低温液体流动沸腾数值计算中的相间传热模型

采用双流体模型预测了液氮在垂直管内的流动沸腾过程,着重考察和评价了五个常用的相间传热模型对数值计算结果的影响,找出了最优的相间传热模型;同时,研究还发现相间传热模型对流动压降的预测并无明显影响.     

竖直环形通道内液氮自然循环沸腾可视化实验研究

采用基于高速摄像手段的可视化方法研究了竖直环形通道内的液氮自然循环沸腾过程,建立了汽泡脱离直径及汽泡脱离频率的实验关联式,以新建方程结合双流体模型进行了数值计算。与实验数据的对比表明,建立的实验关联式对于液氮自然循环沸腾过程中的汽泡脱离直径及汽泡脱离频率具有很好的预测精度。     

低温液体核态流动沸腾传热的机理模型

对核态沸腾表面上的各种传热机理进行了分析和量化,建立了低温液体核态流动沸腾传热的机理模型,并将该模型纳入双流体模型实现了数值求解,数值预测的结果详细地反映出了壁面上各参数随流动的变化情况。该机理模型的计算结果表明,气泡挣脱后液体与过热壁面间的激冷效应是导致壁面上各参数在OSV处突变的根本原因。     

介质黏性对叶片式气液混输泵两相流动特性的影响

为了解介质黏性对气液混输泵外特性、流场及相间作用特性的影响,选取air-water和air-crude两组介质,基于ANSYS CFX对一叶片式气液混输泵进行了数值模拟,且对相间作用模型中最为主要的阻力模型进行了修正,大大提高了较高进口含气率下的模型预测能力。由于原油的黏性较大,流动损失增加,使泵的效率和增压均相对较低。当介质为air-water和air-crude时,四种相间作用力中均是阻力占主导,湍流弥散力与阻力相比其大小可以忽略,但介质为air-crude时的气液相间作用力相对较小.     

自由参数对基于双流体模型水锤计算精度影响的研究

本文采用气液两相双流体模型,分析探讨了该种计算模型对于计算带有液柱分离现象的水锤瞬变过程的准确性,同时研究了计算模型中自由参数对计算结果的影响,通过计算分析及实验验证,得到以下结论:1.采用气液两相双流体模型,考虑相间的质量分布,并采用类NND的高精度数值解法,可以较为准确的计算带有液柱分离现象弥合性水锤的瞬变过程。2.通过分析比对发现,双流体模型中的自由参数对于计算结果的影响中,气相波速改变对于计算结果精度的影响较大。     

液氮流动沸腾换热研究综述

作为一种优良的低温冷却剂,液氮在航天、电子工业、超导磁体和超导电缆冷却及低温生物医疗等领域应用广泛。在这些应用中,准确预测液氮的流动沸腾换热特性对于系统设计和安全运行十分重要。该文主要介绍了液氮流动沸腾换热的特点,对已有的实验和数值模拟结果进行了归纳;并比较了四个液氮流动沸腾换热计算关联式的预测情况,以及关联式中干度、质量流量、热流密度和压力对换热系数的影响;指出了有待进一步研究的课题。     

池沸腾传热的数学分析

在统计方法的基础上,对于池沸腾换热的传热机理提出了一个数学模型. 在没有增加新的经验常数的条件下,从该模型中可得到池沸腾热流密度是壁面过热度、活化穴最小与最大尺寸、流体的接触角与流体物理特性的函数. 该模型可以较好地解释润湿性如何影响沸腾热流密度. 对不同的接触角,模型预测的结果与实验相符合. 关键词： 池沸腾 传热 数学模型     

沸腾换热及临界热流的动态微液层模型

对于水平面上的池内饱和沸腾传热机理,本文提出了一种新的微液层理论模型。与以前的理论模型不同的是,微液层模型给出了传热面上气-液-固接触的动态构造。饱和沸腾换热的主要机理在于动态微液膜的蒸发并与单个气泡的动力学过程密切相关。该模型能很好地预测充分发展的核沸腾换热曲线。由沸腾曲线上的极大值而很自然地导出临界热负荷。理论计算结果和已有的实验的结果相当吻合。     

液氮中导线加热丝的沸腾传热特性研究

本文以50μm的磷青铜丝作为加热丝和测温元件,采用控制热流密度的方式测量了0°-90°倾角下加热丝在液氮中的沸腾曲线,结果表明:核态沸腾在增加热流密度时存在滞后现象;Bromley公式能准确的预测出膜态沸腾换热曲线的斜率,Zuber模型和Kutateladze公式预测水平细加热丝的CHF误差在15%以内;对于Leidenfrost热流密度的预测,常温流体的计算模型并不适用;CHF随倾角的变化较大,且大于加热平面在相同倾角下的变化幅度。     

多孔介质强化池内沸腾换热特性

为探讨多孔介质对强化池内沸腾传热的机理,在38×3mm的容器内上,应用多相流VOF模型,耦合多孔介质流动与传热模型,通过添加用户自定义程序实现了对光滑和多孔加热壁面的池内沸腾传热过程进行数值模拟。数值模拟结果与实验结果相符合,所建立的数学模型为多孔介质的沸腾传热研究提供了依据。     

Two-fluid equations for phonons without momentum

In the customary microscopic derivation of the two-fluid equations of liquid He II explicit use is made of the assumption that an elementary excitation of wave vector k carries a momentum ?k. In this paper it is shown that phonons in a liquid can be defined as carrying momentum ?k (Eulerian phonons) or zero momentum (Lagrangian phonons). A careful analysis—in particular of the concept “velocity of the bearer fluid”—shows that the two-fluid equations turn out to be the same in either case.     

