酸碱性对雾化施液CMP氧化锆陶瓷的影响

采用精细雾化施液CMP这一抛光工艺对氧化锆陶瓷进行抛光,实验研究了抛光液中具有代表性的酸碱调节剂对抛光氧化锆陶瓷材料去除率、表面形貌和表面粗糙度的影响及酸碱性对精细雾化施液分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:针对精细雾化液抛光工艺配制的二氧化硅抛光液在碱性环境中分散稳定性更好,虽然酸性抛光液对材料去除率更高,但酸对氧化锆陶瓷表面腐蚀性过大,不宜抛光氧化锆陶瓷;有机碱作为调节剂抛光后的表面质量明显优于无机碱及无机酸、有机酸;乙二胺配置的碱性抛光液精细雾化后抛光氧化锆陶瓷可获得优质超光滑低损伤表面及较高加工效率,表面粗糙度Rq为1.67 nm,材料去除率达182.23 nm/min.     

磨料粒度对雾化施液CMP抛光速率的影响及机理研究

针对超声波雾化施液化学机械抛光过程中磨料的机械作用和化学特性从化学动力学及分子动力学两方面研究了抛光液磨料粒度对材料去除速率的影响和机理.采用不同粒度的磨料及组合进行了雾化施液CMP抛光实验.实验结果表明:磨料粒径在15 nm至30 nm范围内,粒度比较大的磨料能够传递更多的机械能,较小的磨料比较大的磨料具有更强的化学活性,对硅片表面材料的去除影响更为显著.向当前抛光液中加入5wt;的15 nmSiO2时,材料去除率增加至196.822 nm/min,而加入相同质量的30 nm SiO2时,材料去除率增加至191.828 nm/min.说明小尺寸的磨料在雾化施液CMP过程中不仅起着机械作用,还起着增强化学活性的作用.     

碲锌镉晶体高效低损伤CMP工艺研究

本文采用新型的自行研制的化学机械抛光液,对碲锌镉晶体进行了化学机械抛光方法的尝试性试验,并分析了在化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中抛光垫的硬度、磨料的种类、氧化剂、抛光液的pH值对表面质量和材料去除率的影响,提出适合软脆功能晶体碲锌镉的高效低损伤抛光工艺.结果表明,采用自行研制的带有硝酸的化学机械抛光液,在pH优化值为2.5时,15 min即可获得Ra为0.67 nm的超光滑无损伤表面,大大提高了加工效率和精度.     

低亚表面损伤的YCOB晶体超精密抛光

通过选择合适的研磨剂、抛光垫以及抛光材料,采用机械抛光与CMP抛光相结合的方法对应用于高激光损伤阈值的薄膜基体材料YCOB晶体进行表面加工.通过优化研磨抛光工艺后得到超光滑晶体表面,样品表面在125μm×94μm的范围内粗糙度RMS值达到0.6 nm,同时具有非常低的亚表面损伤层,经过超声清洗和有机溶剂刻蚀后,在高倍显微镜下无明显划痕.     

LBO晶体超光滑表面抛光机理

胶体SiO2抛光LBO晶体获得无损伤的超光滑表面,结合前人对抛光机理的认识,探讨了超光滑表面抛光的材料去除机理,分析了化学机械抛光中的原子级材料去除机理.在此基础上,对胶体SiO2抛光LBO晶体表面材料去除机理和超光滑表面的形成进行了详细的描述,研究抛光液的pH值与材料去除率和表面粗糙度的关系.LBO晶体超光滑表面抛光的材料去除机理是抛光液与晶体表面的活泼原子层发生化学反应形成过渡的软质层,软质层在磨料和抛光盘的作用下很容易被无损伤的去除.酸性条件下,随抛光液pH值的减小抛光材料的去除率增大;抛光液pH值为4时,获得最好的表面粗糙度.     

提拉法制备铜单晶基片的化学机械抛光研究

采用提拉法成功制备出高纯铜(Cu)单晶,最大尺寸为φ15 mm×60 mm.采用化学机械抛光(CMP)方法对Cu单晶基片进行抛光,借助光学显微镜、表面轮廓仪和扫描探针显微镜分析了基片表面形貌、表面粗糙度与表面均匀性,并探讨了抛光压力、表面活性剂和抛光垫对基片表面抛光的影响,结果表明:采用CMP加工后的铜单晶基片表面无宏观划痕、加工均匀性好,基片表面粗糙度Ra为0.921 nm.     

