ICF用低温冷冻靶制备系统设计

ICF(惯性约束聚变)点火用低温冷冻靶①,需要在常温下,把气体高压渗透入直径1mm以内,厚度um数量级的靶球体内,最终压力:100MPa～150MPa,再由制冷系统降温至20K以下,此过程中,靶球的温度场也降温至20K以内.降温及清洗结束后,由送靶机构取出用于分层和物理诊断等.本装置实现冷冻靶的气体渗透充填、冷却降温、分层时的精确控温等过程.     

ICF用Kirkpatrick-Baez型显微镜光学设计

提出了直接针对惯性约束聚变（ICF）诊断目标的X射线Kirkpatrick-Baez型显微镜的像差校正和光学设计方法。在校正掠入射细光束像散的基础上,推导了内爆压缩区全视场范围内的垂轴像差表达式,进而构建了系统的空间分辨率预测模型。基于对空间分辨率和集光立体角两个关键指标的分析,结合ICF的实验要求,得到了系统的初始结构参数确定原则和光学设计流程。实例表明,该方法克服了传统的轴上球差评价的不足,设计结果能够同时满足内爆压缩区的视场、分辨率和集光效率的要求。     

ICF用磁性玻璃靶丸悬浮磁场的确定及材料制备初步研究

 根据靶丸悬浮原理,推导出ICF用磁性靶丸在悬浮磁场中受力的函数关系式,从而得到了靶丸悬浮的理论模型。通过实验和理论相结合的方法,得出当靶丸中磁性材料掺入质量百分比由1%增加到6%时,靶丸的磁场强度由0.09 mT增加到0.44 mT,而对应的外界悬浮磁场由0.93 mT减小到0.23 mT。     

ICF用Kirkpatrick-Baez型显微镜光学设计

 提出了直接针对惯性约束聚变（ICF）诊断目标的X射线Kirkpatrick-Baez型显微镜的像差校正和光学设计方法。在校正掠入射细光束像散的基础上,推导了内爆压缩区全视场范围内的垂轴像差表达式,进而构建了系统的空间分辨率预测模型。基于对空间分辨率和集光立体角两个关键指标的分析,结合ICF的实验要求,得到了系统的初始结构参数确定原则和光学设计流程。实例表明,该方法克服了传统的轴上球差评价的不足,设计结果能够同时满足内爆压缩区的视场、分辨率和集光效率的要求。     

用序列二次规划法设计ICF 靶区光路

运用序列二次规划法设计了靶区光路。由ICF 柱面靶间接驱动实验对多路激光束排布的要求, 建立靶区数学模型, 用本文设计结果构筑光路排布线框实体。该三维线框以特征线代表60路激光驱动光束实体, 以特征线段的转折点代表240面反射镜的空间位置。     

用序列二次规划法设计ICF 靶区光路

 运用序列二次规划法设计了靶区光路。由ICF 柱面靶间接驱动实验对多路激光束排布的要求, 建立靶区数学模型, 用本文设计结果构筑光路排布线框实体。该三维线框以特征线代表60路激光驱动光束实体, 以特征线段的转折点代表240面反射镜的空间位置。     

用于氙灯阵列的渐开线翼面反射器

用光线追踪法分析反射翼几何形状对氙灯反射器光传输效率的影响。提出一种新的反射器几何构型——仿渐开线型,其外形与标准渐开线相似,但翼展宽度短于标准渐开线反射器。用蒙特卡罗法模拟氙灯光能量在激光泵浦腔内的反射和吸收过程,计算结果显示：在合理选择反射翼的几何修正系数前提下,“仿渐开线型”反射器的光传输效率优于“短翼渐开线型”的光传输效率。在腔长、灯内径等设计约束条件受限的条件下,采用“仿渐开线”设计方法,能够最大限度地增大氙灯阵列输出的总泵浦能量。     

