基于第二粘性的Navier-Stokes方程组求解正激波结构

为考察气体第二粘性（体积粘性）对正激波内部流动的影响机制,数值求解含第二粘性的一维Navier-Stokes方程组.结果表明：第二粘性对激波内部的密度、热流和能量分布等物理量具有抹平效应,导致热流和熵流的峰值减小、激波厚度增加,体积粘性耗散的增加使得一部分机械能转化为内能;考虑第二粘性所计算的密度分布和激波厚度大为改善,与实验数据吻合较好;当马赫数为1.2≤Ma≤10,激波内部的Knudsen数满足0.12≤Kn≤0.4,对于马赫数Ma≤4.0的激波内部流动,考虑第二粘性的连续流Navier-Stokes方程组能够准确地模拟正激波结构.     

α-Ti2Zr高压物性的第一性原理计算研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算获得了α-Ti₂Zr的晶体结构、弹性常数、德拜温度和电子分布情况, 研究了它们与压力的关系. 计算得到的晶体结构参数与实验值一致. 运用有限应变方法计算得到了α-Ti₂Zr的体积模量B、剪切模量G、杨氏模量E和泊松比σ. B和E的零压值分别为101.2和35.6 GPa. G/B的值较小, 并且随着压力的增加而减小, 表明α-Ti₂Zr具有优异的延展性. 基于弹性常数得到平均声速, 从而获得了德拜温度Θ=321.7 K. 通过解Christoffel方程获得的压缩波和剪切波数据揭示α-Ti₂Zr具有较强的各向异性. 此外, 压力诱导电子从s轨道到d轨道的转移说明在一定压力下α-Ti₂Zr将转变为β相. 关键词： 第一性原理 α-Ti₂Zr')" href="#">α-Ti₂Zr 物性 高压     

4pi聚焦系统中振幅和相位调制的径向偏振涡旋光束聚焦特性的研究

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式, 研究了径向偏振涡旋光束在振幅和相位调制下的4pi聚焦特性.振幅调制是通过振幅滤波实现, 即改变入射光束起始积分值达到调节,相位调制是通过添加相位延迟角δ 的液晶相位延迟器来改变入射光束的偏振态.模拟结果显示,随着振幅的减小, 4pi聚焦系统焦点附近的光轴上呈现出多光球结构; 而相位调制对焦点附近的光强分布产生拉伸作用, 即调节入射光束的拓扑核m和相位延迟器的延迟角δ,可以得到特殊的光强分布. 随着相位δ增大, m=0产生的多光球结构慢慢向光链结构转变,最终变成暗通道;而m=1产生的光链结构慢慢变成光球结构; m=2产生的暗通道变成光球和光链叠加的结构, 这种特殊聚焦光束在光学微操纵领域具有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 物理光学 偏振 光链 4pi聚焦系统     

光伏暗孤子和灰孤子的自偏转

分别用数值法和微扰法研究了考虑背景光时光伏暗空间孤子的自偏转特性.与亮孤子不同，暗孤子光束中心的运动轨迹不为抛物线.在归一化的直角坐标系(ξ,ζ)中，暗孤子朝ξ>0的方向偏转；同时，暗孤子光束中心光强发生改变.通过调节晶体对信号光和背景光的有效光伏系数之比r或信号光光强可以控制它的自偏转.还用数值方法研究了灰空间孤子的自偏转特性，发现灰孤子光束自偏转特性依赖于横向初速度v.当v>0时，灰孤子光束朝ξ>0的方向 关键词： 光伏空间暗孤子 光伏空间灰孤子 扩散效应 自偏转     

纳米AT13陶瓷喷涂层结合强度的分形维数表征

应用分形维数对微弧等离子喷涂纳米AT13涂层的界面进行研究,结果表明：随喷涂电流的增加,纳米AT13涂层的界面分维不断增大,其结合强度也不断提高;随着氩气压力的增加,纳米AT13涂层的界面分维和结合强度都先增大后减小;界面分维D可用于表征涂层结合强度σ,σ随D的增大而增大,且ln(σ)与D之间呈近似线性关系：ln(σ)=17.6D-26.2. 关键词： 纳米涂层 分形数维 界面 结合强度     

