超顺磁性Fe3O4@SiO2复合纳米粒子的制备、表征和性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,用改进的Stber方法在Fe3O4纳米粒子外面包覆一层SiO2。采用IR、XRD、SEM、PPMS等方法对Fe3O4纳米粒子和Fe3O4@SiO2复合纳米粒子进行了表征。分析研究了Fe3O4@SiO2复合纳米粒子的磁学性能和热稳定性。结果表明:Fe3O4@SiO2复合粒子比Fe3O4纳米粒子有更好的热稳定性和分散性。Fe3O4@SiO2复合粒子的饱和磁化强度(Ms)随着正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)浓度的升高而下降,随着氨水浓度的升高而先增加再减小,呈线性依赖关系。且Fe3O4纳米粒子在600℃热处理3h后已经完全转化为Fe2O3,复合粒子在800℃热处理后仍然只显示Fe3O4的物相。     

CuFe2O4/改性活性炭磁性复合材料表征及其吸附性能

运用化学沉淀法合成了CuFe2O4/改性活性炭(MAC)磁性纳米复合材料,并研究其对罗丹明B(Rh B)的吸附性能.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和比表面积测定仪等技术对其理化性质进行了表征,分析表明复合材料颗粒大小在10～100 nm之间;探讨了CuFe2O4/MAC磁性复合材料吸附Rh B的过程,考察了溶液的pH值、Rh B的初始质量浓度、温度等因素对吸附的影响.结果 表明:CuFe2O4/MAC磁性复合材料可有效吸附去除Rh B,其吸附过程适合准二级动力学模型及吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,饱和吸附容量为73.54 mg/g.CuFe2O4/MAC磁性复合材料具有较好吸附性能和磁响应性,易于分离回收,可作为一种有效去除水体污染物的吸附材料.     

活性炭负载纳米零价铁去除水溶液中U(Ⅵ)的研究

采用NaBH4还原Fe2+制备活性炭负载纳米零价铁,以去除水溶液中铀酰离子,使用X射线衍射(XRD)对材料进行了表征,考察了活性炭负载纳米零价铁投加量、溶液pH值、反应温度和吸附时间对铀去除效果的影响.分别用动力学和吸附等温模型对吸附数据进行了分析.结果表明:XRD分析活性炭负载纳米零价铁负载的颗粒大部分为纳米零价铁,表面有一层铁氧化物(FeOOH)生成.活性炭负载纳米零价铁对U(Ⅵ)具有很好的去除效果,当投加量为0.5 g/L、U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为250 mg/L、pH =5、温度为35℃、时间为60 min时,U(Ⅵ)去除率为98.52;,吸附量为492.6 mg/g.吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型,所制备的吸附剂有望解决含铀废水难以有效处理等问题.     

四氧化三铁纳米团簇的表面修饰及生物毒性研究

采用微波辅助溶剂热法制备了四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米团簇.为了改善团簇的稳定性,用改进的St(o)ber法,在Fe3O4团簇的表面包覆—层氧化硅(SiO2),成功制备出核-壳结构的Fe3O4@SiO2粒子.用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米粒度仪、Zeta电位、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、MTT比色法等测试手段,对样品的形貌、结构、粒径分布、胶体稳定性、磁学性质及生物毒性进行了研究,结果表明:所制备的Fe3O4纳米团簇平均尺寸约为60nm,尺寸均匀,在室温下表现出超顺磁性.包覆后的核-壳结构Fe3O4@SiO2粒子平均尺寸约为150 rn,具有良好的水分散性和胶体稳定性,包覆前后的样品均具有低的生物毒性.     

不同沉淀剂对锰锌功率铁氧体磁性能的影响

分别以NaOH、NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O和(NH4)2C2O4-NH3·H2O-NaOH为沉淀剂,利用共沉淀沸腾回流法制备锰锌功率铁氧体Mn07Zn02Fe2.1O4.然后将制备的样品用XRD、VSM和SEM测试其结构、磁性能和微观形貌.结果表明:以NaOH为沉淀剂制备的样品团聚现象严重,而以NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O和(NH4)2C2O4-NH3·H2 O-NaOH为沉淀剂制备的样品避免了大量Na+的影响,粒子之间团聚现象减弱,样品的饱和磁化强度Ms要高于以NaOH为沉淀剂的.同时,样品的矫顽力Hc也相应降低.以NH4HCO3-NH3·H2O和(NH4)2C2O4-NH3·H2O-NaOH为沉淀剂的样品晶粒均匀性较好,烧结活性好.     

氨基功能化磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯去除电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

使用改良的hummers法制备出的氧化石墨烯为载体,采用共沉淀法制备出磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯(MGO),再使用三乙烯四胺(TETA)对磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯进行氨基功能化,制备出氨基功能化磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯吸附剂.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TETA-MGO的物相、化学组成和微观形貌进行表征,以TETA-MGO作为吸附剂去除电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ),探讨吸附性能和吸附机理,分析TETA-MGO在外加磁场下的液固分离和再生吸附性能.结果表明纳米级立方尖晶石相磁性CoFe2O4均匀生长于氧化石墨烯的表面和片层之间,TETA通过C-N键与磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO)相连,氨基功能化成功,活性吸附位点增点.室温下,pH =2时吸附效果最佳,吸附120 min时达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量约为48.66 mg·g-1,TETA-MGO对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学和吸附热力学可分别使用拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型描述,吸附过程主要属于化学吸附控制的单分子层吸附,使用外加磁场可以对TETA-MGO实现简单的固液分离,TETA-MGO经过6次再生吸附后,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量仅下降19.67;,说明具有良好的循环再生吸附能力.     

