750 keV射频四极注入器束流动力学设计

 描述了一台750 keV，201.25 MHz的射频四极注入器束流动力学设计。在考虑与35 MeV质子直线加速器匹配、功耗小、传输效率高等原则的基础上，提出了加速器的技术要求。给出了两套设计方案的主要参数和设计结果。分析了能散度、发射度、Twiss参数、注入流强和能量等参数在非理想匹配条件下对束流传输效率的影响。比较了两套方案的异同点。模拟计算结果表明，两套设计方案均可以满足物理要求，传输效率都在99.3%以上。     

Design of shaped piezoelectric modal sensors for cantilever beams with intermediate support by using differential transformation method

In this paper a solution to the problem of finding the shape of piezoelectric modal sensors for a cantilever beam with intermediate support is proposed by using the differential transformation method (DTM). A general expression for designing the shape of a piezoelectric modal sensor is presented, in which the output signal of the designed sensor is proportional to the response of the target mode. Other modes are filtered out. The modal sensor shape is expressed as a linear function of the second spatial derivative of the structural mode shape function. By using boundary condition and continuity condition equations at intermediate support, the closed-form series solution of the second spatial derivative of the mode shapes can be determined based on DTM. Then the shapes of the designed modal sensors are obtained. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed modal sensors for the cantilever beam with intermediate support.     

Dynamic analysis of a multi-span uniform beam carrying a number of various concentrated elements

This paper employs the numerical assembly method (NAM) to determine the “exact” frequency–response amplitudes of a multiple-span beam carrying a number of various concentrated elements and subjected to a harmonic force, and the exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam for the case of zero harmonic force. First, the coefficient matrices for the intermediate concentrated elements, pinned support, applied force, left-end support and right-end support of a beam are derived. Next, the overall coefficient matrix for the whole vibrating system is obtained using the numerical assembly technique of the conventional finite element method (FEM). Finally, the exact dynamic response amplitude of the forced vibrating system corresponding to each specified exciting frequency of the harmonic force is determined by solving the simultaneous equations associated with the last overall coefficient matrix. The graph of dynamic response amplitudes versus various exciting frequencies gives the frequency–response curve for any point of a multiple-span beam carrying a number of various concentrated elements. For the case of zero harmonic force, the above-mentioned simultaneous equations reduce to an eigenvalue problem so that natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam can also be obtained.     

Vibration and stability of elastically supported multi-span beams under conservative and non-conservative loads

This paper deals with the vibration and stability of multi-span beams elastically supported against translation and rotation at several intermediate points as well as both ends. The beam is subjected to an axial or tangential load at the ends. The problem is studied on the basis of the Timoshenko beam theory. The influence of the support stiffness on the natural frequencies and the divergence and flutter instability loads are studied in detail.     

Forced vibrations of a continuous beam with ends elastically restrained against rotation

A survey of the literature shows that the title problem has not been studied to any great extent. In the present paper an approximate solution is obtained in the case of a beam with ends elastically restrained against rotation and an intermediate support. A sinusoidally varying excitation is assumed.     

Dynamic analysis of a beam with an intermediate elastic support

A survey of the literature shows that the title problem has not been studied to a great extent. In the present paper an approximate solution is obtained in the case of a beam with ends elastically restrained against rotation and an intermediate elastic support. When dealing with the forced vibrations situation a sinusoidally varying excitation is assumed.     

粒子束团状态对测量束流发射度及能量的影响

为了验证国产质子注入器的参数是否满足需求,注入器团队设计了束流测量系统用于测量国产质子直线注入器束流的流强、发射度、能量以及能散等关键指标。此测量系统包含了采用变聚焦法测量发散度、采用分析磁铁测量束流能量和能散的主要功能。利用束流输运线设计软件Tracewin(版本2.11.4.1)进行了系统束线的物理设计,对束测系统测量质子束流的发散度和能量的精度进行了模拟计算。由于经过RFQ-(APF)DTL加速后的粒子束团为“拖尾”的非理想粒子束团,需要针对非理想束团对束测系统测量发射度和能量产生的影响进行分析。通过对模拟计算结果的分析,发现相对于测量理想粒子束团的结果非理想粒子束团对束测系统测量发射度精度影响较大;非理想粒子束团对束测系统测量能量精度影响较小。     

On the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a multispan Timoshenko beam carrying a number of various concentrated elements

The purpose of this paper is to utilize the numerical assembly method (NAM) to determine the exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of the multispan Timoshenko beam carrying a number of various concentrated elements including point masses, rotary inertias, linear springs, rotational springs and spring–mass systems. First, the coefficient matrices for an intermediate pinned support, an intermediate concentrated element, left- and right-end support of a Timoshenko beam are derived. Next, the overall coefficient matrix for the whole structural system is obtained using the numerical assembly technique of the finite element method. Finally, the exact natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of the vibrating system are determined by equating the determinant of the last overall coefficient matrix to zero and substituting the corresponding values of integration constants into the associated eigenfunctions, respectively. The effects of distribution of in-span pinned supports and various concentrated elements on the dynamic characteristics of the Timoshenko beam are also studied.     

