自由能计算方法及其在生物大分子体系中的适用性问题

本文总结了计算科学领域中被广泛使用的自由能计算方法,详述了各种自由能计算方法的基本原理、操作过程以及所具有的特点,并在最后对各种方法在生物大分子体系中的适用性做了概括,以期使读者在自由能相关研究工作中,根据自身研究体系和研究目的,选择合适的计算方法开展研究工作.     

Measurement of concentration of calcium-45 in aqueous solutions with a silicon photodiode as a beta-ray detector

It was found that a commercial silicon photodiode modified only by removing its window can be used as a low-background detector of -rays from⁴⁵Ca solutions. We built a test system which could count -rays from 0.21% hot CaCl₂ solutions in the concentration range of 10^–5–10^–8M with linear sensitivity. Such a system using a small photodiode for real-time detection of -rays from small amounts of assay solutions could have many applications in the field of biophysics, biochemistry and physiology, e.g., in the study of Ca-binding proteins. This photodiode was also found to be suitable for measurement of low-energy -rays from¹⁴C.     

Electron energy loss spectroscopy and its application in material science

The physical processes underlying the inelastic scattering of electrons on passing through a solid as well as on travelling outside a solid in the vicinity of a surface are briefly reviewed. Image energy filtering in a Transmission Electron Microscope (EFTEM) for elemental mapping and High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) for the characterization of semiconductor surfaces and layered structures are discussed as representative applications of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) in material science, with main emphasis on semiconductors.     

Nonradiative resonance energy transfer in systems containing quantum dots and its application

A brief review is presented considering modern literature data on the principles and specific features of nonradiative resonance energy transfer in systems containing semiconductor quantum dots and prospects for using such systems in advanced materials.