用于氙灯阵列的渐开线翼面反射器

 用光线追踪法分析反射翼几何形状对氙灯反射器光传输效率的影响。提出一种新的反射器几何构型——仿渐开线型,其外形与标准渐开线相似,但翼展宽度短于标准渐开线反射器。用蒙特卡罗法模拟氙灯光能量在激光泵浦腔内的反射和吸收过程,计算结果显示：在合理选择反射翼的几何修正系数前提下,“仿渐开线型”反射器的光传输效率优于“短翼渐开线型”的光传输效率。在腔长、灯内径等设计约束条件受限的条件下,采用“仿渐开线”设计方法,能够最大限度地增大氙灯阵列输出的总泵浦能量。     

一种全光纤波长可调谐环路反射镜

介绍了一种全光纤波长可调谐环路反射镜。在试验温度改变140℃时，反射波长调谐了36nm，覆盖了光纤通信的C波段。对全光纤波长可调谐反射镜的反射波长的测试及调谐原理进行了分析。     

ICF靶用金空腔电化学制备技术研究进展

在目前的惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验中，金柱腔是将激光转换成X光的核心靶件。这类金柱腔直径和长度多为mm级，其表面积一般约在15mm^2，精度要求在μm级。显然，如此之小的整体式金柱腔不可能采用现有的机械加工方法直接制成。尽管亚硫酸盐镀金体系有诸多的优越性能，     

Studying Validity of Single-Fluid Model in Inertial Confinement Fusion

The validity of single-fluid model in inertial confinement fusion simulations is studied by comparing the results of the multi- and single-fluid models. The multi-fluid model includes the effects of collision and interpenetration between fluid species. By simulating the collision of fluid species, steady-state shock propagation into the thin DT gas and expansion of hohlraum Au wall heated by lasers, the results show that the validity of single-fluid model is strongly dependent on the ratio of the characteristic length of the simulated system to the particle mean free path. When the characteristic length L is one order larger than the mean free path A, the single-fluid model＇s results are found to be in good agreement with the multi-fluid model＇s simulations, and the modeling of single-fluid remains valid. If the value of L/A is lower than 10, the interpenetration between fluid species is significant, and the single-fluid simulations show some unphysical results; while the multi-fluid model can describe well the interpenetration and mix phenomena, and give more reasonable results.     

Two-Dimensional Multi-Lens Array with Circular Aperture Spherical Lens for Flat-Top Irradiation of Inertial Confinement Fusion Target

A two-dimensional multi-lens array 350 mm in diameter with spherical element lenses has been tested to improve the irradiation uniformity of a high power glass laser for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). A circular shape for the element lens aperture is chosen to eliminate azimuthally asymmetric intensity distribution. An approximate flat-top intensity distribution is obtained with a lens array of 37 lenses. Beam patterns of a coherent laser and partially coherent light (PCL) with the random phase plate (RPP) and the multi-lens array (MLA) are measured in a GEKKO XII glass laser system. Spherical mode structure of the irradiation nonuniformity of 5.6% with MLA is estimated with cos3 θ distribution of absorption coefficient in the target plasma.     

误差扩散法设计用于惯性约束聚变驱动器的色分离光栅-光束采样光栅集成元件

针对多次曝光法制作集成衍射光学元件时存在的加工制作复杂,会引入较大的对位误差等问题,基于计算全息中的误差扩散编码原理及部分相干光成像理论,提出采用误差扩散编码方法来设计用于制作浮雕结构集成元件的编码掩模的新方法。给出了利用误差扩散法设计的色分离光栅-光束采样光栅(CSG-BSG)集成元件编码掩模,模拟计算了经部分相干成像系统后的空间像光强分布,并与理想的集成元件面形进行了比较。结果表明,校正后均方差为7.5%,体积偏差为10.2%。     