超顺磁Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备及弛豫性能

采用简单的共沉淀法制备聚丙烯酸包覆、良好亲水性的Fe3 O4纳米粒子,研究了不同Fe2+和Fe3+比例对所得纳米粒子的影响.高分辨率透射电镜和X-射线衍射分析证实所得产物为Fe3 O4,红外光谱分析和热重分析表明微粒表面成功包覆聚丙烯酸.纳米粒子的粒径大小和分布用透射电镜分析,平均晶粒大小用X-射线衍射分析.结果表明,Fe2+:Fe3+加入摩尔比1:1.5、1:1.75和1:2所得3个纳米颗粒的透射电镜分析平均粒径分别为7.2 nm、6.7 nm和8.3 nm,X-射线衍射分析平均晶粒大小分别为9.1 nm、8.2 nm和9.1 nm.激光粒度仪分析表明所得样品均含有部分大粒径的颗粒,应是颗粒出现部分团聚.磁性分析证实所得样品具有良好的超顺磁性.弛豫性能分析表明1:1.5样品适合用于T1造影剂,1:1.75和1:2适合用于T2造影剂.该研究可为磁共振造影剂的性能优化提供参考.     

Al-Fe3O4体系在机械力化学过程中的物理化学变化

将纳米磁性粒子嵌入到绝缘基体中形成的磁性复合粒子,在许多方面具有重要意义.本文利用Al-Fe3O4通过机械力化学方法原位生成Fe/Al2O3 磁性复合粒子.通过对球磨不同时间的Al-Fe3O4粉末进行X射线衍射(XRD)和示差扫描量热(DSC)分析,结果表明Al-Fe3O4混合粉末通过机械力化学方法可获得Fe/Al2O3复合粒子.同时较为详细地研究了上述体系在机械力化学过程中的物理化学变化,并提出了机械力化学过程中Al-Fe3O4体系固相反应的方式.     

棒状超顺磁性铁锰复合氧化物制备及对Pb2+吸附性能的研究

采用水热-共沉淀法,以N,N-二甲基十二烷基氧化胺(DDAO)与硬脂酸铁(Ⅲ)(STFE)组成的囊泡为软模板,FeSO4·7H2O为二价铁源,MnSO4·H2O为锰源,NaOH为碱源,制备铁锰复合氧化物.利用SEM、XPS和BET对样品进行了表征,并对复合氧化物磁性及复合氧化物对Pb2+的吸附性能进行了研究.结果表明,样品的形貌可通过不同煅烧温度进行调控,在500℃制备出样品是直径约为40 nm,长度约为150 nm棒状结构;对Pb2+吸附测试结果表明,在500 ℃制备的样品对Pb2+表现出优异的吸附性能,饱和吸附量为618.118 mg/g,重复5次使用后饱和吸附量仍在390 mg/g.特别是这种材料很好的超顺磁性(饱和磁化率为63.9814 A·m2/kg),可以实现对吸附剂有效的回收.     

可磁分离TiO2/BiOI复合纤维的制备及光催化性能

本工作合成了一种可磁分离TiO2/BiOI复合纳米纤维(TiO2/Fe3O4/BiOI),并研究了其可见光催化性能.通过静电纺丝技术获得TiO2纳米纤维,采用溶剂热法在TiO2纳米纤维表面生长Fe3 O4纳米颗粒,最后,在磁场辅助下,通过连续离子吸附反应(SILAR)法在TiO2/Fe3O4表面生长了BiOI纳米片.结果表明,Fe3O4纳米颗粒直径均一,均匀分布在TiO2纳米纤维表面.BiOI纳米片呈交错状垂直沉积在TiO2纳米纤维表面,BiOI纳米片的负载量可以通过SILAR的循环次数控制.光催化测试表明,由于BiOI对可见光吸收的增加,以及与TiO2间形成的半导体异质结,TiO2/Fe3 O4/BiOI复合纳米纤维的光催化效率均高于TiO2/Fe3 O4纳米纤维.此外,TiO2/Fe3 O4/BiOI对外磁场有强的响应,易于进行磁分离回收.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Dissociation of LiAlO2 and LiGaO2

The thermodynamic calculations of dissociation of LiAlO₂ and LiGaO₂ as function of temperature and oxygen pressure are presented. It has been found that LiGaO₂ evaporates congruently at the melting point under the oxygen pressure equal to 1 · 10^—5 atm. LiAlO₂ evaporates incongruently, the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure at the melting point is equal to 9.6 · 10^—5 atm and the partial pressure of Li and Al oxides decrease with increasing of oxygen pressure.     

The Improvement of Superconductivity in PbxBi2-xSr2CaCu2Oy

In this paper we present the results of recent studies on the improvement of superconductivity in Pb_xBi_2-xSr₂CaCu₂O_y single crystals by preventing impurities incorporation, employing ZrO₂ crucible for crystal growth and post annealing the as-grown crystals in vacuum or argon. It is realized that the superconductivity of as-grown crystals is improved.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Ru掺杂MoS2对SO2F2和H2S气体吸附的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理探讨了Ru掺杂的单层MoS₂(Ru-MoS₂)的结构及其对SF₆绝缘设备中的两种主要分解气体SO₂F₂和H₂S的传感和吸附行为。Ru原子进入硫空位从而产生Ru-MoS₂,结果表明,Ru-MoS₂对SO₂F₂和H₂S气体的吸附能(E_ad)分别为-1.52和-2.11 eV,属于化学吸附。通过能带分析(BS)和态密度(DOS)分析进一步证明了两个体系的吸附性能,并阐述了Ru-MoS₂用于电阻式气体传感器时的气体吸附传感机制。除此之外,本文在理论上探索了不同温度下Ru-MoS₂解吸附SO₂F₂和H₂S的恢复时间,在598 K温度下,SO₂F₂吸附体系的恢复时间为6...     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)