Competitive modes as reliable predictors of chaos versus hyperchaos and as geometric mappings accurately delimiting attractors

We consider real quadratic dynamics in the context of competitive modes, which allows us to view chaotic systems as ensembles of competing nonlinear oscillators. We find that the standard competitive mode conditions may in fact be interpreted and employed slightly more generally than has usually been done in recent investigations, with negative values of the squared mode frequencies in fact being admissible in chaotic regimes, provided that the competition among them persists. This is somewhat reminiscent of, but of course not directly correlated to, ??stretching (along unstable manifolds) and folding (due to local volume dissipation)?? on chaotic attractors. This new feature allows for the system variables to grow exponentially during time intervals when mode frequencies are imaginary and comparable, while oscillating at instants when the frequencies are real and locked in or entrained. In addition to an application of the method to chaotic attractors, we consider systems exhibiting hyperchaos and conclude that the latter exhibit three competitive modes rather than two for the former. Finally, in a novel twist, we reinterpret the components of the Competitive Modes analysis as simple geometric criteria to map out the spatial location and extent, as well as the rough general shape, of the system attractor for any parameter sets corresponding to chaos. The accuracy of this mapping adds further evidence to the growing body of recent work on the correctness and usefulness of competitive modes. In fact, it may be considered a strong ??a posteriori?? validation of the Competitive Modes conjectures and analysis.     

Emergence of chaotic regimes in the generalized Lorenz canonical form: a competitive modes analysis

The recently-developed technique of competitive modes analysis is applied to determine parameter regimes for which the generalized Lorenz canonical form, a system constructed by Celikovsky and Chen, which holds many other chaotic systems (such as the Lorenz system, the Lü system, the Chen system, and the Shimizu?CMorioka system), may exhibit chaotic behavior. We verify that the generalized Lorenz canonical form exhibits interesting behaviors in the many parameter regimes thus obtained, thereby demonstrating the great utility of the competitive modes approach in delineating chaotic regimes in multi-parameter systems, where their identification can otherwise involve tedious numerical searches.     

COMPLEX RELAXATION OSCILLATION TRIGGERED BY BOUNDARY CRISIS IN THE DISCRETE DUFFING MAP

多时间尺度问题具有广泛的工程与科学研究背景，慢变参数则是多时间尺度问题的典型标志之一.然而现有文献所报道的慢变参数问题，其展现出的振荡形式及内部分岔结构，大多较为单一，此外少有文献涉及到混沌激变的现象.本文以含慢变周期激励的达芬映射为例，探讨了一类具有复杂分岔结构的张弛振荡.快子系统的分岔表现为S形不动点曲线，其上、下稳定支可经由倍周期分岔通向混沌.而在一定的参数条件下，存在着导致混沌吸引子突然消失的一对临界参数值.当分岔参数达到此临界值时，混沌吸引子可能与不稳定不动点相接触，也可能与之相距一定距离.对快子系统吸引域分布的模拟，表明存在着导致边界激变（boundary crisis）的临界值，在这些值附近，经由延迟倍周期分岔演化而来的混沌吸引子可与2ⁿ（n=0，1，2，…）周期轨道乃至混沌吸引子共存.当慢变量周期地穿过临界点后，双稳态的消失导致原本处于混沌轨道的轨线对称地向此前共存的吸引子转迁，从而使系统出现了不同吸引子之间的滞后行为，由此产生了由边界激变所诱发的多种对称式张弛振荡.本文的结果丰富了对离散系统的多时间尺度动力学机理的认识.     

On the flow of a viscous fluid driven along a channel by suction at porous walls

This paper is a theoretical treatment of the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid driven along a channel by steady uniform suction through porous parallel rigid walls. Many authors have found such flows when they are symmetric, steady and two-dimensional, by assuming a similarity form of solution due to Berman in order to reduce the Navier-Stokes equations to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. We generalise their work by considering asymmetric flows, unsteady flows and three-dimensional perturbations. By use of numerical calculations, matched asymptotic expansions for large values of the Reynolds number, and the theory of dynamical systems, we find many more exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations, examine their stability, and interpret them. In particular, we show that most previously found steady solutions are unstable to antisymmetric two-dimensional disturbances. This leads to a pitchfork bifurcation, stable asymmetric steady solutions, a Hopf bifurcation, stable time-periodic solutions, stable quasi-periodic solutions, phase locking and chaos in succession as the Reynolds number increases.     

