白光LED用近紫外光激发的蓝绿色荧光粉Sr5(PO4)3F∶Eu2+的光谱性能及助熔剂的影响

本文采用还原氛下的高温固相法合成了荧光粉Sr5(PO4)3F∶ Eu2+并对其性能进行了表征,同时研究了助熔剂硼酸对该荧光粉的影响.结果 表明:在1200℃还原氛下制得的荧光粉Sr5(PO4)3F∶ Eu2+,激发峰位于418 nm,发射峰位于524 nm,是能与近紫外光LED相匹配的蓝绿色荧光粉.Eu2的最佳掺杂浓度为15mo1;,对应的色坐标为(0.2871,0.4036).添加助熔剂H3BO3可以使荧光粉Sr5(PO4)3F∶Eu2+的合成温度由1200℃降低到1100℃,最佳掺杂浓度为5wt;,同时可以增加荧光粉的发光强度.     

BaMgAl10O17∶Eu3+红色荧光粉的合成及其发光性能

采用助熔剂固相合成法,合成了BaMgAl10O17∶Eu3+荧光粉,并分析了材料的光学性能,研究了助熔剂对合成温度、晶体结构和发光性能的影响.结果表明,制备的BaMgAl10O17∶Eu3+属于六方晶系.助熔剂固相法合成温度比传统高温固相法合成温度降低了300℃.BaMgAl10O17∶Eu3+荧光粉能被394 nm的紫外光有效激发,其发射主峰位于612 nm,属于占据非对称中心格位Eu3+的5D0→7F2的电偶极(ED)跃迁.在394 nm激发下,BaMgA110O17∶Eu3+荧光粉的色度坐标为(0.655,0.345),这说明助熔剂固相法合成的样品的色纯度较高,光色为橙红色.     

SrMoO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究

采用微波法合成了SrMoO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射环境扫描电镜(FSEM)、荧光光谱(PL)等研究了该荧光粉的晶体结构、表观形貌及发光性能.结果表明,SrMoO4:Eu3+为类球形的纯相结构,激发峰为290 nm,396 nm及464 nm,发射峰为617 nm呈现良好的红光发射,可与蓝光LED芯片匹配.SrMoO4:Eu3+红色荧光粉可以被蓝光LED有效激发产生红光,是一种优异的YAG:Ce3+黄色荧光粉的红光补偿粉.     

Na2SrP2O7∶Sm3+橙色荧光粉的制备与发光性能的研究

利用稀土离子Sm3+作为激活剂,采用传统的高温固相法制备了Na2SrP2O7∶xSm3+(x=0.02mol;)橙色荧光粉.用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和荧光分光光度计对粉体的表面形貌、晶体结构和荧光光谱进行了表征.XRD分析和荧光光谱分析得出:最佳的烧结温度为700℃.该荧光粉能够被404 nm光高效激发,发射光谱在可见光区呈三峰发射,峰值位于564 nm、603 nm、647 nm,其最强发射峰位于603 nm处,对应于Sm3的4G5/2→6H7/2特征发射.设定发射波长为603 nm,得到荧光粉的激发光谱为一个主峰位于404 nm的宽带激发峰,表明该荧光粉可被紫外光和近紫外光有效地激发.研究了Sm3+掺杂浓度和助熔剂NH4Cl含量对Na2SrP2O7∶Sm3+橙色荧光粉荧光性能的影响,得出Sm3+的最佳掺杂量为2mol;.3wt;的助熔剂NH4Cl有利于荧光粉颗粒的分散,减小平均粒径,改善晶粒形貌,提高荧光粉的相对发光强度,还能降低制备所需的温度.     

白光LED用红色荧光粉SrMoO4: Eu3+,Gd3+的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法合成了红色荧光粉Sr1-x-yMoO4∶ Eu3+x,Gd3+y,分别对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫面电镜(SEM)和荧光光谱(PL)的测定.结果表明:所合成的样品均为单一纯相四方晶系结构,添加Gd3+(为0.35mol时)使主衍射峰的位置右移了0.35°;SEM照片显示:SrMoO4∶ Eu3+和SrMoO4∶Eu3+,Gd3+颗粒尺寸分布相对均匀,为类方块状,颗粒大小约为1～3μm;Gd3+和Eu3+的共掺得到的SrMoO4∶ Eu3+,Gd3+在616 nm处主发射峰的发光强度约是SrMoO4∶Eu3+的2.09倍;当掺杂x=0.25 mol和y=0.35 mol时,在近紫外光(395 nm)激发下,SrMoO4Eu3+,Gd3+得到616 nm处红光发射极峰.     

高热稳定性的SrAl2Si2O8:Eu2+荧光粉的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了SrAl2 Si2 O8:Eu2+(SASO:Eu2+)系列荧光粉,详细研究了荧光粉的晶体结构、激发光谱、发射光谱以及热稳定性.结果表明,在337 nm激发下,发射光谱为一个非对称的宽带单峰,峰值波长404 nm,峰的半高宽约为53 nm,Eu2+的最佳掺杂摩尔浓度为5;,根据Dexter理论,讨论了SASO:Eu2+荧光粉浓度猝灭是由于Eu2+电偶极-电偶极之间的相互作用引起的.当加热到225℃时,SASO:0.05Eu2+荧光粉发光强度仍具有在初始室温下发光强度的97.4;,表明其具有优异的热稳定性.     

