规律,并对沙漠砂混凝土动态破坏模式进行研究。研究表明:随着应变率增加,沙漠砂混凝土峰值应力、强度增强因子、比能量和峰值应变逐渐增大;在同一应变率下,随着替代率增加,沙漠砂混凝土峰值应力逐渐减小。本文研究结果可为沙漠砂在工程中的应用提供指导和借鉴。     

Thickness Effect of Pulse Shaper on Dynamic Stress Equilibrium and Dynamic Deformation Behavior in the Polycarbonate Using SHPB Technique

0Introduction Thehighstrainratestress strainresponsesofpolymersandpolymericcompositematerialshave receivedincreasedscientificandindustrialattentioninrecentyears.Polymericmaterialsaresubjected todynamicloadingandhighstrainratedeformationinavarietyofimporta…     

不同应变率下煤岩破坏特征及其本构模型

利用直径50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆,对煤岩展开20～100 s?1动态应变率下的单轴冲击压缩试验,结合高速摄影分析其变形破坏特征,并建立基于Weibull统计分布和Drucker-Prager破坏准则的煤岩动态强度型统计损伤本构模型。试验结果表明:（1）煤岩动态应力-应变曲线存在明显的非线性特征,随应变率升高,动态抗压强度与弹性模量均呈线性增长且增幅显著,破坏形态由低应变率下的轴向劈裂破坏向高应变率下的压碎破坏过渡;（2）在动态应变率20～100 s?1下,煤岩破坏后碎块具有明显的分形特性,破碎块度分维值为1.9～2.2,且随着应变率的升高,煤岩破碎程度增大,碎块块度减小;（3）基于Weibull分布参数F₀、m和应变率的关系,修正煤岩的本构模型,并与试验结果进行对比,验证该模型的合理性。     

一种基于电磁霍普金森杆的材料动态包辛格效应测试装置及方法

金属材料在复杂载荷条件下的动态力学行为研究一直备受关注,但受限于实验设备,金属材料的动态包辛格效应响应一直都难以获得。为了探究金属材料的包辛格效应与应变率效应之间的关系,本文中提出一种基于电磁霍普金森杆(electromagnetic split Hopkinson bar,ESHB) 的非同步加载实验技术,为测试金属材料在高应变率加载下的包辛格效应提供了一种有效的实验方法。本文中,首先介绍了非同步加载装置的主要特点,即可以用两列由脉冲发生器产生的应力波对受载试样进行连续的一次动态拉-压循环加载,且加载过程保证了应力波的一致性。分析了应力波对试样加载过程中的波传播历程,确保了加载过程的连续性。随后介绍了动态加载过程,数据处理方法和波形分离手段,并对动态加载过程进行应力平衡性分析,论证了实验装置的可靠性。最后采用该方法测试了5%预应变下6061铝合金动态压缩-动态拉伸的包辛格效应,并与准静态下的实验结果进行对比。实验结果表明,该材料单轴压缩没有明显的应变率效应,但其包辛格效应具有应变率依赖性,高应变率下材料的包辛格应力影响因子由0.07增大至0.17,具有显著的提升,这对传统意义上铝合金材料应变率不敏感的结论提出了挑战。

     

应力波在多层膜状材料中衰减特性的实验研究

脉冲载荷作用下,多层膜状材料衰减应力波的特性及其规律研究在工程结构设计中具有重要意义。本文采用分离式Hopkinson压杆(以下简称SHPB)装置,从实验角度对多层石英布和多层\"石英布+聚酯铝膜\"两种不同结构类型膜状材料衰减应力波特性进行研究。分析了透射应力波及应力冲量随多层膜状厚度变化的关系。通过对实验数据的拟合,给出了多层膜状衰减应力波能力和材料厚度以及材料结构的数学表征。研究结果表明,两种不同结构的多层膜状材料应力波衰减随厚度的变化关系都遵循指数衰减规律,而具有\"多层石英布+聚酯铝膜\"叠层结构的材料对应力波的衰减能力略强于单一多层石英布材料。本研究可作为工程应用多层膜状材料衰减应力波的实验依据。     

