Geometrically nonlinear vibration of laminated composite cylindrical thin shells with non-continuous elastic boundary conditions

The geometrically nonlinear forced vibration response of non-continuous elastic-supported laminated composite thin cylindrical shells is investigated in this paper. Two kinds of non-continuous elastic supports are simulated by using artificial springs, which are point and arc constraints, respectively. By using a set of Chebyshev polynomials as the admissible displacement function, the nonlinear differential equation of motion of the shell subjected to periodic radial point loading is obtained through the Lagrange equations, in which the geometric nonlinearity is considered by using Donnell’s nonlinear shell theory. Then, these equations are solved by using the numerical method to obtain nonlinear amplitude–frequency response curves. The numerical results illustrate the effects of spring stiffness and constraint range on the nonlinear forced vibration of points-supported and arcs-supported laminated composite cylindrical shells. The results reveal that the geometric nonlinearity of the shell can be changed by adjusting the values of support stiffness and distribution areas of support, and the values of circumferential and radial stiffness have a more significant influence on amplitude–frequency response than the axial and torsional stiffness.

     

Nonlinear vibrations of rotating thin circular cylindrical shell

Nonlinear vibrations of thin circular cylindrical shells are investigated in this paper. Based on Love thin shell theory, the governing partial differential equations of motion for the rotating circular cylindrical shell are formulated using Hamilton principle. Taking into account the clamped-free boundary conditions, the partial differential system is truncated by using the Galerkin method. Sequentially, the effects of temperature, geometric parameters, circumferential wave number, axial half wave number and rotating speed on the nature frequency of the rotating circular cylindrical shell are studied. The dynamic responses of the rotating circular cylindrical shell are also investigated in time domain and frequency domain. Then, the effects of nonlinearity, excitation and damping on frequency responses of steady solution are investigated.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a quarter vehicle system with external periodic excitation

In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic model of a quarter vehicle with nonlinear spring and damping is established. The dynamic characteristics of the vehicle system with external periodic excitation are theoretically investigated by the incremental harmonic balance method and Newmark method, and the accuracy of the incremental harmonic balance method is verified by comparing with the result of Newmark method. The influences of the damping coefficient, excitation amplitude and excitation frequency on the dynamic responses are analyzed. The results show that the vibration behaviors of the vehicle system can be control by adjusting appropriately system parameters with the damping coefficient, excitation amplitude and excitation frequency. The multi-valued properties, spur-harmonic response and hardening type nonlinear behavior are revealed in the presented amplitude-frequency curves. With the changing parameters, the transformation of chaotic motion, quasi-periodic motion and periodic motion is also observed. The conclusions can provide some available evidences for the design and improvement of the vehicle system.     

Identification of multiple directional damages in a thin cylindrical shell

In this paper, a structural damage identification method (SDIM) is developed to identify the line crack-like directional damages generated within a cylindrical shell. First, the equations of motion for a damaged cylindrical shell are derived. Based on a theory of continuum damage mechanics, a small material volume containing a directional damage is represented by the effective orthotropic elastic stiffness, which is dependent of the size and the orientation of the damage with respect to the global coordinates. The present SDIM is then derived from the frequency response function (FRF) directly solved from the equations of motion of a damaged shell. In contrast with most existing SDIMs which require the modal parameters measured in both intact and damaged states, the present SDIM may require only the FRF-data measured at damaged state. By virtue of utilizing FRF-data, one may choose as many sets of excitation frequency and FRF measurement point as needed to acquire a sufficient number of equations for damage identification analysis. The numerically simulated damage identification tests are conducted to study the feasibility of the present SDIM.     

An analytical study of the non-linear vibrations of cylindrical shells

The primary resonance response of simply supported circular cylindrical shells is investigated using the perturbation method. Donnell's non-linear shallow-shell theory is used to derive the governing partial differential equations of motion. The Galerkin technique is then employed to transform the equations of motion into a set of temporal ordinary differential equations. Considering only the primary resonance case, the method of multiple scales is used to study the periodic solutions and their stability. The necessary and sufficient conditions for appearance of the so-called companion mode are also discussed. To this end, a range of the possible multi-mode solution is obtained for response and excitation amplitudes and also excitation frequency as a function of damping, geometry and material properties of the shell. Parametric studies are performed to illustrate the effect of different values of thickness, length and material composition on the possibility of the companion mode participation in primary resonance response.     

