C1-algebras without idempotents

The simplest statement of the main results are these: Let π be a free group on 2 generators. Let Cπ be the complex ring and L¹π the ring extension to L¹ sums. Then L¹π contains no idempotents. Furthermore, if α ? Cπ, β?L¹π are nonzero, then αβ ≠ 0. The first result is in the direction of proving that a certain simple $\text{C}{}^1\text{-}\text{algebra}$ has no idempotents yielding a counter-example to the suggestion that simple $\text{C}{}^1\text{-}\text{algebras}$ are generated by their projections.     

Extensions of factorial states of C1-algebras

Let A be a $\text{C}{}^1$-algebra, B be a $\text{C}{}^1$-subalgebra of A, and φ be a factorial state of B. Sometimes, φ may be extended to a factorial state of A by a tensor product method of Sakai (“$\text{C}{}^1$-algebras and $\text{W}{}^1$-algebras, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/ New York 1971”). Sometimes, there is a weak expectation of A into $\text{π}{}_{\mathrm{\phi }}\text{(B)}$, and then factorial extensions may be found by a method of Sakai and Tsui (Yokohama Math. J.29 (1981), 157–160). These two methods are shown to have the same effect, and the factorial extensions produced by them are analysed.     

A Dunford-Pettis theorem for L1H∞⊥

The spaces in the title are associated to a fixed representing measure m for a fixed character on a uniform algebra. It is proved that the set of representing measures for that character which are absolutely continuous with respect to m is weakly relatively compact if and only if each m-negligible closed set in the maximal ideal space of L^∞ is contained in an m-negligible peak set for H^∞. J. Chaumat's characterization of weakly relatively compact subsets in $\text{L}{}^1\text{H}{}^{\mathrm{\infty \perp }}$ therefore remains true, and $\text{L}{}^1\text{H}{}^{\mathrm{\infty \perp }}$ is complete, under the first conditions. In this paper we also give a direct proof. From this we obtain that $\text{L}{}^1\text{H}{}^{\mathrm{\infty \perp }}$ has the Dunford-Pettis property.     

Nonlinear boundary value problems and operators TT1

We consider nonlinear boundary value problems of the type $\text{L? + N? = 0}$ for the existence of solutions. It is assumed that L is a 2nth-order linear differential operator in the real Hilbert space S = L²[a, b] which admits a decomposition of the form $\text{L =}{}^{\mathrm{TT1}}$ where T is an nth-order linear differential operator and N is a nonlinear operator defined on a subspace of S. The decomposition of L induces a natural decomposition of the generalized inverse of L. Using the method of “alternative problems,” we split the boundary value problem into an equivalent system of two equations. The theory of monotone operators and the theory of nonlinear Hammerstein equations are then utilized to consider the solvability of the equivalent system.     

Santaló's inequality on Cn by complex interpolationInégalité de Santaló sur Cn par interpolation complexe

A new approach to Santaló's inequality on $\text{C}{}^{\mathrm{n}}$ is obtained by combining complex interpolation and Berndtsson's generalization of Prékopa's inequality. To cite this article: D. Cordero-Erausquin, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 767–772.     

Resolvable decomposition of Kn1

In this paper, we prove that $\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{n}}{}^1$ admits a resolvable decomposition into TT₃ or C₃ if and only if n ≡ 0 (mod. 3), n ≠ 6.     

Almost resolvable decomposition of Kn1

In this paper, we show that the complete symmetric directed graph with n vertices $\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{n}}{}^1$ admits an almost resolvable decomposition into TT₃ (the transitive tournament on 3 vertices) or C₃ (the directed cycle of length 3) if and only if n ≡ 1(mod 3).     

The Lyapunov matrix equation SA+A1S=S1B1BS

The matrix equation $\text{SA+A}{}^1\text{S=S}{}^1\text{B}{}^1\text{BS}$ is studied, under the assumption that (A, B¹) is controllable, but allowing nonhermitian S. An inequality is given relating the dimensions of the eigenspaces of A and of the null space of S. In particular, if B has rank 1 and S is nonsingular, then S is hermitian, and the inertias of A and S are equal. Other inertial results are obtained, the role of the controllability of (A¹, B¹S¹) is studied, and a class of D-stable matrices is determined.     