硒化锌的化学机械抛光研究

采用化学机械抛光(CMP)的方法,自制抛光液作为研磨介质,对(50×50×1.5)mm3硒化锌(ZnSe)晶片抛光.通过分析抛光液的pH值、抛光盘转速、抛光液的磨料浓度、压力、抛光时间和抛光液流量等参数对CMP的影响,组合出最佳工艺参数,并通过原子力显微镜和平晶测试方法对最佳工艺参数获得的ZnSe晶片进行测试,实验结果显示,ZnSe晶片抛光后的表面粗糙度Ra为0.578 nm,平面面形误差小于1.8 μm.     

抛光液酸碱性对固结磨料抛光硫化锌晶体的影响

硫化锌晶体是一种重要的红外光学材料,在红外成像、导弹制导、红外对抗等红外技术领域应用广泛.抛光液能够与工件及抛光垫发生化学反应从而影响工件表面质量和材料去除率.实验采用乙二胺、氢氧化钠、柠檬酸、盐酸分别配制不同的酸碱性抛光液,研究抛光液酸碱性对固结磨料抛光硫化锌晶体材料去除率、表面形貌和表面粗糙度的影响.实验结果表明:酸性抛光液抛光的材料去除率高于碱性抛光液;柠檬酸抛光液可同时获得优表面质量和高加工效率,抛光后的晶体表面粗糙度Sa值为4.22 nm,材料去除率为437 nm/min.     

4H-SiC的强氧化液化学机械抛光

研究了一种新型的化学机械抛光方法,使用以KMnO4作为氧化剂的强氧化性化学机械抛光液(SOAS)进行化学机械抛光.研究了在4H-SiC硅面和碳面的化学机械抛光过程中,SOAS溶液中KMnO4的浓度对抛光质量的影响.使用原子力显微镜(AFM)和精密电子天平,分别测试了表面粗糙度和去除率.结果表明,适量的KMnO4可以大幅度提高4H-SiC的化学机械抛光去除率,同时可提高4H-SiC衬底的表面抛光质量.     

化学机械磨削(CMG)加工单晶硅片

单晶硅是半导体行业重要的功能材料,加工时首先被切割成晶片,然后通过研磨和抛光获得光滑表面.本文介绍了一种新的化学机械磨削(CMG)工艺,用于硅片的终端加工.CMG是把化学反应和机械磨削融为一体的固结磨料加工工艺,在加工效率、磨粒可控性、废料处理等方面优于化学机械抛光(CMP).利用CMG加工单晶硅片,能有效减小亚表面损伤和消除残余应力,对碳化硅、氮化硅、蓝宝石等其它功能材料的超精密加工具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Modelling of mechanism of agglomeration of KCl crystallization

The article presents an analysis into agglomeration during KCl vacuum crystallization. The theoretical and experimental investigations into the mechanism of agglomeration during mass crystallization result in an extension of the growth phenomena within the known model equations. The basis for this is essentially constituted by the collision model concepts of the theory of floculation in disperse systems. The parameters derived from the microprocess analysis (energy dissipation, content of solids, growth rate of individual grains) lead to model equations which are confirmed by laboratory and test trials.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

Velocities of Disappearance and Lifetime of Faces of Growing Crystals

The formulae for absolute R_disap and relative R velocities of disappearance and lifetime τ of faces of growing crystals have been derived for stationary growth. It was shown that the quantities are determined by the relative growth velocity R_A/R_critA of the vanishing face A with respect to the critical growth velocity R_critA and by the geometry of a crystal expressed by the trigonometric functions of interfacial angles β and γ formed between face A and the adjacent faces. R increases and τ decreases with the increase in R_A/R_critA to certain limiting values. The calculations have been verified and illustrated by the experimental results for triclinic potassium bichromate (KBC) crystals. Results enable ones to predict values of velocities of disappearance and lifetimes of undesirable, supplementary faces of any real crystal.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.