用Westergaard应力函数求解I-II复合型平面裂纹问题的研讨

直接获得I-II复合型平面裂纹问题裂纹尖端区域的应力场是一个比较复杂的问题,在此应用Westergaard应力函数求解I-II复合型平面裂纹问题,导出了裂纹尖端区域应力分量的表达式。该方法推导过程简单,物理概念清晰,其结果与一般断裂力学教材和文献中的结果一致。同时,应用叠加原理将裂纹面上的作用力转化为裂纹外边界的受力,给出了解决裂纹面上有作用力的I-II复合型平面裂纹问题的解题方法。     

THE STRESS FIELD AT MODE I CRACK TIP ON STEEL PIPE UNDER AXIAL TENSION

采用弹性断裂力学Westergaard 的方法,分析在轴向拉伸载荷作用下钢管的Ⅰ型裂纹尖端处的应力场. 基于Ⅰ型裂纹钢管应力场的特征,设定尖端处的应力艾雷函数,给出其应力场模型边界条件和应力场的解析函数,并利用裂纹尖端处的切平面研究裂纹尖端局部应力场,建立了钢管裂纹尖端应力场模型. 通过钢管与平板Ⅰ型裂纹应力场模型的对比,结果表明二者明显不同,钢管裂纹尖端处应力峰值影响范围仅与裂纹长度、拉应力相关.     

考虑应力松驰复合型裂纹顶端塑性区分析

Ｓｈｉｈ［１］应用奇异单元，获得了不考虑应力松驰小范围屈服条件下复合型裂纹尖端塑性区形状。Ｚ．Ｚ．Ｚｕ等［２］采用Ｒｉｃｅ［５］给出的裂纹尖端应力关系式，利用有限元分析获得了不考虑应力松驰下复合型裂纹尖端塑性区，本文基于静力学中内力与外力平衡条件，用线弹性的全场解代替局部解，给出了考虑应力松驰下复合型裂纹尖端塑性区边界方程，获得了考虑应力松驰下的任意方向的塑性区尺寸及塑性区形状     

基于GMTS准则的岩石复合型断裂机理研究

使用国际岩石力学协会规定的半圆盘岩石试件,加工不同倾角的直裂纹试样,通过三点弯曲加载试验得到不同I-II复合比断裂的断裂韧性和初始断裂角．传统裂纹扩展准则忽视了常数项即T应力及更高阶项的影响,导致该扩展准则的理论预测结果存在较大缺陷,本文通过考虑常数项,建立广义最大周向应力准则(GMTS)．在此基础上,分别采用传统的裂纹扩展准则和考虑T应力的裂纹扩展准则预测不同复合比裂纹的断裂韧性和初始扩展角,然后对比理论预测结果和实验结果．分析可得：常数项即T应力对断裂的临界应力强度因子和初始断裂角的影响是不可忽略的,且II型断裂占比较大时影响更大,广义最大周向应力准则预测值与实验测试结果之间的误差最小．     

Mode I and mode II crack tip asymptotic fields with strain gradient effects

The strain gradient effect becomes significant when the size of fracture process zone around a crack tip is comparable to the intrinsic material lengthl, typically of the order of microns. Using the new strain gradient deformation theory given by Chen and Wang, the asymptotic fields near a crack tip in an elastic-plastic material with strain gradient effects are investigated. It is established that the dominant strain field is irrotational. For mode I plane stress crack tip asymptotic field, the stress asymptotic field and the couple stress asymptotic field can not exist simultaneously. In the stress dominated asymptotic field, the angular distributions of stresses are consistent with the classical plane stress HRR field; In the couple stress dominated asymptotic field, the angular distributions of couple stresses are consistent with that obtained by Huang et al. For mode II plane stress and plane strain crack tip asymptotic fields, only the stress-dominated asymptotic fields exist. The couple stress asymptotic field is less singular than the stress asymptotic fields. The stress asymptotic fields are the same as mode II plane stress and plane strain HRR fields, respectively. The increase in stresses is not observed in strain gradient plasticity for mode I and mode II, because the present theory is based only on the rotational gradient of deformation and the crack tip asymptotic fields are irrotational and dominated by the stretching gradient. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19704100), National Natural Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJ951-1-20), CAS K.C. Wong Post-doctoral Research Award Fund and Post-doctoral Science Fund of China     