部分相干平顶光束通过湍流大气传输的等效曲率半径

推导出了部分相干平顶光束在湍流大气中传输的等效曲率半径的解析表达式,详细地研究了湍流对其等效曲率半径的影响.研究表明,湍流使得等效曲率半径R减小,但是只有当湍流足够强时等效曲率半径极小值出现的位置z_min才会改变.在弱湍流中,R随着光束相干长度β的增大而增大;但是在强湍流中,R随着β的增大而减小.R随着光束阶数M(N)的增大而缓慢减小.若β越大、 关键词： 等效曲率半径 湍流 部分相干平顶光束     

镁基合金自由枝晶生长的相场模拟研究

利用定量相场模型, 以Mg-0.5 wt.%Al合金为例模拟了基面((0001)面)内镁基合金的等温自由枝晶生长过程. 通过研究该合金体系数值模拟的收敛性, 获得了最优化值耦合参数λ = 5.5及网格宽度Δx/W₀ = 0.4, 并在该参数下系统研究了各向异性强度和过饱和度对枝晶尖端生长速度、尖端曲率半径、Péclet数及稳定性常数σ^* 的影响. 结果表明, 由微观可解性理论得到的稳定性系数σ^* 与ε₆ 拟合值σ^*≅ ε₆ ^1.81905, 更接近理想值σ ^* (ε₆) ≅ε₆ ^1.75. 此外, 当过饱和度Ω < 0.6时, 稳定性系数σ ^* 不随ε₆ 的变化而变化, 而当Ω > 0.6时, 稳定性系数σ ^* 随着ε₆ 的增加而减小. 这反映了枝晶的生长由扩散控制向动力学控制的转变. 随着过饱和度的增加, 枝晶形貌由雪花状枝晶向圆状枝晶转变.     

一端附壁高分子链的Monte Carlo研究

采用简立方格点上的Monte Carlo模拟,研究一端被无限大不可穿透平面壁吸附的高分子链的均方末端距<R²>,以及高分子链的质量中心到平面吸附壁的平均距离<Z>,与链长N、参数u(u=e^-ε/kT,ε是链骨架原子间的相互作用能量,k是玻耳兹曼常数,T是热力学温度)的关系。结果表明:<R²>和<Z>都服从标度律,<R²>=αN^γ,<Z>=βN^η,其中,γ、η、α、β都是u的函数;u从1减小到0.5,则γ从1.01增大到1.19,η从0.51增大到0.60.     

高能重离子碰撞中的J/ψ反常抑制现象

对NA50合作组给出的入射动量为158A GeV/c的Pb-Pb碰撞中的J/ψ反常抑制现象进行了分析.在J/ψ的核与随动者吸收理论基础上，假设了QGP相变在对心Pb-Pb碰撞中的产生及QGP环境对J/ψ粒子100%的吸收效应，从而改进了高能重离子碰撞中的J/ψ微分产生截面，理论较好地解释了实验结果. 关键词： J/ψ反常抑制')" href="#">J/ψ反常抑制 核吸收 随动者 夸克-胶子等离子体     

稠苯芳杂环及其烷基质子化学位移的计算

本文提出了予测稠苯芳杂环及其烷基链上质子化学位移的计算方法。 将稠苯芳杂环化合物用凯库勒式表示,计算式为为需考虑的苯环内的乙烯基效应。σ_mi,ci为各苯环的环流效应。σ_1,Hc为各芳杂环的屏蔽效应,对杂环上质子它就是该单独芳杂环上相应质子的δ值,对苯环上质子要将它分解为各结构因素的效应,即:σ_1,He=(1/2)^d-1δ_x=y(或σ_z)+σ_c-c·σ_m,H. σ_x-y与σ_z为杂原子或其基团的屏蔽效应,σ_c=c为存在于芳杂环中的乙烯基的效应,σ_m,Hc为芳杂环的环流效应,d为对不同质子所考虑的键数。有取代基时需考虑取代基的效应。计算环上烷基质子的公式为:δ=σ_p,CH3+ασ_c,CH3+βσ_t,CH3+σ_l,G σ_l,G为稠苯芳杂环基的某级效应。     