基于最优参数控制方法的齿轮系统混沌控制

基于最优参数控制方法,实现了齿轮传动系统中的混沌控制．以经典的间隙单齿轮副非线性动力学模型为研究对象,以啮合静载荷为控制参数,通过混沌吸引子中轨线的观测近似得到目标周期不动点、系统在目标不动点处的雅克比矩阵以及在控制原始参量处的梯度矩阵．最后运用最优参数控制策略计算得到啮合静载荷的小扰动量,实现了把齿轮系统的混沌运动镇定周期一轨道上的目的．研究结果表明,基于最优参数控制方法的控制过程,只是在控制的前几个周期内需要控制参数产生相对较大的扰动量,随着控制的继续进行,扰动量几乎稳定到了某一固定值,不再需要较大的变动．而且控制参数计算所需要的中间参量可以直接由混沌吸引子中轨线的观测近似得到,因而控制容易实现．     

Effect of Nonlinear Stiffness on the Motion of a Flexible Pendulum

In this paper, we study the effect of a harmonicforcing function and the strength of a nonlinearityon a two-degrees-of-freedom system namely, an elasticpendulum, with internal resonance (for examplenonlinearly elastic springs). The equations can alsobe used to model the coupling between a ship's pitchand roll. The system considered here is modeled by amass hanging from a spring that is pinned at one endto the ground. The mass is free to move in the radialdirection, is also free to rotate about the pin joint, and subject to a periodic forcing function. Theforcing function used in this paper is in thetangential direction. The amplitude of the forcingfunction is used here as the control parameter and thesystem's dynamics are studied through the variation ofthis parameter.The first part of the paper is dedicatedto establishing the route by which the motion of thesystem goes from a periodic attractor to a chaoticattractor. It was found that the route to chaos alwaysbegins with a secondary Hopf bifurcation followed byconsecutive torus-doubling bifurcations, ending withtorus breaking.A comparison was also made between the use of a linear spring, a weakly nonlinear spring, and astrongly nonlinear spring.This comparison showed that althoughthe route to chaos was not altered, the bifurcationsleading to chaos and the chaotic motion itselfoccurred at different frequency regimes. We observedthat the nonlinearity could aid the stabilizationof the periodicattractor beyond the previously seenthreshold of instability. Yet, if the strength of thenonlinearity is sufficiently large, it can lead tochaos in frequency regimes where chaos was notobserved previously. The strongly nonlinear systemshowed chaotic behavior for frequency regimes thatdisplayed only periodic motion for both the linearsystem and the weakly nonlinear system. The route tochaos for these frequency ranges was also found to bedifferent from that previously studied. This leads usto the hypothesis that chaos in this range was due tothe nonlinearity of the spring and not the coupling effect.     

复合材料层合板1:1参数共振的分岔研究

针对复合材料对称铺设各向异性矩形层合板的物理模型,在同时考虑了材料、阻尼和几何等非线性因素后,建立了二自由度非线性参数振动系统动力学控制方程,并应用多尺度法求得基本参数共振下的近似解析解,利用数值模拟分析了系统的分岔和混沌运动.指出了伽辽金截断对系统动力学分析的影响,以及系统进入混沌的途径.     

Simulation of the Onset of Nonstationarity and Chaos in a Hydrodynamic System Governed by a Small Number of Degrees of Freedom

The hypothesis of the onset of nonstationarity and chaos in a hydrodynamic system as a result of the nonlinear interaction of a small number of degrees of freedom is verified experimentally with reference to fluid convection in a toroidal channel. Regimes of motion of a fluid medium which correspond qualitatively to the Lorenz model are obtained experimentally. These include steady-state regimes, their bifurcations, nonuniqueness and instability, unsteady periodic and stochastic regimes. The spectral and statistical characteristics of the and unsteady processes are investigated, the nature of the onset of chaos is analyzed, and the results are compared with calculations. The mathematical model of the problem is refined.     