白光LED用BaWO4∶Eu3+荧光粉的制备与光谱性能研究

采用水热法合成前驱体WO3！·0.34H2O,以此前驱体分别采用水热法和高温固相法合成BaWO4∶Eu3+荧光粉,并对此荧光粉的光谱性能进行了研究。实验结果表明：水热法制备的荧光粉BaWO4∶Eu3+与高温固相法制备的荧光粉具有相同的光谱性质;荧光粉BaWO4∶Eu3+的激发和发射光谱都是Eu3+的f→ f的特征峰,激发光谱的峰位分别为416 nm、464 nm、535 nm,且464 nm吸收最强;发射光谱的峰位分别为578 nm、592 nm、612 nm、703 nm,且612 nm的发射最强;由浓度实验得知其猝灭浓度为20at;。此荧光粉可与蓝光LED相匹配的红色荧光粉,可掺杂在传统白光LED(蓝光LED+黄色荧光粉YAG：Ce)中增加红光发射,弥补其显色性低的缺陷。     

LaP3O9∶Eu3+荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究

以La2O3、Eu2O3和(NaPO3)6为原料,采用共沉淀法制备了LaP3O9∶Eu3+荧光粉,并对其发光性能进行了分析。结果表明:该荧光粉的最强吸收峰位于391 nm处;两个发射峰分别位于587 nm和616 nm处,且两峰发光强度相近,说明Eu3+在LaP3O9∶Eu3+晶体场中处于具有非反演中心对称的格位;与LaPO4∶Eu3+荧光粉相比LaP3O9∶Eu3+发出的红光色饱和度更高;Eu3+在LaP3O9∶Eu3+晶体荧光粉中的掺杂浓度为8at%时,发光强度最大。     

溶胶燃烧法制备Sr3-3x/2(VO4)2∶xEu3+红色荧光粉及性能研究

利用稀土离子Eu3+作为激活剂,采用溶胶燃烧法制备了Sr2.85(VO4)2∶0.1Eu3+红色荧光粉.用SEM、XRD和荧光光谱表征了荧光粉体的表面形貌、晶体结构和荧光性能.XRD分析和荧光光谱分析得出:最佳退火温度为950℃.该荧光粉在280 nm光下被高效激发,其最强发射峰位于618 nm处,对应于Eu3+的5D0到7F2的能级跃迁,表现出较强发射强度.设定发射波长为618 nm,得到荧光粉的激发光谱,其最强激发峰为280 nm处,说明该荧光粉可被紫外光有效激发.同时研究了Eu3+掺杂量和助燃剂柠檬酸对Sr2.85(VO4)2∶0.1Eu红色荧光粉发光性能的影响,得出Eu3+的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.1.助燃剂柠檬酸有利于形成主体基质,使荧光粉颗粒更分散,同时改善晶粒形貌,提高荧光粉的相对发光强度.     

白光LED用Ca0.5-xWO4∶Eu0.253+Li0.25+Srx2+红色荧光粉的合成及发光性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了不同Sr2+掺杂浓度的Ca0.5-xWO4∶Eu0.253+Li0.25+Srx2+(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25)红色荧光粉,分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光分光光度计对荧光粉的结构、微观形貌和发光特性进行表征.结果表明,在500℃低温下煅烧4h可得到纯白钨矿结构的Ca05WO4∶Eu0.253+Li0.25+荧光粉,且荧光粉的颗粒随着煅烧温度的升高而增大,800℃合成的晶粒尺寸比较均匀,平均粒径在1～2 μm左右.Ca0.5-xWO4∶Eu0.253+Li0.25+Srx2+系列荧光粉均可以被393 nm和464 nm有效激发,其发射主峰值位于615 nm,属于Eu3的5D0→7F2跃迁.同时还系统研究了Sr2+的不同掺杂浓度对荧光粉发光性能的影响.Ca05-xWO4∶Eu0.253+Li0.25+Srx2+荧光粉中Sr2+的最佳掺杂浓度为x取0.15.     

Modelling of mechanism of agglomeration of KCl crystallization

The article presents an analysis into agglomeration during KCl vacuum crystallization. The theoretical and experimental investigations into the mechanism of agglomeration during mass crystallization result in an extension of the growth phenomena within the known model equations. The basis for this is essentially constituted by the collision model concepts of the theory of floculation in disperse systems. The parameters derived from the microprocess analysis (energy dissipation, content of solids, growth rate of individual grains) lead to model equations which are confirmed by laboratory and test trials.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

Velocities of Disappearance and Lifetime of Faces of Growing Crystals

The formulae for absolute R_disap and relative R velocities of disappearance and lifetime τ of faces of growing crystals have been derived for stationary growth. It was shown that the quantities are determined by the relative growth velocity R_A/R_critA of the vanishing face A with respect to the critical growth velocity R_critA and by the geometry of a crystal expressed by the trigonometric functions of interfacial angles β and γ formed between face A and the adjacent faces. R increases and τ decreases with the increase in R_A/R_critA to certain limiting values. The calculations have been verified and illustrated by the experimental results for triclinic potassium bichromate (KBC) crystals. Results enable ones to predict values of velocities of disappearance and lifetimes of undesirable, supplementary faces of any real crystal.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.