Application of subharmonic resonance for the detection of bolted joint looseness

Bolted joint structures are prone to bolt loosening under environmental and operational vibrations, which may severely affect the structural integrity. This paper presents a bolt looseness recognition method based on the subharmonic resonance analysis. The bolted joint structure was simplified to a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear model, and a multiple timescale method was used to explain the phenomenon of the subharmonic resonance and conditions for the generation of subharmonics. Numerical simulation predictions for the generation of the subharmonics and conditions for the subharmonics can be found with respect to the excitation frequency and the excitation amplitude. Experiments were performed on a bolt-joint aluminum beam, where the damage was simulated by loosening the bolts. Two surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers were utilized to generate continuous sinusoidal excitation and to receive corresponding sensing signals. The experimental results demonstrated that subharmonic components would appear in the response spectrum when the bolted structure was subjected to the excitation of twice its natural frequency. This subharmonic resonance method was found to be effective on bolt looseness detection.     

Torsional vibration and stability of functionally graded orthotropic cylindrical shells on elastic foundations

In this study, the torsional vibration and stability problems of functionally graded (FG) orthotropic cylindrical shells in the elastic medium, using the Galerkin method was investigated. Pasternak model is used to describe the reaction of the elastic medium on the cylindrical shell. Mixed boundary conditions are considered. The material properties and density of the orthotropic cylindrical shell are assumed to vary exponentially in the thickness direction. The basic equations of the FG orthotropic cylindrical shell under the torsional load resting on the Pasternak-type elastic foundation are derived. The expressions for the critical torsional load and dimensionless torsional frequency parameter of the FG orthotropic cylindrical shell resting on elastic foundations are obtained. The effects of variations of shell parameters, the exponential factor characterizing the degree of material gradient, orthotropy, foundation stiffness and shear subgrade modulus of the foundation on the critical torsional load and dimensionless torsional frequency parameter are examined.     

电活性聚合物圆柱壳静态与动态电压下的响应及稳定性

摘要：在电活性聚合物圆柱壳内外表面施加电压,圆柱壳会变薄并且伸长,因此相同的电压会在圆柱壳内产生更大的电场。这个正反馈可能使圆柱壳厚度不断变薄,最终导致其失稳破坏。本文研究了电活性聚合物圆柱壳在静态和周期电压作用下的响应及稳定性问题。采用neo-Hookean材料模型得到描述圆柱壳表面运动的非线性常微分方程。给出了圆柱壳在不同厚度和边界条件下外加电压随圆柱壳变形的变化曲线,结果表明存在一个临界电压,当外加电压大于这一临界值时,圆柱壳将被破坏。同时,也讨论了厚度和边界条件对临界电压的影响。圆柱壳在正弦周期电压作用下,其运动随时间的变化是周期性的或拟周期性的非线性振动。给出了圆柱壳振动固有频率的计算结果,采用打靶法得到圆柱壳振动的周期解,并且用数值法研究了周期解的稳定性。采用数值仿真得到圆柱壳振动振幅随外加动态电压激励频率的变化曲线,结果表明圆柱壳会发生多频共振,共振时圆柱壳振幅发生跳跃,导致圆柱壳失稳破坏。最后给出共振点临近点的振动曲线和相图,并对其振动特性进行讨论。     

Nonlinear vibration of a rotating laminated composite circular cylindrical shell: traveling wave vibration

In this paper, the large-amplitude (geometrically nonlinear) vibrations of rotating, laminated composite circular cylindrical shells subjected to radial harmonic excitation in the neighborhood of the lowest resonances are investigated. Nonlinearities due to large-amplitude shell motion are considered using the Donnell’s nonlinear shallow-shell theory, with account taken of the effect of viscous structure damping. The dynamic Young’s modulus which varies with vibrational frequency of the laminated composite shell is considered. An improved nonlinear model, which needs not to introduce the Airy stress function, is employed to study the nonlinear forced vibrations of the present shells. The system is discretized by Galerkin’s method while a model involving two degrees of freedom, allowing for the traveling wave response of the shell, is adopted. The method of harmonic balance is applied to study the forced vibration responses of the two-degrees-of-freedom system. The stability of analytical steady-state solutions is analyzed. Results obtained with analytical method are compared with numerical simulation. The agreement between them bespeaks the validity of the method developed in this paper. The effects of rotating speed and some other parameters on the nonlinear dynamic response of the system are also investigated.     

Complex Dynamics of a Pyranose Ring Structure Molecule Attached to an Atomic Force Microscope

Dynamic numerical simulations were performed for a pyranose ring structure molecule attached to an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) using a standard semiempirical potential energy surface model. The fundamental static force-extension behavior was first determined using a slow pulling base excitation at the AFM probe. The static force-extension curve displays a stiffness nonlinearity, both softening and hardening, that depends upon level of the pulling force. For the dynamic analysis, a single harmonic base excitation is applied to the AFM probe. A typical evolution process from periodic to aperiodic or chaotic motion obtained by varying the excitation frequency and amplitude is discussed. A strong chaotic response motion was generated for certain system parameters. The numerical analysis shows this chaotic response arises from a molecular structure conformational change.     