基于SHPB试验的碳纳米管增强混凝土动态压缩行为研究

为探究碳纳米管增强混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态压缩行为,采用 < span class=\"inline-formula-span\" > $varnothing $ < /span > < img text_id=' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='2023-0424_Z-20240411094344.png'/ > 100 mm大直径分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB）对其进行了冲击试验,对比分析了不同冲击速度和碳纳米管掺量条件下混凝土的动态抗压强度、受压形变以及能量耗散特征的演化规律。试验结果表明：碳纳米管增强混凝土的动态强度特性具有显著的加载速率敏感性,动态抗压强度和动态强度增长因子均与冲击速度呈线性正相关的关系,当加载水平相同时,动态抗压强度随碳纳米管掺量的增大呈先上升后略有下降的变化趋势,且与普通混凝土相比增幅可达23.7%。碳纳米管增强混凝土的极限应变与冲击韧度的变化特点相似,均随冲击速度的增大而逐渐提高,具有一定的冲击速度强化效应,但与冲击速度之间并没有表现出明显的线性关系。在同一加载水平下,当碳纳米管掺量为0.30%时,混凝土的冲击韧度达到相对最大,较之普通混凝土提升约10%。掺入适量的碳纳米管能够有效强化混凝土内部结构的整体性和致密性,进而改善混凝土的动态力学性能以及能量耗散特征。

     

Upper limit of constant strain rates in a split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment with elastic specimens

The upper limit of the achievable constant strain rates in linearly elastic specimens loaded by a split Hopkinson pressure bar is estimated based on the specimen properties and a linear ramp loading. The criterion for a plateau of constant strain rate is derived and discussed. Dynamic experimental results on an S-2 glass/SC15 composite and polymethyl-methacrylate subjected to various ramp loadings verify the modeling results.     

基于SHPB波传播系数法试验的衰减弥散修正研究

针对SHPB试验中的波传播衰减弥散问题,基于杆自由端撞击的波传播系数法试验原理,选取Φ100mm PA66尼龙杆为典型Hopkinson压杆,依据SHPB试验中获取试样应力-应变曲线的二波法,对原位测试试验中从加载试样传来的反射波弥散进行修正研究,获得入射杆反射波传播系数;同理,对透射杆获取透射波传播系数。根据修正后的实际反射波和透射波历程,获得试样的应力-应变曲线。通过比较分析,此方法合理可靠。     

A Long Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (LSHPB) for Intermediate-rate Characterization of Soft Materials

In this study, we developed a long split Hopkinson pressure bar (LSHPB) for mechanically characterizing soft materials at intermediate strain rates. Using a proper pulse shaper, a loading pulse over 3 ms was produced for compression experiments on a PMDI foam material at the strain rates in the order of 10/s. The pulse shaping technique minimized the dispersion effects of stress wave when propagating through such a long bar system. Consistency of stress–strain curves obtained from the LSHPB and an MTS in the same strain rate range shows that a gap currently existing in intermediate strain-rate range is closed by the introduction of the LSHPB.     

酚醛层压材料的冲击力学行为及本构模型

为了研究酚醛层压材料的冲击力学行为并获得本构模型,利用万能试验机和整形修正的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置,对材料试样进行了应变率范围为10^-3~10³ s^-1的单轴压缩实验,得到了不同加载应变率下的应力应变曲线,对其在准静态、动态载荷下的压缩破坏机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,酚醛层压材料具有较强的应变率效应,与准静态(1.67×10^-3 s^-1)时相比,在动态载荷(7×10² s^-1)下,峰值应力增加了约10倍;破坏应变减少了约一半;在准静态和动态加载条件下试样力学性能的差异是由于纤维基体界面特性以及不同应变率下破坏模式的不同;采用朱-王-唐本构方程描述了酚醛层压材料力学行为,拟合得到了本构方程的系数,在加载过程中,理论计算值与实验结果吻合较好。