惯性约束聚变中内爆混合的模型构建

从热斑质量方程和能量守恒方程入手,重新计算考虑混合后聚变燃料的比内能和比热容等热力学参数,分析混合效应在轫致辐射损失等能量输运方面的作用,构建有杂质混合情况的热斑燃烧动力学模型.根据静态模型中的热斑燃烧的功率平衡条件,研究烧蚀层杂质混合比例与点火阈值和热斑自持燃烧的关系.理论分析和数值计算表明,混合效应导致热斑中的轫致辐射增强是点火失败的重要因素之一.通过调整不同掺杂材料、混合浓度及混合方式,得到壳层混合与热斑面密度、热斑离子温度的演化之间的关系.最后,基于模拟结果给出两种降低混合影响的方法.     

惯性约束聚变内爆中基于多块结构网格的高效辐射扩散并行算法

针对三维球形靶丸内爆高效模拟需求和传统笛卡尔正交网格上辐射加源困难的问题, 发展一种多块结构非正交网格生成方法, 并基于此种计算网格提出高效的三维扩散格式并行算法, 将其应用于辐射流体方程组的求解和三维内爆不对称性的数值模拟, 数值结果显示了算法的有效性。并行性能测试显示该算法可扩展到5400个核上, 并行效率达到69%。     

惯性约束聚变中环孔编码图像恢复的改进维纳滤波方法

针对惯性约束聚变(ICF)中环形孔径编码图像的恢复问题提出了一种改进的维纳滤波方法。在传统的维纳滤波方法中,由于原图像和噪声是未知的,故通常是用某一待定常量来代替其中的噪声与信号的谱密度之比。这种近似忽视了信号与噪声本身的信息,从而造成丢失某些关键的细节,难以达到高质量的图像复原效果。在改进的方法中,首先采用传统维纳滤波方法求得初始估值,然后利用该初始值求得原图像及噪声的谱密度估值,进而利用这些新获得的信息构成改进的维纳滤波器对退化图像进行第二次滤波。实验表明,这种改进方法可以克服原方法的不足,突出图像的一些关键细节,提高图像的整体质量。在仿真实验中,恢复图像的均方误差降低了15％以上;在实际惯性约束聚变图像的解码恢复实验中,图像恢复效果亦有显著改善。该方法还可以推广到其他图像恢复的应用中。     

Effects of Atomic Mixing in Inertial Confinement Fusion by MultifluidInterpenetration Mix Model

The effects of atomic-level mixing are systemically investigated in a multifluid interpenetration mix model, and results are compared with the single-fluid model's simulations and experimental data. It is shown that increasing the model free parameter α, shock Mach number, and the initial density discontinuity makes the mix length and fraction of mixing particle increase, resulting in the lower shock temperatures compared with the results of single-fluid model without mixing. Recent high-compressibility direct-drive spherical implosions on OMEGA are simulated by the interpenetration mix model. The calculations with atomic mixing between fuel and shell match quite well with the observations. Without considering any mixing, the calculated neutron yields and ion temperatures are overpredicted; while inclusion of the interpenetration mix model with the adjustable parameter α could fit the simulated neutron yields and ion temperatures well with experimental data.     

Effects of Atomic Mixing in Inertial Confinement Fusion by Multifluid Interpenetration Mix Model

The effects of atomic-level rnixing are systemically investigated in a multifluid interpenetration mix model ,and results are compared with the single-fluid model＇s simulations and experimental data. It is shown that increasing the model free parameter α, shock Mach number, and the initial density discontinuity makes the mix length and fraction of mixing particle increase, resulting in the lower shock temperatures compared with the results of single-fluid model without mixing. Recent high-compressibility direct-drive spherical implosions on OMEGA are simulated by the interpenetration mix modal. The calculations with atomic mixing between fuel and shell match quite well with the observations. Without considering any mixing, the calculated neutron yields and ion temperatures are overpredicted; while inclusion of the interpenetration mix model with the adjustable parameter α could fit the simulated neutron yields and ion temperatures well with experimental data.