On possible spin injection at non-ideal Schottky contacts

The role of the tunneling mechanisms in metal-disordered layer-semiconductor structure under spin injection at the interface is investigated. The non-ideal metal-semiconductor structure as prepared by ionized cluster beam deposition is considered, and it is shown that the depletion region of the semiconductor can be tailored to include a suitably heavily doped region near the interface. The tunneling is described within a simplified model in which the expression for the interface resistance of the metal-disordered layer-semiconductor structure is obtained. It is argued that in the case of ionized cluster beam deposited non-ideal Schottky structure a significant spin injection is achieved.     

非理想氢原子束真空环境长程传输模拟研究

模拟研究了非理想氢原子束在真空环境下的长程传输效应。根据中性化程度的不同,将非理想束分为欠中性束和过中性束。通过建立束流传输的准电磁模型,研究了束流密度、中性化因子、空间磁场和弹性散射等因素对非理想氢原子束的影响。结果表明:对于欠中性束,负氢离子的存在对氢原子的传输几乎没有影响,因此欠中性束的发射装置可以考虑去除偏置磁场,以减小设备体积和质量;对于过中性束,束流损失率与束流密度和中性化因子有关,即束流密度越大,束流损失越大;中性化因子越高,束流损失就越高;而无论是欠中性束还是过中性束,空间磁场和粒子间的弹性散射对其传输都没有影响。     

Free vibration analysis of a uniform multi-span beam carrying multiple spring-mass systems

The literature regarding the free vibration analysis of single-span beams carrying a number of spring-mass systems is plenty, but that of multi-span beams carrying multiple spring-mass systems is fewer. Thus, this paper aims at determining the “exact” solutions for the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a uniform multi-span beam carrying multiple spring-mass systems. Firstly, the coefficient matrices for an intermediate pinned support, an intermediate spring-mass system, left-end support and right-end support of a uniform beam are derived. Next, the numerical assembly technique for the conventional finite element method is used to establish the overall coefficient matrix for the whole vibrating system. Finally, equating the last overall coefficient matrix to zero one determines the natural frequencies of the vibrating system and substituting the corresponding values of integration constants into the related eigenfunctions one determines the associated mode shapes. In this paper, the natural frequencies and associated mode shapes of the vibrating system are obtained directly from the differential equation of motion of the continuous beam and no other assumptions are made, thus, the last solutions are the exact ones. The effects of attached spring-mass systems on the free vibration characteristics of the 1-4-span beams are studied.     

Comments on nonlinear dynamics of a non-ideal Duffing-Rayleigh oscillator: Numerical and analytical approaches

An analytical and numerical investigation into the dynamic interaction between a cantilever beam with nonlinear damping and stiffness behavior, modeled by the Duffing-Rayleigh equation, and a non-ideal motor that is connected to the end of the beam, is presented. Non-stationary and steady-state responses in the resonance region as well as the passage through resonance behavior when the frequency of the excitation is varied are analyzed. The influences of nonlinear stiffness, nonlinear damping and the extent of the unbalance in the motor are examined. It is found that in this situation so-called Sommerfeld effects may be observed; the increase required by a source operating near the resonance results in a small change in the frequency, but there is a large increase in the amplitude of the resultant vibration and the jump phenomenon occurs.     

Optimal design of beams under flexural vibration

The minimum weight design of a cantilever beam in flexural vibration is considered. The aim is the maximization of a given natural bending frequency (usually the first) for a given beam weight or equivalently the minimization of beam weight for a specified value of a natural frequency. The beams considered are of rectangular section and are subject, in a range of cases presented, to a variety of constraints on lower and upper bounds on the cross-section dimensions or to the specification of a point mass at the end of the beam. Simple bending theory is regarded as applicable to the problem. A variational statement of the problem is made and the necessary conditions for a minimum are obtained as a system of non-linear equations which are solved numerically. Results are given in the form of tables and of figures showing computed optimum profiles. Some experiments on a sample set of beams of equal mass are described briefly. The optimum profile beam was found to have the greatest fundamental frequency, in support of the theoretical predictions.     

The dynamics of a non-premixed rotating detonation engine from time-resolved temperature measurements

The structure and dynamics of a hydrogen-air rotating detonation engine (RDE) are described based on 100-kHz laser absorption spectroscopy measurements of water temperature at four simultaneous locations within the detonation channel. The analysis focuses on the evolution of the flowfield over a 200 ms period for three separate air mass flow rate cases. Two-dimensional unwrapped visualizations of the temperatures show a flowfield structure containing regions with the detonation front, combustion products, oblique shock, and refilling reactants, qualitatively agreeing with previous simulations and experiments. A major conclusion is that water from the combustion products is measured throughout all space and time in the RDE, including near the injector, implying the presence of performance loss processes such as burning upstream of the detonation wave or the back recirculation of combustion products with fresh fuel–air. By analyzing the elevated temperatures of the reactants during the refill process, one estimation for the mass fraction of combustion products in the reactants is as high as 20–30% on average. This product mass fraction is found to be inversely proportional to the bulk air mass flow rate and decreases as time progresses. This indicates these non-ideal processes are more significant closer to RDE ignition for poorer performing operating conditions. For the largest air mass flow case, water temperatures near the nominally cold plenum conditions likely corroborate the presence of a recirculation region on the RDE inner body. Analysis of inter- and intra-cycle temperature dynamics further support non-ideal processes occurring behind the detonation wave and during the refill process. As a whole, the data indicates that the RDE performance is better as time progresses away from ignition or for higher air mass flow rates. These data are also important for comparison with numerical models.     