Analytical period-3 motions to chaos in a hardening Duffing oscillator

In this paper, bifurcation trees of period-3 motions to chaos in the periodically forced, hardening Duffing oscillator are investigated analytically. Analytical solutions for period-3 and period-6 motions are used for the bifurcation trees of period-3 motions to chaos. Such bifurcation trees are based on the Hopf bifurcations of asymmetric period-3 motions. In addition, an independent symmetric period-3 motion without imbedding in chaos is discovered, and such a symmetric period-3 motion possesses saddle-node bifurcations only. The switching of symmetric to asymmetric period-3 motions is completed through saddle-node bifurcations, and the onset of asymmetric period-6 motions occurs at the Hopf bifurcations of asymmetric period-3 motions. Continuously, the onset of period-12 motions is at the Hopf bifurcation of asymmetric period-6 motions. With such bifurcation trees, the chaotic motions relative to asymmetric period-3 motions can be determined analytically. This investigation provides a systematic way to study analytical dynamics of chaos relative to period-m motions in nonlinear dynamical systems.     

一类二维非自治离散系统中的复杂簇发振荡结构1）

簇发振荡是多时间尺度系统复杂动力学行为的典型代表,簇发振荡的动力学机制与分类问题是簇发研究的重要问题之一,但当前学者们所揭示的簇发振荡的结构大多较为简单.研究以非自治离散Duffing系统为例,探讨具有复杂分岔结构的新型簇发振荡模式,并将其分为两大类,一类经由Fold分岔所诱发的对称式簇发,另一类经由延迟倍周期分岔所诱发的非对称式簇发.快子系统的分岔表现为典型的含有两个Fold分岔点的S形不动点曲线,其上、下稳定支可经由倍周期（即Flip）分岔通向混沌.当非自治项（即慢变量）穿越Fold分岔点时,系统的轨线可以向上、下稳定支的各种吸引子（例如,周期轨道和混沌）进行转迁,因此得到了经由Fold分岔所诱发的各种对称式簇发;而当非自治项无法穿越Fold分岔点,但可以穿越Flip分岔点时,系统产生了延迟Flip分岔现象.基于此,得到了经由延迟Flip分岔所诱发的各种非对称簇发.特别地,文中所报道的簇发振荡模式展现出复杂的反向Flip分岔结构.研究结果表明,这与非自治项缓慢地反向穿越快子系统的Flip分岔点有关.研究结果丰富了离散系统簇发的动力学机理和分类.     

Chaos in Acoustic Subspace Raised by the Sommerfeld–Kononenko Effect

This paper deals with vibrations of an infinite plate in contact with an acoustic medium where the plate is subjected to a point excitation by an electric motor of limited power-supply. The whole system is divided into two “exciter - foundation” and “foundation-plate-medium”. In the system “motor-foundation” three classes of steady state regimes are determined: stationary, periodic and chaotic. The vibrations of the plate and the pressure in the acoustic fluid are described for each of these regimes of excitation. For the first class they are periodic functions of time, for the second they are modulated periodic functions, in general with an infinite number of carrying frequencies, the difference between which is constant. For the last class they correspond to chaotic functions. In another mathematical model where the exciter stands directly on an infinite plate (without foundation) it was shown that chaos might occur in the system due to the feedback influence of waves in the infinite hydro-elastic subsystem in the regime of motor shaft rotation. In this case the process of rotation can be approximately described as a solution of the fourth order nonlinear differential equation and may have the same three classes of steady state regimes as the first model. That is the electric motor may generate periodic acoustic waves, modulated waves with an infinite number of frequencies or chaotic acoustic waves in a fluid.     

