基于双芯光纤耦合器的梳状滤波器及其CO2激光调节

基于光纤耦合器的波长特性,分析了光纤耦合器作为梳状滤波器的光谱特性;将长度不同的双芯光纤(twin-core fiber,TCF)熔接在两根单模光纤(single mode fibors,SMF)之间,实验制得具有不同峰值波长间隔的基于双芯光纤耦合器的全光纤型梳状滤波器,其消光比可达25 dB. 首次使用CO₂激光对其进行光谱调节,调节导致光谱向长波方向漂移和消光比的变化. 这种调节是基于CO₂与光纤相互作用时的残余应力释放和熔融变形机理,使用氢载TCF可以在相同实验参数下得到更大的波长调节激光. 关键词： 双芯光纤耦合器 梳状滤波器 2激光')" href="#">CO₂激光 残余应力     

熔锥型侧面泵浦耦合器的研究

 现在高功率光纤激光器和光纤放大器采用的双包层掺杂光纤,相对于从半导体泵浦激光器发射出的多模泵浦光束的大发散角,其内包层的直径很小,因此把泵浦光有效地耦合到双包层掺杂光纤的内包层是一个急需解决的难题。研制一种熔锥型侧面泵浦耦合器,可以大幅度提高泵浦光功率,实现增益光纤的多点泵浦,在双包层光纤放大器中使用良好,安全稳定,实现了较高的耦合效率,达到了70%,信号光通过率98%,信号输入与泵浦输入的隔离度大于50 dB,泵浦输入对输出端反向传输光的隔离度27 dB。通过对比结构紧凑性、耦合效率、系统稳定性等相关指标发现,熔锥型侧面泵浦耦合器完全可以满足高功率光纤激光器和光纤放大器的使用要求。     

光纤耦合器制造中的动态监测系统

本文报道在研制熔接光纤耦合器中所建立的动态监测系统。这个系统由于利用了时间延迟技术,不仅能较高精度地数字显示成品光纤耦合器的静态分束比;而且能在器件的制造过程中监测分束比的变化,进而控制工艺,大大提高器件的成品率。     

高频CO2激光脉冲写入超长周期光纤光栅特性研究

分析了高频CO₂激光脉冲写入的周期达数毫米的超长周期光纤光栅(ULPFG)的模式耦合特性，并在此基础上，简单分析了这种折射率变化主要在光纤包层，且沿光纤横截面呈非对称分布的ULPFG所具有的温度、应变、扭曲及环境折射率响应特性，并在文末做了实验验证，实验结果表明该ULPFG不同谐振峰具有不同的特性响应灵敏度，这与理论分析符合得较好.这些独特的光学特性将使得这种光纤光栅在光纤通信和光纤传感中具有应用价值. 关键词： 光纤传感 光纤光栅 2激光')" href="#">CO₂激光 超长周期光纤光栅     

Experimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber coupler

Coupling plane wave into a single-mode fiber(SMF) with high and steady coupling efficiency is crucial for fiberbased free-space laser systems, where random angular jitters are the main influencing factors of fiber coupling. In this paper, we verified a new adaptive-optic device named adaptive fiber coupler(AFC) which could compensate angular jitters and improve the SMF coupling efficiency in some degree. Experiments of SMF coupling under the angular jitter situation using AFC have been achieved. Stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm is employed as the control strategy, of which the iteration rate is 625 Hz. In closed loop, the coupling efficiency keeps above 65% when angular errors are below 80 μrad. The compensation bandwidth is 35 Hz at sine-jitter of 15 μrad amplitude with average coupling efficiency of above 60%. Also, experiments with simulated turbulence have been studied. The average coupling efficiency increases from 31.97% in open loop to 61.33% in closed loop, and mean square error(MSE) of coupling efficiency drops from 7.43% to 1.75%.     

新型1×4塑料光纤功率耦合器的研制

提出了一种新型的塑料光纤功率耦合器 ,该耦合器与传统的拉锥型和混合棒塑料光纤耦合器不同。理论分析了它的损耗特性。该耦合器基于塑料光纤本身的热特性 ,分别将塑料光纤进行拉锥和热缩构成耦合器的两端 ,结构简单 ,制作容易 ,实验结果表明其性能也可满足塑料光纤短距离通信网的要求     

Optical fiber cleaved at an angle by CO2 laser ablation: Application to micromachining

Laser ablation can be achieved by delivering short power pulse with durations much smaller than the heat diffusion time. In this investigation, we are collimating and magnifying a beam from a CO₂ laser with a Keplerian telescopic system. Then we study the quality of the cut performed by scanning the beam at a fast speed over an optical fiber just after focusing a well collimated CO₂ beam at λ=10.6 μm. It is found that the best results for cutting optical fibers depend upon both the time required in raising matter temperature to the vaporization point and the scanning speed of the CO₂ laser beam. Some aspects of the laser beam collimation before focusing is reviewed briefly and results for optical fibers being cleaved at low and fast speed under various conditions are also shown and discussed.     