Beam propagation in elliptical fibres

We apply an operator method, based on the scalar wave equation, to study the propagation of a Gaussian light beam in an optical fibre with an arbitrary, elliptically symmetric refractive-index profile. We discover that ray optical results, while not capable of predicting the rapid distortion of an optical beam in a non-ideal refractive-index profile, successfully simulate the general form of the optical power distributions, even in non-ideal profiles. We find that the propagation patterns for elliptical fibres with and without a strongly scattering central index dip show several unexpected similarities.     

Dynamics of topological multipoles: I. High-order nonparaxial singular beams

Approximate boundary conditions for matching the high-order nonparaxial and paraxial singular beams propagating through free space or through a homogeneous isotropic medium are formulated. It is found that the nonparaxial and paraxial beams have almost the same structure both in the vicinity of the focal caustic and away from it. In the intermediate zone, the beam profiles are distorted, and a phase mismatch arises and increases with increasing mode order. The combined nonparaxial singular beams are devised, and their dynamics is studied. It is shown that the problem of matching the paraxial and nonparaxial wave functions may be reformulated as a problem of the phase matching for nonparaxial wave function. Such a problem is similar to the mode-dispersion problem and is unsolvable in terms of a linear problem for the entire optical axis. Thus, it makes sense to discuss either the precise matching of the paraxial and nonparaxial beams within small spatial zones or an approximate matching away from the focal plane but at long distances along the optical axis.     

Application of the Green functions to the problem of the thermally induced vibration of a beam

This paper considers the problem of the transverse vibrations of a beam induced by a mobile heat source. The formulation of the problem is based on the differential equations of heat conduction and transverse vibrations of the beam, which are complemented by suitable initial and boundary conditions. The effect of internal and external damping on the vibrations of the beam is considered. The solution to the problem in analytical form is obtained by using the properties of the Green functions. A time partitioning method has been used to avoid the difficulties associated with the slow convergence of the series occurring in the solution to the heat conduction problem. The numerical results of the thermally induced vibration of the beam are presented.     

Prediction capabilities of classical and shear deformable beam models excited by a moving mass

In this paper, a comprehensive assessment of design parameters for various beam theories subjected to a moving mass is investigated under different boundary conditions. The design parameters are adopted as the maximum dynamic deflection and bending moment of the beam. To this end, discrete equations of motion for classical Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko and higher-order beams under a moving mass are derived based on Hamilton's principle. The reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) and extended Newmark-β method are utilized for spatial and time discretization of the problem, correspondingly. The design parameter spectra in terms of the beam slenderness, mass weight and velocity of the moving mass are introduced for the mentioned beam theories as well as various boundary conditions. The results indicate the existence of a critical beam slenderness mostly as a function of beam boundary condition, in which, for slenderness lower than this so-called critical one, the application of Euler-Bernoulli or even Timoshenko beam theories would underestimate the real dynamic response of the system. Moreover, there would be a roughly linear relation between the weight of the moving mass and the design parameters for a certain value of the moving mass velocity in most cases of boundary conditions.     

Free vibration analysis of planar curved beams by wave propagation

In this paper, a systematic approach for the free vibration analysis of a planar circular curved beam system is presented. The system considered includes multiple point discontinuities such as elastic supports, attached masses, and curvature changes. Neglecting transverse shear and rotary inertia, harmonic wave solutions are found for both extensional and inextensional curved beam models. Dispersion equations are obtained and cut-off frequencies are determined. Wave reflection and transmission matrices are formulated, accounting for general support conditions. These matrices are combined, with the aid of field transfer matrices, to provide a concise and efficient method for the free vibration problem of multi-span planar circular curved beams with general boundary conditions and supports. The solutions are exact since the effects of attenuating wave components are included in the formulation. Several examples are presented and compared with other methods.     

编码源中子成像的可见光模拟

采用编码源能大大提高中子成像的中子注量率,同时保持较高的准直比。对改进的均匀冗余矩阵编码源中子成像进行了计算机模拟并利用可见光进行了实验,初步验证了编码源中子成像的可行性,并且探索了各种在非理想条件下成像对图像质量的影响并提出了解决方法。结果表明,编码源配合相关算法能够较好地重建图像,反解后的物体尺寸及分辨能力与单孔成像相当,同时缩短了曝光时间。若物体与理想成像面存在着位置或旋转偏差,则投影大小与探测器CCD像素、解码矩阵尺寸便不能对齐,但仍可以通过对图像背景噪声标准差的计算来后期修正图像,也可以利用此方法在实验前确定编码源成像系统中理想成像面的位置,以确保图像质量。