Geodesic acoustic modes and zonal flows in toroidally rotating tokamak plasmas

The effect of equilibrium toroidal rotation on the rotational eigen-modes in large aspect ratio tokamak is studied. The case of equilibrium with uniform plasma density on magnetic surfaces is considered. It is shown that the toroidal rotation results in a frequency up-shift of ordinary Geodesic Acoustic Modes. A new unstable low frequency branch of the continuum modes is found. This mode appears as a consequence of the non-uniform plasma pressure created by the centrifugal force on the magnetic surfaces. This mode represents a linear eigen-mode counterpart of Zonal Flow modes. It is shown that the growth rate of such a mode increases with the increase of the angular velocity of toroidal rotation.     

Reduced critical rotation for resistive-wall mode stabilization in a near-axisymmetric configuration

Recent DIII-D experiments with reduced neutral beam torque and minimum nonaxisymmetric perturbations of the magnetic field show a significant reduction of the toroidal plasma rotation required for the stabilization of the resistive-wall mode (RWM) below the threshold values observed in experiments that apply nonaxisymmetric magnetic fields to slow the plasma rotation. A toroidal rotation frequency of less than 10 krad/s at the q=2 surface (measured with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy using C VI) corresponding to 0.3% of the inverse of the toroidal Alfvén time is sufficient to sustain the plasma pressure above the ideal MHD no-wall stability limit. The low-rotation threshold is found to be consistent with predictions by a kinetic model of RWM damping.     

Toroidicity and shape dependence of peeling mode growth rates in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas

The growth rate of the peeling mode instability with large toroidal mode number is calculated for general axisymmetric toroidal plasmas, including tokamaks and the spherical torus(ST) equilibia by using formalism presented by Connor et al.Analytic equilibia with non-zero edge current density and quasi-uniform current profiles are assumed. It is found that in sharp D-shape tokamak plasma, the derivative of the safety factor with respect to the poloidal flux becomes very large,making the perturbed poloidal motion very large, in turn making a significant reduction of the growth rate of the peeling mode, similar to the X-point effect in diverted plasma. The large aspect ratio effect is also studied, which reduces the growth rate further.     

粘滞效应对非线性电阻撕裂模的影响

本文研究粘滞效应对非线性电阻撕裂模的影响。利用准环坐标将具有标量电阻率和粘滞系数的MHD方程简化为一组无量纲的非线性方程。并对这组方程采用二步交替隐式差分格式进行数值计算。结果给出了2/1模的演变过程对无量纲粘滞系数的依赖关系和电流密度的分布。发现粘滞效应对饱和磁岛宽度的修正大约为5％(此时R=10~(-5)),同时发现由于粘滞效应的引入导致电流分布在奇异面附近的涨落明显减小。     

The shrinking instability of toroidal liquid droplets in the Stokes flow regime

We analyze the stability and dynamics of toroidal liquid droplets. In addition to the Rayleigh instabilities akin to those of a cylindrical droplet there is a shrinking instability that is unique to the topology of the torus and dominates in the limit that the aspect ratio is near one (fat tori). We first find an analytic expression for the pressure distribution inside the droplet. We then determine the velocity field in the bulk fluid, in the Stokes flow regime, by solving the biharmonic equation for the stream function. The flow pattern in the external fluid is analyzed qualitatively by exploiting symmetries. This elucidates the detailed nature of the shrinking mode and the swelling of the cross-section following from incompressibility. Finally the shrinking rate of fat toroidal droplets is derived by energy conservation.     