熔融侧面泵浦耦合器光纤夹角对耦合效率的影响

泵浦耦合器是高功率光纤激光器的关键无源光器件,其制作工艺是采用泵浦光纤和主光纤侧面熔融的方法,该方法可以保持主光纤中信号光的低插入损耗,但泵浦光纤和主光纤之间的夹角对耦合效率影响较大。为解决这一问题,根据熔融侧面泵浦耦合器的结构特点,建立了物理模型,推导出各光纤中光功率与夹角关系的方程组,进行了数值仿真和实验论证,结果是随着泵浦光纤和主光纤之间夹角的减小,耦合效率会逐渐增大,但存在临界值,NA值小的泵浦光纤耦合效率高且临界角大,NA为0.22的泵浦光纤,夹角小于9.7时耦合效率最大值为96.9%,NA为0.15的泵浦光纤,夹角小于11.5时耦合效率最大值为97.8%。     

Optical resonator for high-power transverse flow CO2 lasers

A new design of the U-type resonator is described. In this way, a laser beam with symmetrical intensity profile (regarding to a symmetry plane) can be extracted from an active medium that exhibits gain asymmetry along one of the transverse directions. The whole area of the active medium cross-section can be used, and consequently the laser efficiency will be increased. This resonator structure was applied for efficiency power extraction (as a low order TEM modes laser beam) from a DC excited transverse flow CO₂ laser with cylindrical geometry. Although the cross-section area of the discharge was entirely used (including the cathode fall region), a symmetrical intensity profile of the laser beam (regarding to the two orthogonal symmetry planes) was obtained in the near field as well as in the far field; the gain asymmetry along the flow direction was compensated by the gas circulation fluidodynamical circuit with two counterflowing discharge channels. A double-U optical resonator was introduced in order to provide a laser beam with axial symmetry.For the practical construction of these two types of optical resonators we have developed two new types of 90° deflection elements: the first one, which does not reverse the image (and which has the properties of the pentaprism), and the second one, which rotates the image with 90° angle. Both elements exhibit good focusability if they are equipped with two concave mirrors.     

CO2激光写入旋转折变型长周期光纤光栅的制作及理论分析

提出了一种光纤横截面折射率变化呈旋转非对称变化的长周期光纤光栅（R-LPFG） 结构,并利用多层圆波导理论和横截面折射率离散分析方法,结合模式耦合方程组和数值求解方法理论分析了这种光栅的模式耦合特征.理论分析表明R-LPFG纤芯基模主要与一阶非对称包层模发生耦合,当光栅旋转度逐渐变大时,R-LPFG基模会与一阶非对称包层模的奇模和偶模同时发生耦合,这就会使原来单一的谐振峰逐渐分裂成双峰,这是常规光栅类型所不具有的透射谱特征.由于R-LPFG的双峰来自同一对耦合模式,它们对温度的响应很相似,因此可利用双峰间 关键词： 光纤传感 光纤光栅 2激光')" href="#">CO₂激光 旋转折变     

基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器的设计及实验研究

提出了三种基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器. 根据模式匹配原理采用单模光纤与少模光纤熔融连接方式, 运用耦合模理论及光束传播法模拟分析了模式选择耦合器的结构参数对模式选择及耦合特性的影响, 实现了单模光纤中基模到少模光纤中不同阶模式的转换, 以满足不同的应用需求. 实验上以2× 2熔融光纤耦合器为例, 采用对称和非对称熔融拉锥方式, 分别实现了从基模到LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式的转换. 实验结果表明所得到的LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式在1530–1560 nm的波长带宽范围内均有较高的模式纯净度, 且模式耦合效率高于80%, 与理论模拟结果基本一致.     

CO2激光写入长周期光纤光栅的折变理论及实验研究

理论分析了利用高频CO₂激光脉冲在不同类型光纤中写入长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）时光纤包层和纤芯发生折射率改变的机理和计算方法.结果表明,残余应力释放、快速固化、光纤致密化和熔融变形是高频CO₂激光能成栅的主要原因,但采用不同的写入方法、不同的激光写入能量在不同的光纤类型上制作光栅时各种机理的重要性不同.利用长周期光纤光栅对构成的M-Z干涉仪实验测量了高频CO₂激光以不同辐射能量在光纤不同作用位置所引起的光纤纤芯或包层的折射率平均变化量,并通过实际制作光栅的过程来初步验证光纤折射率的变化情况.CO₂激光与光纤相互作用机理的分析和实验研究为利用这种方法制作折变型全光纤器件提供了实验制作的基础和完善工艺的方法. 关键词： 光纤器件 长周期光纤光栅 2激光脉冲')" href="#">CO₂激光脉冲 折变     