弹性半平面中边界裂纹研究的新方法

讨论了载荷作用在裂纹面上的弹性半平面边界裂纹问题.研究以线弹性断裂力学为基础,采用复变函数方法以及Riemann-Hilbert(R-H)边值问题的一般理论,将问题分拆为含有限裂纹的全平面问题与无裂纹的半平面问题的叠加,计算得到裂纹尖端的应力强度因子.与文献结果比较,该方法具有精度高的优点.     

双轴载荷作用下源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的一种边界元分析

利用一种边界元方法来研究双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹.该边界元方法由Crouch 与 Starfied 建立的常位移不连续单元和笔者提出的裂尖位移不连续单元构成.在该边界元方法的实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其它边界.文中算例说明本数值方法对计算平面弹性裂纹的应力强度因子是非常有效的.该文对双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的数值结果进一步证实本数值方法对计算复杂裂纹的应力强度因子的有效性,同时该数值结果可以揭示双轴载荷及裂纹体几何对应力强度因子的影响.     

层状磁电复合材料界面共线裂纹平面问题分析

本文研究了面内电磁势载荷作用下双层压电压磁复合材料中共线界面裂纹问题．考虑了压电材料的导磁性质和压磁材料的介电性质,引入了界面电位移和磁感强度的连续性条件．利用Fourier 变换得到一组第二类Cauchy 型奇异积分方程．进一步导出了相应问题的应力强度因子、电位移强度因子和磁感强度强度因子的表达式,给出了应力强度因子的数值结果．结果表明电磁载荷会导致界面裂纹尖端I、II 混合型应力奇异性,同时还伴随着电位移和磁感强度的奇异性．比较了双裂纹左右端的应力强度因子,发现在面内极化方向上施加面内磁势载荷时共线裂纹内侧尖端区域的两个法向应力场发生互相干涉增强．     

I-II复合型裂缝断裂角的分层剪滞模型与分析

采用修正的剪滞理论建立了岩石、混凝土等准脆性材料的I-II复合型裂缝在单向拉伸荷载作用下的计算模型,得到了与实验相吻合且优于传统S判据的断裂角。通过对远场应力、斜裂缝区应力以及子层位移的合理简化,得到了求解剪滞分析模型的边界条件,进而得到了含斜裂缝的各子层位移分布函数。引入最大应力集中因子,对I-II复合型裂缝前缘应力场进行简化;基于斜裂缝沿最大应力集中因子方向扩展,得到裂缝的断裂角。根据斜裂缝的应力分布,设置不同的子层分区,得到了更为细化的位移分布模式。通过对计算数据的分析,针对单向拉伸荷载作用下的I-II复合型裂缝,建立了按应力场分区设置子层的分层剪滞模型,得到更为精确的斜裂缝断裂角。     

General solutions of plane problem for power function curved cracks

A new exact and universal conformal mapping is proposed. Using Muskhelishvili's complex potential method, the plane elasticity problem of power function curved cracks is investigated with an arbitrary power of a natural number, and the general solutions of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for mode I and mode II at the crack tip are obtained under the remotely uniform tensile loads. The present results can be reduced to the well-known solutions when the power of the function takes different natural numbers. Numerical examples are conducted to reveal the effects of the coefficient, the power, and the projected length along the x-axis of the power function curved crack on the SIFs for mode I and mode II.     