The covering problem for the fields Q(−1)12 and Q(−3)12

Let k be a positive square free integer, $\text{N(?k)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ the ring of algebraic integers in $\text{Q(?k)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ and S the unit sphere in C_n, complex n-space. If A₁,…, A_n are n linearly independent points of C_n then L = {u₁Au + … + u_nA_n} with $\text{u}{}_{\mathrm{r}}\text{∈ N(?k)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ is called a k-lattice. The determinant of L is denoted by d(L). If L is a covering lattice for S, then $\text{θ(S, L) =}\text{V(S)}\text{d(L)}$ is the covering density. L is called locally (absolutely) extreme if θ(S, L) is a local (absolute) minimum. In this paper we determine unique classes of extreme lattices for k = 1 and k = 3.     

A Hamiltonian decomposition of K2m1, 2m ≥ 8

It is shown that $\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{2m}}{}^1$, 2m ≥ 8, can be decomposed into Hamiltonian circuits. A direct construction utilizing difference methods is given for 2m ≡ 0 (mod 4). The case 2m ≡ 2 (mod 4) is handled inductively by means of a construction which shows that $\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{4m\; ?\; 2}}{}^1$ admits such a decomposition if $\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{2m}}{}^1$ does.     

Rickart C1 algebras,II

The theory of inner-outer factorization in the Hardy spaces H^p in the unit disc $\text{D}$ is well known and has many applications. It does not carry over to the spaces H^p on the polydisc $\text{D}$ⁿ or the ball $\text{B}$ⁿ when n > 1. However, for Lumer's Hardy spaces (LH)^p on any simply connected complex analytic manifold, we introduce the notions of internal and external functions and prove that every f? (LH)^p has a factorization f = I_ε × E_ε, where I_ε is internal and E_ε is external, and E_ε? (LH)^p?ε, for any ε > 0. The factorization is not unique and an example of Rudin shows that the ε is needed, at least when $\text{p =}\text{2}\text{m}$, where m is an integer.     

On the expansion of Cϱ1(V + I) as a sum of zonal polynomials

The coefficients a_τ?, sometimes called “generalized binomial coefficients” in the expansion $\text{C}{}_{\mathrm{?}}{}^1\text{(V +I) = Σ}{}_{\mathrm{\tau }}\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{?\tau }}\text{C}{}_{\mathrm{\tau }}{}^1\text{(V)}$, are computed explicitly when t = r + 1, where ? is a partition of r and τ a partition of t. A recursion formula permits the calculation of the general a_τ?. Several properties of a_τ? are proved. A connection between the a_τ? and other coefficients is established. The main tools used are Bingham's identity, results from the theory of invariant differential operators, and a lemma concerning zonal polynomials.     

Estimateur a posteriori en norme L∞ pour les équations elliptiquesL∞-a posteriori error estimator for elliptic equations

In this Note, we show that modification of Bank–Wieser estimator introduce an L^∞-a posteriori error estimator for conforming and nonconforming methods. We prove, without saturation assumption nor comparison with residual estimators, the equivalence with the L^∞ error. To cite this article: A. Agouzal, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 411–415.     

Embedding EnG in Euclidean space

It is shown that if G is an arbitrary upper semicontinuous decomposition of Eⁿ for which π(N_G embeds in S^m for some m?3, then the decomposition space $\text{E}{}^{\mathrm{n}}\text{G}$ embeds as a closed subset of E^n+m+1. The proof consists of constructing a cell-like upper semicontinuous decomposition G? of E^n+m+1 which intersects Eⁿ to yield precisely G and using Edwards' Cell-Like Approximation Theorem to show that G? is shrinkable. As an immediate corollary, $\text{E}{}^{\mathrm{n}}\text{G}$ embeds in E^n+2k+2 whenever G is an arbitrary k-dimensional upper semicontinuous decomposition of Eⁿ. This is an improvement of (n?1)-dimensions over the corresponding dimension theoretic result and examples due to Daverman show that this result is sharp in case n is odd and off by no more than one dimension in case n is even.