The route to chaos for the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

We present the results of extensive numerical experiments of the spatially periodic initial value problem for the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. Our concern is with the asymptotic nonlinear dynamics as the dissipation parameter decreases and spatio-temporal chaos sets in. To this end the initial condition is taken to be the same for all numerical experiments (a single sine wave is used) and the large time evolution of the system is followed numerically. Numerous computations were performed to establish the existence of windows, in parameter space, in which the solution has the following characteristics as the viscosity is decreased: a steady fully modal attractor to a steady bimodal attractor to another steady fully modal attractor to a steady trimodal attractor to a periodic (in time) attractor, to another steady fully modal attractor, to another time-periodic attractor, to a steady tetramodal attractor, to another time-periodic attractor having a full sequence of period-doublings (in the parameter space) to chaos. Numerous solutions are presented which provide conclusive evidence of the period-doubling cascades which precede chaos for this infinite-dimensional dynamical system. These results permit a computation of the lengths of subwindows which in turn provide an estimate for their successive ratios as the cascade develops. A calculation based on the numerical results is also presented to show that the period-doubling sequences found here for the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, are in complete agreement with Feigenbaum's universal constant of 4.669201609.... Some preliminary work shows several other windows following the first chaotic one including periodic, chaotic, and a steady octamodal window; however, the windows shrink significantly in size to enable concrete quantitative conclusions to be made.This research was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NASA Contract No. NASI-18605 while the authors were in residence at the Institute of Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665. Additional support for the second author was provided by ONR Grant N-00014-86-K-0691 while he was at UCLA.     

Order and chaos in a new 3D dynamical model describing motion in non-axially symmetric galaxies

We present a new dynamical model describing 3D motion in non-axially symmetric galaxies. The model covers a wide range of galaxies from a disk system to an elliptical galaxy by suitably choosing the dynamical parameters. We study the regular and chaotic character of orbits in the model and try to connect the degree of chaos with the parameter describing the deviation of the system from axial symmetry. In order to obtain this, we use the Smaller ALingment Index (SALI) method to extensive samples of orbits obtained by integrating numerically the equations of motion, as well as the variational equations. Our results suggest that the influence of the deviation parameter on the portion of chaotic orbits strongly depends on the vertical distance z from the galactic plane of the orbits. Using different sets of initial conditions, we show that the chaotic motion is dominant in galaxy models with low values of z, while in the case of stars with large values of z the regular motion is more abundant, both in elliptical and disk galaxy models.     

Numerical Analysis of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in a Circular Pipe with Periodic Inflow Perturbations

The problem of the spatio-temporal evolution of perturbations introduced into the inlet cross-section of a circular pipe is solved numerically. The case of time-periodic inflow perturbations is considered for Re = 4000. It is shown that for relatively small inflow perturbations periodic flow regimes and for greater perturbations chaotic regimes are established.Periodic regimes the flow is a superposition of steady flow and a damped wave propagating downstream. The velocity profile of the steady component differs essentially from both the parabolic Poiseuille and developed turbulent flows and is strongly inhomogeneous in the angular direction. The angular distortion of the velocity profile is caused by longitudinal vortices developing as a result of the nonlinear interaction of inflow perturbations.Chaotic flow regimes develop when the amplitude of the inflow perturbations exceeds a certain threshold level. Stochastic high-frequency pulsations appear after the formation of longitudinal vortices in the regions of maximum angular gradient of the axial velocity. In the downstream part of the flow, remote from the transition region, the developed turbulent regime is formed. The distributions of all the statistical moments along the pipe level off and approach the values measured experimentally and calculated numerically for developed turbulent flows.     

Coherent structures and their influence on the dynamics of aeroelastic panels

A panel forced by a supersonic unsteady flow is numerically investigated using a finite difference method, a Galerkin approach, and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The aeroelastic model investigated is based on piston theory for modeling the flow-induced forces, and von Karman plate theory for modeling the panel. Structural non-linearity is considered, and it is due to the non-linear coupling between bending and stretching. Several novel facets of behavior are explored, and key aspects of using a Galerkin method for modeling the dynamics of the panel exhibiting limit cycle oscillations and chaos are investigated. It is shown that multiple limit cycles may co-exist, and they are both symmetric and asymmetric. Furthermore, the level of spatial coherence in the dynamics is estimated by means of POD. Reduced order models for the dynamics are constructed. The sensitivity to initial conditions of the non-linear aeroelastic system in the chaotic regime limits the capability of the reduced order models to identically model the time histories of the system. However, various global characteristics of the dynamics, such as the main attractor governing the dynamics, are accurately predicted by the reduced order models. For the case of limit cycle oscillations and stable buckling, the reduced order models are shown to be accurate and robust to parameter variations.     

