Etude Comparative de Cinq Vegetaux Mediterraneens par Analyses Thermique et Chimique

The comparative thermal and chemical study was done on five mediterranean plants: Acacia dealbata, Quercus coccifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Ulex parviflorus. Results were independent of the drying way of samples (110°C, 60°C or lyophilisation). The correlation between the maximum decomposition rate at about 300°C and the content of cellulose was confirmed. The samples cut on the same foot of Ulex parviflorus, in spring, produced, for the thorns and sprigs, a minimum in cellulose content, and a maximum in lignine content. The results were inverse in winter. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Application de la Spectroscopie Infra Rouge à L'étude du Comportement Thermique de la Cellulose Partie I.

In this work, we describe and evaluate the use of the Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy in DRIFT mode (diffuse reflectance infra red Fourier transform) in an environmental device to follow the functional evolution of cellulose during thermal treatments. The potentialities (and difficulties) of the technic are given. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comportement thermique du difluorodioxophosphate ferreux

Difluorodioxophosphates may be used as ceramic phosphate precursor, and their thermal behaviours are very important. In this paper we study by TG and DTA the thermal stability for iron(II) salt. In argon atmosphere, we obtain in a first time the melting of salt at 240°C then the classical breaking up into solid orthophosphate and POF₃ exhaust. If the sample of iron(II) difluorodioxophosphate is heating in air, we do not obtain the melting phenomena, but at the same temperature an exothermic phenomenon that conducts to the formation of iron(III). We observe a mass increase. By IR analysis, we can show that this oxidation is obtained without change of difluorodioxophosphate structure.     

Etude de la Degradation Thermique du Polystyrene Choc Ignifuge

The authors studied the ignifugation and the kinetic of thermal degradation of the Styrene-Butadiene copolymer with an intumescent system Ammonium polyphosphate-Pentaerythrinol-Melamine. For that, they used the thermogravimetric and oxygen index techniques. The best formulation of intumescent system which can give the optimum results is proposed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

PP-g-MAH对聚丙烯/滑石粉复合材料的性能影响

研究了两种马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）在不同含量时对聚丙烯（PP）/滑石粉复合材料的力学性能、雾化性能和线性膨胀系数的影响.结果表明,接枝物的加入能提高复合材料的拉伸性能、冲击性能和弯曲性能,但随着含量的增加拉伸强度、冲击强度和弯曲强度及弯曲模量有所降低.在含量相同时,接枝物1对冷凝组份的影响更小.复合材料的线性膨胀系数随接枝物含量的增加先减小后增加.     

聚丙烯鱼眼与晶点的成因

聚乙烯 (PE)、聚氯乙烯 (PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丙烯 (PP)等高分子材料在加工成型为薄膜时 ,常会出现气泡或小粒子 ,因气泡形状与鱼眼(Fisheyes)相似 ,故得名 .有关鱼眼的成因 ,都认为与挤出混合不均一或与高分子融体的污染有关 [1～ 4 ] ,也有人从 GPC的数据推测与聚丙烯的低分子成份有关 [5] ,但未用具体样品进行研究 .本文的鱼眼是指 PP在制作编织袋过程中出现的小气泡 ,此气泡随薄膜吹塑比增大而增大 ,在拉伸方向呈现中部最薄的鱼眼 ,是吹塑过程中的爆破点 .使 PP编织丝的强度达不到应有的要求而影响质量 .本文的晶点是指在膜上…     

Spinnability of Nanofilled Polypropylene

Summary: Spinnability of isotactic polypropylene iPP (melt flow 25 g/10 min) was studied after addition of three nanofillers at 0.3% by wt., two nanoclays and a modified hydrotalcite. TGA evidenced the increase of thermooxidation stability in nanofilled iPPs. All these iPP were successfully processed and tensile properties similar to those of iPP fibers were achieved. Processing and mechanical draw ratio were evaluated. Moreover, nanofilled iPP fibers appeared to be more prone to further drawing, as derived from both the maximum attainable strength and the maximum attainable drawing, as presented in the interpretation model of mechanical testing.     

硬弹性聚丙烯的表观密度特征

研究了硬弹性聚丙烯形成过程中表观密度的变化特征。结果表明,熔体温度下降、所受拉伸比增加或冷却风速度升高均可使表观密度增加。硬弹性聚丙烯经热处理后,表观密度有所增加。硬弹性聚丙烯在拉伸过程中,表观密度先下降而后增加,呈现出最低值,这一变化规律与硬弹性聚丙烯中片晶分离形成微孔的特性有关。     

硬弹性聚丙烯纤维分子链的取向特征

硬弹性聚丙烯是在应变结晶和热结晶两个复合过程中形成的。利用双折射并结合广角X射线衍射（WAXD）等方法，研究了硬弹性聚丙烯在制备过程中晶相及非晶相分子链取向的变化，讨论了分了链的取向与硬弹性的关系。结果发现：降低熔体温度或提高熔体拉伸比可以提高晶相及非晶相分子链的取向，热处理时，晶相分子链的取向程度有所提高，而非晶相分子链的取向程度有所下降。在所研究的热处理温度的范围内，硬弹性聚丙烯的弹性回复率越高，晶相分子链的取向程度越高。     