Interchange-Ballooning Mode in l = 2 Helical Systems

A high shear toroidal helical system such as Heliotron E gives a limiting beta comparable to tokamaks, by examining stability against interchange-ballooning modes with a low toroidal mode number. The limiting beta depends on equilibrium pressure profiles and a high beta value is found for the pressure having a flat profile in the central region and a large pressure gradient at the high shear peripheral region of the plasma column.     

辐射驱动下主动式高精度冲击波速度精密诊断技术

激光加载可以产生比气泡加载更高的压力,是高压状态方程研究中一种新的加载方式。在激光加载高压状态方程(EOS)研究中,台阶靶是常用的靶型。针对传统台阶靶存在的预热膨胀问题,提出了使用主动式任意反射面速度干涉仪(VISAR)进行台阶靶预热和冲击波测量的方法。该技术利用条纹图移动量计算厚度增加量,利用冲击波到达自由面产生条纹跳变的时刻来获得精确的冲击波到达时刻。通过修正已测量台阶厚度与膨胀量,可以获得更加精确的台阶厚度值。通过精确的时间间隔可以得到冲击波传输的时间。在匀速传输的条件下可以获得高精度的冲击波传输速度。该方法在辐射驱动超高压条件下具有很好的适用性,可以为状态方程实验提供高精度的冲击波速度数据。     

Effect of static pressure on acoustic energy radiated by cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids under ultrasound

The effect of static pressure on acoustic emissions including shock-wave emissions from cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids under ultrasound has been studied by numerical simulations in order to investigate the effect of static pressure on dispersion of nano-particles in liquids by ultrasound. The results of the numerical simulations for bubbles of 5 μm in equilibrium radius at 20 kHz have indicated that the optimal static pressure which maximizes the energy of acoustic waves radiated by a bubble per acoustic cycle increases as the acoustic pressure amplitude increases or the viscosity of the solution decreases. It qualitatively agrees with the experimental results by Sauter et al. [Ultrason. Sonochem. 15, 517 (2008)]. In liquids with relatively high viscosity (～200 mPa s), a bubble collapses more violently than in pure water when the acoustic pressure amplitude is relatively large (～20 bar). In a mixture of bubbles of different equilibrium radius (3 and 5 μm), the acoustic energy radiated by a 5 μm bubble is much larger than that by a 3 μm bubble due to the interaction with bubbles of different equilibrium radius. The acoustic energy radiated by a 5 μm bubble is substantially increased by the interaction with 3 μm bubbles.     

Thermodynamics of the Bulk Viscous Cosmological Fluid in Presence of the Particle Creation Pressure

In the present work, we consider FRW metric and investigate some cosmological quantities in presence of bulk viscosity and particle creation pressure. The obtained results for a viscous cosmological fluid with particle creation show that the Hubble expansion parameter, energy density, bulk viscosity pressure, creation pressure and temperature depend on the particle creation rate and increase with increasing particle creation coefficient. It is found that the bulk viscosity and particle creation pressure seem to play important roles in the evolution of the early Universe.     

高温高压下冲击波淬火的锆基大块金属玻璃的相演化过程研究

 采用同步辐射能散X射线衍射技术,研究了高温高压下利用冲击波淬火技术制备的Zr₄₁Ti₁₄Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5大块金属玻璃的相演化过程。研究结果发现：在实验压力范围内,在不同压力下试样具有相同的初始析出相Zr₂Be₁₇,但是随后的相演化过程是不同的,根据应用压力的不同,试样的相演化过程可以分为3个不同的区域;另外,试样的晶化温度随着压力的增大而升高,但是在6.0 GPa存在一个突然的下降,在此压力点试样具有不同于其它压力点的相演化过程。相演化过程的不同和晶化温度的突然下降,可能归因于在不同压力下试样具有不同的原子构型。