A new formulation of Kapila’s five-equation model for compressible two-fluid flow,and its numerical treatment

A new formulation of Kapila’s five-equation model for inviscid, non-heat-conducting, compressible two-fluid flow is derived, together with an appropriate numerical method. The new formulation uses flow equations based on conservation laws and exchange laws only. The two fluids exchange momentum and energy, for which exchange terms are derived from physical laws. All equations are written as a single system of equations in integral form. No equation is used to describe the topology of the two-fluid flow. Relations for the Riemann invariants of the governing equations are derived, and used in the construction of an Osher-type approximate Riemann solver. A consistent finite-volume discretization of the exchange terms is proposed. The exchange terms have distinct contributions in the cell interior and at the cell faces. For the exchange-term evaluation at the cell faces, the same Riemann solver as used for the flux evaluation is exploited. Numerical results are presented for two-fluid shock-tube and shock-bubble-interaction problems, the former also for a two-fluid mixture case. All results show good resemblance with reference results.     

Two-phase flow model for energetic proton beam induced pressure waves in mercury target systems in the planned European Spallation Source

Two-phase flow calculations are presented to investigate the thermo-hydraulical effects of the interaction between 2 ms long 1.3 GeV proton pulses with a closed mercury loop which can be considered as a model system of the target of the planned European Spallation Source (ESS) facility. The two-fluid model consists of six first-order partial differential equations that present one dimensional mass, momentum and energy balances for mercury vapor and liquid phases are capable to describe quick transients like cavitation effects or shock waves. The absorption of the proton beam is represented as instantaneous heat source in the energy balance equations. Densities and internal energies of the mercury liquid-vapor system is calculated from the van der Waals equation, but general method how to obtain such properties using arbitrary equation of state is also presented. A second order accurate high-resolution shock-capturing numerical scheme is applied with different kind of limiters in the numerical calculations. Our analysis show that even 75 degree temperature heat shocks cannot cause considerable cavitation effects in mercury.     

���������ֵģ����EAST��һ���е�Ӧ��

介绍了过冷沸腾换热的数值模拟方法以及在EAST第一壁组件冷却系统中的应用.采用双流体模型,系统分析了过冷沸腾壁面换热过程中存在的各种换热模式,给出了Fluent软件封闭关系式中所需的质量、动量以及能量的交换项的形式.采用用户自定义函数(UDF)模拟壁面沸腾气化过程,对提出的模拟方法与已发表的实验数据对比进行了校核,得出合理的结论.最后分析了过冷沸腾两相流在EAST第一壁中的工程应用,模拟了热沉冷却结构的沸腾换热现象.为EAST PFCs的冷却结构优化提供了依据.     

Momentum distribution of Bose-condensed atomic hydrogen

We evaluate the kinetic energy and the momentum distribution of a Bose-condensed cloud of hydrogen gas inside a Ioffe–Pritchard trap, using a semiclassical two-fluid approach. The relationship between temperature and mean kinetic energy of the gas depends sensitively on the shape of the confining potential.     

Singular mechanics and Landau two-fluid model of superfluidity

We present a theoretical treatment of the Landau two-fluid model of superfluidity in liquid helium by means of the Dirac formalism. We introduce hydrodynamic considerations in a natural way by means of Lagrange multipliers. All constraints in phase space, in Dirac's sense, are second class and, as a consequence, the Dirac bracket differs strongly from the Poisson bracket. We calculate the Dirac bracket of the canonical variables, putting special interest on the density and the momentum density of the system. Our results generalize the results given by Dzyaloshinskii and Volovik and correct other published results.     

二分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的二超流体模型

4He超流体在一定温度下可用二流体模型描述,包括常规流体和超流体两种成分.用这种二流体模型来描述二分量玻色爱因斯坦凝聚时叫做二超流体模型,是从耦合Gross-Pitaevskii方程出发推导得到的.二超流体模型与4He超流体中的二流体模型非常相近.在特定条件下,二超流体中的两个波模行为非常接近4He超流体中二流体模型中...     

Forced magnetic reconnection and field penetration of an externally applied rotating helical magnetic field in the TEXTOR tokamak

The magnetic field penetration process into a magnetized plasma is of basic interest both for plasma physics and astrophysics. In this context special measurements on the field penetration and field amplification are performed by a Hall probe on the dynamic ergodic divertor (DED) on the TEXTOR tokamak and the data are interpreted by a two-fluid plasma model. It is observed that the growth of the forced magnetic reconnection by the rotating DED field is accompanied by a change of the plasma fluid rotation. The differential rotation frequency between the DED field and the plasma plays an important role in the process of the excitation of tearing modes. The momentum input from the rotating DED field to the plasma is interpreted by both a ponderomotive force at the rational surface and a radial electric field modified by an edge ergodization.     

流化床内超细颗粒的流动

基于气体分子运动论和颗粒动理学,建立超细颗粒气固两相湍流流动模型,模型考虑了气相与颗粒聚团之间以及颗粒聚团之间的动量和能量的传递和耗散。建立超细颗粒固相粘性系数、超细颗粒压力等物性参数计算模型。超细颗粒的聚团改变了单颗粒碰撞动力学以及颗粒相压力、粘性系数等输运特性。模型模拟计算颗粒聚团直径分布与Zhaolin等[1]实测值相吻合。