两种典型螺栓连接结构的刚度特性比较研究

针对法兰对接和径向套接两种典型舱段螺栓连接形式,基于有限元静刚度计算、动力学简化建模、冲击响应特性分析及结构冲击试验,系统研究了两种连接形式的轴向刚度特性及其对动力学冲击响应的影响.有限元静刚度分析揭示了法兰对接与径向套接的轴向拉压刚度分别是非对称的和对称的,而法兰对接的平均刚度更大.之后,为两种连接形式建立了统一的动力学模型,证明非对称的轴向拉压刚度导致结构在受到横向载荷作用时会产生附加的耦合轴向振动,并且利用高精度幂函数拟合刚度跳变,得到耦合轴向振动频率是弯曲振动频率的二倍的结论.最后,通过冲击动力学试验证明了法兰对接存在二倍频的耦合轴向振动,而径向套接则不存在该耦合振动.径向套接虽然一阶频率较低,但阻尼效果更好.     

Vibration characteristics of a spherical–cylindrical–spherical shell by a domain decomposition method

A domain decomposition method is used to analyze the free and forced vibration characteristics of a spherical–cylindrical–spherical shell, based on Reissner–Naghdi's thin shell theory. The joined shell is divided into some cylindrical and spherical shell segments along the meridional (longitudinal) direction. Double mixed series, i.e., Fourier series and Chebyshev polynomials, are employed as the admissible displacement functions to obtain the discretized equation of motion for the joined shell. Numerical comparisons with the results derived by FEM and those available in the previous literature are made to validate the present method. Moreover, the effects of length-to-radius and radius-to-thickness ratios on the natural frequencies are also investigated.     

NONLINEAR VIBRATION RESPONSE AND BIFURCATION OF CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER TRAVELING CONCENTRATED HARMONIC EXCITATION

The nonlinear vibration of a cantilever cylindrical shell under a concentrated harmonic excitation moving in a concentric circular path is proposed. Nonlinearities due to large-amplitude shell motion are considered, with account taken of the effect of viscous structure damping. The system is discretized by Galerkin's method. The method of averaging is developed to study the nonlinear traveling wave responses of the multi-degrees-of-freedom system. The bifurcation phenomenon of the model is investigated by means of the averaged system in detail. The results reveal the change process and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the periodic solutions of averaged equations.     

Stability of fluid-conveying periodic shells on an elastic foundation with external loads

This paper presents the beam-mode stability of a fluid-conveying periodic shell on an elastic foundation subjected to external loading. A transfer matrix (TM) method was developed to investigate the characteristics of steady-state waves in the system and the dynamic response of the periodic shell system. When subjected to external perturbations, including either a moving load or a stationary one, the shell may be subjected to instability for flow velocities exceeding a certain critical velocity. The system can also become unstable when a travelling load exceeds a certain critical value. The coupled effects of the speed of a moving load and the flow velocity of a fluid on the stability of the shell system were also investigated. A periodic structure was designed for such a shell system to enhance its dynamic stability. The periodic shell system produces innumerable velocity band gaps (VBGs), which could raise the critical velocity and extend the stable range for both the moving load and the flowing fluid. Finally, the formation mechanism of the VBGs was studied, as well as the effects of the thickness, length of the shell cells, Young׳s modulus and stiffness of the elastic foundation on modulating the VBGs.     

Free vibration analysis of a finite circular cylindrical shell in contact with unbounded external fluid

The free flexural vibration of a finite cylindrical shell in contact with external fluid is investigated. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and irrotational. The cylindrical shell is modeled by using the Rayleigh–Ritz method based on the Donnell–Mushtari shell theory. The fluid is modeled based on the baffled shell model, which is applied to fluid–structure interaction problems. The kinetic energy of the fluid is derived by solving the boundary-value problem. The natural vibration characteristics of the submerged cylindrical shell are discussed with respect to the added virtual mass approach. In this study, the nondimensionalized added virtual mass incremental factor for the submerged finite shell is derived. This factor can be readily used to estimate the change in the natural frequency of the shell due to the presence of the external fluid. Numerical results showed the efficacy of the proposed method, and comparison with previous results showed the validity of the theoretical results.     