匹配液的折射率对光纤定向耦合器分光比的影响

本文从理论和实验二个方面研究了光纤定向耦合器中使用不同折射率的匹配液对其分光比的影响。做出了分光比在1/1～1/30之间变化的光纤定向耦合器。     

Step-changed period chirped long-period fiber gratings fabricated by CO2 laser

A CO₂ laser and point-by-point method are used for fabricating step-changed period chirped long-period fiber gratings (LPFG). Several types of period chirped LPFGs have been demonstrated, such as, linearly chirp, peak-shape chirp, and cascaded linearly chirp. Unlike uniform LPFGs, the spectrum change such as multiple attenuation peaks, broader spectrum can be seen in these chirp gratings, and the spectral shape can be controlled by the grating period. Especially, the cascaded linearly chirped LPFGs performs a multi-peak as interference between the core mode and cladding mode, which can be used as multi-wavelength filters in fiber optic communication and fiber optic sensors. Also, a linear tuning range of 1.6 nm with -0.559 pm/με tuning rate is achieved in these types of devices by applying an axial strain.     

一种实现光纤耦合器分光比微调的新方法

随着光纤通信技术的不断发展,光纤通信中至关重要的光无源器件——光纤耦合器,其使用量正在不断的增加。如何提高光纤耦合器的成品率已成为一个很重要的问题。通过对具有一定分光比的未封装的窄带光纤耦合器的一端进行固定和在另一端进行扭转,可以实现耦合器分光比的微调。实验表明,对耦合器施加扭转力矩会使耦合器的分光比发生一定的变化,并且在扭转的过程中附加损耗的变动很小。利用这一特性可以对偏离预定分光比的耦合器的分光比实现微调,从而可得到更符合要求的分光比,提高了成品率。     

光纤耦合头对行波半导体激光放大器工作特性的影响

本文阐述了半导体激光放大器组件中,末端带高折射率类球透镜的锥形光纤耦合头对放大器芯片的外腔反馈效应,从理论上对这种耦合头的反馈效应进行了计算.为了使计算结果更接近于实际情况,在理论分析中引入了厚透镜表面的菲涅耳(Fresnel)反射及有限孔径的影响.     

基于超长周期光纤光栅的高灵敏度扭曲传感器

利用高频CO₂激光脉冲写入的周期达数毫米的超长周期光纤光栅(ULPFG)，实验研究了这种新型ULPFG的扭曲特性，发现它的某些高阶谐振波长漂移与扭曲率之间具有良好的线性关系和方向相关性，其灵敏度可达0.2244nm/(rad/m)，是高频CO₂激光脉冲写入法写入的普通LPFG扭曲灵敏度的4倍.初步的理论分析表明，新型ULPFG横截面折变的非对称性以及导模与高阶包层模之间发生的耦合使得扭曲具有方向相关性和很高的灵敏度.基于这种ULPFG独特的扭曲特性，设计了一种可 关键词： 光纤传感 光纤光栅 2激光')" href="#">CO₂激光 扭曲测量 双折射     

Transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of single-mode fiber coupler for fiber gyro application

The relationship between the transmitting spectra characteristic of a fused single mode fiber coupler (SMFC) and the performance of interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) is analyzed in theory firstly. Then the transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of SMFC is experimented, and the influence of the spectrum-stability of the SMFC on IFOG is simulated and experimented. Through the theory analysis and experiment research, it is confirmed that the spectrum output from the SMFC's throughput port is more stable than that output from the coupled port, and the bias instability of the rotation errors induced by the variation of spectrum output from the SMFC's coupled port is 10 times of that output from the throughput port. Therefore, to choose the SMFC's throughput port as the input port for navigation-grade gyroscope is an effective method to improve the IFOG's performance.     

Mixing properties of mim diodes in the infrared

Point contact MIM diodes of different materials have been tested as harmonic mixers at 29 THz and 88 THz. From the analysis of the I-V static characteristic quantitative informations have been obtained about the effectiveness of the diodes as high order mixers.     

Nanoimprint lithography using IR laser irradiation

A new technique called “infrared laser-assisted nanoimprint lithography” was utilised to soften the thermoplastic polymer material mR-I 8020 during nanoimprint lithography. A laser setup and a sample holder with pressure and temperature control were designed for the imprint experiments. The polymer was spin coated onto crystalline Si <1 1 1> substrates. A prepatterned Si <1 1 1> substrate, which is transparent for the CO₂ laser irradiation, was used as an imprint stamp as well. It was shown, that the thermoplastic resist mR-I 8020 could be successfully imprinted using the infrared CW CO₂ laser irradiation (λ = 10.6 μm). The etching rate of the CO₂ laser beam irradiated mR-I 8020 resist film under O₂ RF (13.56 MHz) plasma treatment and during O₂ reactive ion beam etching was investigated as well.