聚丙烯釜内合金的相态研究

聚丙烯釜内合金具有良好的刚韧平衡性能,历经30多年的发展,在包装、汽车和建筑等领域已得到广泛的应用。其优异的性能及复杂的多相、多组分结构更是引起了相关领域研究者的高度关注。聚丙烯釜内合金是一种在聚合釜内直接合成的多相、多组分聚合物体系,其初始产品常以粉末或球型颗粒的状态存在,具有非常复杂的相形态,并且在加工成型过程中,由于相形态的演变会形成更加丰富的微结构,从而对聚丙烯釜内合金最终的力学性能产生决定性的影响。目前对于聚丙烯釜内合金体系的分子链结构-聚集态结构-产品性能之间的构效关系仍然有很多问题亟待解决。近期研究表明在某些情况下,聚丙烯釜内合金体系中增韧相形成“核-壳”型结构(或多重“核-壳”型结构)时,可以实现最佳的刚性与韧性的平衡,但对于这些“核-壳”结构形成条件的控制及结构成分的精确测定仍有不足。本文主要总结了近年来聚丙烯釜内合金相态研究的进展,展望了该领域可能的发展方向。     

马来酸酐功能化聚丙烯的研究进展

简要叙述聚丙烯功能化的目的,介绍马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯实现功能化的几种实施方法,功能化聚丙烯的结构与性能表征,以及该功能化产物的应用。     

聚丙烯表面光氧化的XPS研究

利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了光氧老化的聚丙烯(PP)表面的化学结构和组成变化。结果表明:(1)在受光氧老化的PP表面上形成了C-O、C=O及O-C=O官能团;(2)低分子抗氧剂在PP表面发生富集;(3)表面Ols/Cls强度比率可以较好地与冲击强度保留率相关联。     

聚丙烯的交联

本文论述了聚丙烯的辐射交联、化学交联和二步法水交联的研究进展,特别对近年来获得成功的二步法水交联法中各种影响因素进行了介绍.     

改性聚丙烯表面成膜性

通过添加功能改性剂与聚丙烯（PP）共混,改善其润湿性能。结果表明：润湿改性后,改性PP单板成膜率显著提高,由19.9%提高到94.4%,而纯PP则变化不大,润湿改性PP的浸湿功为正值,液膜可稳定存在,此时单板液膜流动也较为稳定。     

Thio-organotin Antioxidants for Polypropylene: Reactivity towards t-Butyl Hydroperoxide

Various thio-organotin compounds have been reacted with t-butyl hydroperoxide in order to determine whether this oxidation can be responsible for the stabilizing capacity of some thio-organotins towards polyolefin degradation. The kinetics of t-butyl hydroperoxide disappearance, in the presence of thiotin compounds, shows different reactivity according to the structure of oranometallic reagent. Product analysis indicates organotin oxide, dialkyl disulfide and t-butanol as major reaction products. The reactivity sequence towards hydroperoxide is the same as the order observed for polypropylene stabilization.     

Rheological Behavior for Mica-filled Polypropylene Composite Melts

The study on rheological properties of a series of mica-filled polypropylene (PP) composites was carried out. The influence of surface-treatment of mica particles on dynamic rheological behavior of the composites were dealt with. The viscosity (η) and dynamic modulus ( G‘ ) of the composite melts were higher than those of PP matrix, especially those for systems treated with silane, which was attributed to the interfacial adhesion enhancement. However, surface-treatment of mica by titanate resulted in lower η and G‘, as compared with the treatment by silane. The reason for this is believed to be the formation of the mono-molecular layer on the mica surface.     

Diels-Alder反应可控制备交联等规聚丙烯

交联改性可以提升聚合物材料的机械性能、热稳定性及化学稳定性。 含有蒽基团的高质均分子量等规聚丙烯(iPP)可由配位共聚合反应制得,随后通过双官能的马来酰亚胺试剂与iPP中悬挂蒽基团间的Diels-Alder反应可以成功制备交联的iPP膜材料。 材料的交联度可以通过凝胶重量分析及膜红外分析得出,并由制备过程中交联剂的加入量有效地调控。 通过示差扫描量热仪(DSC)与广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)表征发现,随交联度增加,交联改性限制了分子链的运动,iPP的结晶度逐渐降低、结晶能力逐渐下降。 对交联材料的动态热机械分析仪(DMA)测试表明,随交联度增加,iPP的损耗模量逐渐降低,材料韧性变差。 交联iPP的T_g逐渐升高,说明材料的耐热性得到提升。 由于交联形成了聚合物链间的交联网络,形成了更多受力点并且限制了聚合物链的自由移动,交联材料的拉伸强度随交联度的升高而增加,而断裂伸长率逐渐下降。     

通用聚丙烯的偶联反应

通过熔融接枝的方法在聚丙烯(PP)分子链上接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA),制得PP接枝物PP-g-GMA,然后采用多个胺基的偶联剂聚六亚甲基胍(PHMG)对其进行偶联反应,制备偶联的聚丙烯(MPP)。通过与通用聚丙烯(EPS)以及进口专用料(PF-814)的对比,考察了经过偶联改性的MPP熔体的流变特性。结果表明:与原料EPS和PF-814相比,改性后MPP熔体的低频剪切区储能模量、挤出胀大、稳态柔量、零剪切黏度及熔体强度等都有明显增大。