Ⅰ型裂缝经弱界面钝化扩展实验研究1)

天然裂缝或层理等弱界面的剪切破坏是体积压裂裂缝网络形成的关键因素。利用数字散斑相关技术,通过三点弯曲构建了I型裂缝经过弱界面时的扩展特性实验,获得了试件表面位移场和应变场的变化规律。实验结果表明：I型裂缝扩展至弱界面层后,裂缝发生短暂停滞扩展,裂缝尖端张开位移迅速增加,I型裂缝尖端钝化,弱界面剪切应变迅速增加,裂缝由I型裂缝转变为I-II复合型裂缝并转向扩展。     

与两相材料界面接触的裂纹对SH波的散射

利用积分变换方法得出了两相材料中作用简谐集中力时的格林函数．根据所得的格林函数并利用Betti-Rayleigh互易定理得出了与界面接触裂纹的散射波场．裂纹的散射波场可分解为两部分，一部分为奇异的散射场，另一部分为有界的散射场．利用分解后的散射场，可得裂纹在SH波作用下的超奇异积分方程．根据裂纹散射场的奇异部分和Cauchy型奇异积分的性质得出了裂纹和界面接触点处的奇性应力指数和接触点角形域内的奇性应力．利用所得的奇性应力定义了裂纹和界面接触点处的动应力强度因子．对所得超奇异积分方程的数值求解可得裂纹端点和接解点处的应力强度因子。     

Dynamic stress intensity factor KⅢ and dynamic crack propagation characteristics of anisotropic materials

Based on the mechanics of anisotropic materials,the dynamic propagation problem of a mode Ⅲ crack in an infinite anisotropic body is investigated.Stress,strain and displacement around the crack tip are expressed as an analytical complex function,which can be represented in power series.Constant coefficients of series are determined by boundary conditions.Expressions of dynamic stress intensity factors for a mode Ⅲ crack are obtained.Components of dynamic stress,dynamic strain and dynamic displacement around the crack tip are derived.Crack propagation characteristics are represented by the mechanical properties of the anisotropic materials,i.e.,crack propagation velocity M and the parameter α.The faster the crack velocity is,the greater the maximums of stress components and dynamic displacement components around the crack tip are.In particular,the parameter α affects stress and dynamic displacement around the crack tip.     

拉压循环载荷下正交异性钢桥面板肋-面板焊缝裂纹扩展分析

采用四步法计算了考虑循环载荷中压应力影响的正交异性钢桥面板的肋-面板焊缝表面裂纹扩展。第一步是基于正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳分析模型,计算肋-面板焊缝处的应力,第二步是通过肋-面板焊缝的三维局部模型,用Schwartz-Neumann交替法计算焊缝表面裂纹的应力强度因子分布,第三步是用二维断裂力学模型和增量塑性损伤模型,计算循环载荷中的压应力对裂纹扩展的影响,第四步是用第二步中的三维裂纹分析结果和第三步中的二维断裂力学模型得到的裂纹扩展公式,计算钢桥面板的肋-面板焊缝表面裂纹扩展。计算结果表明,对应于正交异性钢桥面板肋-面板焊缝处的循环应力,本文所用模型的裂纹尖端反向塑性区导致裂纹扩展率增加50%以上。研究结果为正交异性钢桥面板肋-面板焊缝裂纹的疲劳寿命分析提供了研究基础。     

Dynamic stress intensity factor K III and dynamic crack propagation characteristics of anisotropic materials

Based on the mechanics of anisotropic materials, the dynamic propagation problem of a mode Ⅲ crack in an infinite anisotropic body is investigated. Stress, strain and displacement around the crack tip are expressed as an analytical complex function, which can be represented in power series. Constant coefficients of series are determined by boundary conditions. Expressions of dynamic stress intensity factors for a mode Ⅲ crack are obtained. Components of dynamic stress, dynamic strain and dynamic displacement around the crack tip are derived. Crack propagation characteristics are represented by the mechanical properties of the anisotropic materials, i.e., crack propagation velocity M and the parameter ~. The faster the crack velocity is, the greater the maximums of stress components and dynamic displacement components around the crack tip are. In particular, the parameter α affects stress and dynamic displacement around the crack tip.     

THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR UNDER MOVING LOADS ON THE CRACK FACES

The dynamic stress intensity factor history for a half plane crack in anotherwise unbounded elastic body,with the crack faces subjected to a tractiondistribution consisting of two pairs of combined mode point loads that move in adirection perpendicular to the crack edge is considered.The analytic expression for thecombined mode stress intensity factors as a function of time for any point along thecrack edge is obtained.The method of solution is based on the application of integraltransform together with the Wiener-Hopf technique and the Cagniard-de Hoop method.Some features of the solution are discussed and graphical results for various point loadspeeds are presented.     

Opening and contact zones of an interface crack in a piezoelectric bimaterial under combined compressive-shear loading

A plane problem for a tunnel electrically permeable interface crack between two semi-infinite piezoelectric spaces is studied. A remote mechanical and electrical loading is applied. Elastic displacements and potential jumps as well as stresses and electrical displacement along the interface are presented using a sectionally holomorphic vector function. It is assumed that the interface crack includes zones of crack opening and frictionless contact. The problem is reduced to a combined Dirichlet–Riemann boundary value problem which is solved analytically. From the obtained solution, simple analytical expressions are derived for all mechanical and electrical characteristics at the interface. A quite simple transcendental equation, which determines the point of separation of open and close sections of the crack, is found. For the analysis of the obtained results, the main attention is devoted to the case of compressive-shear loading. The analytical analysis and numerical results show that, even if the applied normal stress is compressive, a certain crack opening zone exists for all considered loading values provided the shear field is present. It is found that the shear stress intensity factor at the closed crack tip and the energy release rates at the both crack tips depend very slightly on the magnitude of compressive loading.     

钢轨表面剥离掉块路径预测研究

轮轨滚动接触下,钢轨表面会产生典型的鱼钩形剥离掉块,其形成机理目前暂未明确.为了探究轮轨滚动接触下钢轨表面裂纹扩展机理,基于最大周向拉应力准则,建立轮轨滚动接触疲劳计算模型,提出裂尖扩展路径预测方法,并对不同初始角度裂纹的扩展路径进行预测.结果表明,钢轨表面微裂纹为Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹,随着裂纹长度增加,KⅠ先增加后减小,...     

裂纹扩展过程中线性内聚力模型计算的半解析有限元法

提出了求解基于线性内聚力模型的平面裂纹扩展问题的半解析有限元法,利用弹性平面扇形域哈密顿体系的方程,通过分离变量法及共轭辛本征函数向量展开法,推导了一个环形和一个圆形奇异超级解析单元列式,组装这两个超级单元能准确地描述裂纹表面作用有双线性内聚力的平面裂纹尖端场。将该解析元与有限元相结合,构成半解析的有限元法,可求解任意几何形状和载荷的基于线性内聚力模型的平面裂纹扩展问题。典型算例的计算结果表明本文方法简单有效,具有令人满意的精度。     

THE EVALUATION OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS OF PLANE CRACK FOR ORTHOTROPIC PLATE WITH EQUAL PARAMETER BY F2LFEM

In this paper, the evaluation of stress intensity factor of plane crack problems for orthotropic plate of equal-parameter is investigated using a fractal two-level finite element method (F2LFEM). The general solution of an orthotropic crack problem is obtained by assimilating the problem with isotropic crack problem, and is employed as the global interpolation function in F2LFEM. In the neighborhood of crack tip of the crack plate, the fractal geometry concept is introduced to achieve the similar meshes having similarity ratio less than one and generate an infinitesimal mesh so that the relationship between the stiffness matrices of two adjacent layers is equal. A large number of degrees of freedom around the crack tip are transformed to a small set of generalized coordinates. Numerical examples show that this method is efficient and accurate in evaluating the stress intensity factor (SIF).