Chaotic Vibrations of a Cylindrical Shell-Panel with an In-Plane Elastic-Support at Boundary

This paper presents numerical results on chaotic vibrations of a shallow cylindrical shell-panel under harmonic lateral excitation. The shell, with a rectangular boundary, is simply supported for deflection and the shell is constrained elastically in an in-plane direction. Using the Donnell--Mushtari--Vlasov equation, modified with an inertia force, the basic equation is reduced to a nonlinear differential equation of a multiple-degree-of-freedom system by the Galerkin procedure. To estimate regions of the chaos, first, nonlinear responses of steady state vibration are calculated by the harmonic balance method. Next, time progresses of the chaotic response are obtained numerically by the Runge--Kutta--Gill method. The chaos accompanied with a dynamic snap-through of the shell is identified both by the Lyapunov exponent and the Poincaré projection onto the phase space. The Lyapunov dimension is carefully examined by increasing the assumed modes of vibration. The effects of the in-plane elastic constraint on the chaos of the shell are discussed.     

Shil’nikov chaos in the 4D Lorenz–Stenflo system modeling the time evolution of nonlinear acoustic-gravity waves in a rotating atmosphere

The Lorenz–Stenflo system serves as a model of the time evolution of nonlinear acoustic-gravity waves in a rotating atmosphere. In the present paper, we study the Shil’nikov chaos which arises in the 4D Lorenz–Stenflo system. The analytical and numerical results constitute an application of the Shil’nikov theorems to a 4D system (whereas most results present in the literature deal with applying the Shil’nikov theorems to 3D systems), which allows for the study of chaos along homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits arising as solutions to the Lorenz–Stenflo system. We verify the observed chaos via competitive modes analysis—a diagnostic for chaotic systems. We give an analytical test, completely in terms of the model parameters, for the Smale horseshoe chaos near homoclinic orbits of the origin, as well as for the case of specific heteroclinic orbits. Numerical results are shown for other cases in which the general analytical method becomes too complicated to apply. These results can be extended to more complicated higher-dimensional systems governing plasmas, and, in particular, may be used to shed light on period-doubling and Smale horseshoe chaos that arises in such models.     

The research on Cournot–Bertrand duopoly model with heterogeneous goods and its complex characteristics

This paper details the research of the Cournot–Bertrand duopoly model with the application of nonlinear dynamics theory. We analyze the stability of the fixed points by numerical simulation; from the result we found that there exists only one Nash equilibrium point. To recognize the chaotic behavior of the system, we give the bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent spectrum along with the corresponding chaotic attractor. Our study finds that either the change of output modification speed or the change of price modification speed will cause the market to the chaotic state which is disadvantageous for both of the firms. The introduction of chaos control strategies can bring the market back to orderly competition. We exert control on the system with the application of the state feedback method and the parameter variation control method. The conclusion has great significance in theory innovation and practice.     

Multistability induced by two symmetric stable node-foci in modified canonical Chua’s circuit

This paper proposes a modified canonical Chua’s circuit using an one-stage op-amp-based negative impedance converter and an anti-parallel diode pair. Unlike the conventional Chua’s circuit, this modified canonical Chua’s circuit has one unstable zero node-focus and two stable nonzero node-foci, but complex dynamical behaviors including period, chaos, stable point, and coexisting bifurcation modes are numerically revealed and experimentally verified. Up to six kinds of coexisting multiple attractors, i.e., left-right limit cycles, left-right chaotic spiral attractors and left-right point attractors, are numerically depicted and physically captured. Furthermore, with dimensionless Chua’s equations, dynamical properties of the Chua’s system are investigated, and two symmetric stable nonzero node-foci are validated to exist in the selected parameter regions thus resulting in the emergence of multistability. Specially, multistability with six different steady states is revealed in a narrow parameter range. Within this parameter region, three bifurcation routes are displayed under different initial conditions, and three sets of topologically different and disconnected attractors are observed.     

Different types of nonlinear convective oscillation in a multilayer system

The nonlinear development of oscillatory instability under the joint action of buoyant and thermocapillary effects in a multilayer system is investigated. The nonlinear two-dimensional convective regimes are studied by the finite-difference method. Rigid heat-insulated lateral walls are considered. Different types of nonlinear flow, symmetric and asymmetric oscillations, have been found. It is shown that the oscillatory motion takes place in an interval of the Grashof number values bounded both from below (by the mechanical equilibrium) and from above (by the steady state). Cavities with different lengths are considered.