Coupled lateral-torsional-axial vibrations of a helical gear-rotor-bearing system

Considering the axial and radial loads, a math- ematical model of angular contact ball bearing is deduced with Hertz contact theory. With the coupling effects of lateral, torsional and axial vibrations taken into account, a lumped-parameter nonlinear dynamic model of helical gearrotor-bearing system （HGRBS） is established to obtain the transmission system dynamic response to the changes of dif- ferent parameters. The vibration differential equations of the drive system are derived through the Lagrange equation, which considers the kinetic and potential energies, the dis- sipative function and the internal/external excitation. Based on the Runge-Kutta numerical method, the dynamics of the HGRBS is investigated, which describes vibration properties of HGRBS more comprehensively. The results show that the vibration amplitudes have obvious fluctuation, and the frequency multiplication and random frequency components become increasingly obvious with changing rotational speed and eccentricity at gear and bearing positions. Axial vibration of the HGRBS also has some fluctuations. The bearing has self-variable stiffness frequency, which should be avoided in engineering design. In addition, the bearing clearance needs little attention due to its slightly discernible effect on vibration response. It is suggested that a careful examination should be made in modelling the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a helical gear-rotor-bearing system.     

Propagation of harmonic waves along open circular cylindrical shells reinforced with a quasiregular set of discrete longitudinal ribs

We obtain the exact solution describing the propagation of harmonic waves along an open cylindrical shell reinforced with a quasiregular set of discrete longitudinal ribs. Numerical examples are used to examine the effect of discrete ribs on the number and shape of dispersion curves and the effect of the stiffness and inertial characteristics of the ribs on the excitation frequency for given wave parameters     

Reduced-order models for nonlinear vibrations of fluid-filled circular cylindrical shells: Comparison of POD and asymptotic nonlinear normal modes methods

The aim of the present paper is to compare two different methods available for reducing the complicated dynamics exhibited by large amplitude, geometrically nonlinear vibrations of a thin shell. The two methods are: the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and an asymptotic approximation of the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of the system. The structure used to perform comparisons is a water-filled, simply supported circular cylindrical shell subjected to harmonic excitation in the spectral neighbourhood of the fundamental natural frequency. A reference solution is obtained by discretizing the partial differential equations (PDEs) of motion with a Galerkin expansion containing 16 eigenmodes. The POD model is built by using responses computed with the Galerkin model; the NNM model is built by using the discretized equations of motion obtained with the Galerkin method, and taking into account also the transformation of damping terms. Both the POD and NNMs allow to reduce significantly the dimension of the original Galerkin model. The computed nonlinear responses are compared in order to verify the accuracy and the limits of these two methods. For vibration amplitudes equal to 1.5 times the shell thickness, the two methods give very close results to the original Galerkin model. By increasing the excitation and vibration amplitude, significant differences are observed and discussed. The response is investigated also for a fixed excitation frequency by using the excitation amplitude as bifurcation parameter for a wide range of variation. Bifurcation diagrams of Poincaré maps obtained from direct time integration and calculation of the maximum Lyapunov exponent have been used to characterize the system.     

Experimental investigation of a single-degree-of-freedom system with Coulomb friction

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) system with a metal-to-metal contact under harmonic base or joined base-wall excitation. The experimental results are compared with those yielded by mathematical models based on a SDoF system with Coulomb damping. While previous experiments on friction-damped systems focused on the characterisation of the friction force, the proposed approach investigates the steady response of a SDoF system when different exciting frequencies and friction forces are applied. The experimental set-up consists of a single-storey building, where harmonic excitation is imposed on a base plate and a friction contact is achieved between a steel top plate and a brass disc. The experimental results are expressed in terms of displacement transmissibility, phase angle and top plate motion in the time and frequency domains. Both continuous and stick-slip motions are investigated. The main results achieved in this paper are: (1) the development of an experimental set-up capable of reproducing friction damping effects on a harmonically excited SDoF system; (2) the validation of the analytical model introduced by Marino et al. (Nonlinear Dyn, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-04983-x) and, particularly, the inversion of the transmissibility curves in the joined base-wall motion case; (3) the systematic observation of stick-slip phenomena and their validation with numerical results.     

Wave propagation in circular cylindrical shells with periodic axial curvature

The propagation of longitudinal and flexural waves in axisymmetric circular cylindrical shells with periodic circular axial curvature is studied using a finite element method previously developed by the authors. Of primary interest is the coupling of these wave modes due to the periodic axial curvature which results in the generation of two types of stop bands not present in straight circular cylinders. The first type is related to the periodic spacing and occurs independently for longitudinal and flexural wave modes without coupling. However, the second type is caused by longitudinal and flexural wave mode coupling due to the axial curvature. A parametric study is conducted where the effects of cylinder radius, degree of axial curvature, and periodic spacing on wave propagation characteristics are investigated. It is shown that even a small degree of periodic axial curvature results in significant stop bands associated with wave mode coupling. These stop bands are broad and conceivably could be tuned to a specific frequency range by judicious choice of the shell parameters. Forced harmonic analyses performed on finite periodic structures show that strong attenuation of longitudinal and flexural motion occurs in the frequency ranges associated with the stop bands of the infinite periodic structure.