一种新型声学超材料平板对机械波吸收性能的模拟与实验研究

基于质量-弹簧微结构通过光学振动模式对机械波进行选择性吸收的原理, 本文设计了一个由集中质量与弹性薄膜构成的二维声学超材料等效平板结构. 利用有限元法对等效平板代表性胞元的振动特性模拟结果表明, 二维超材料平板结构表现出与质量-弹簧微结构相同的振动模式. 基于模拟结果, 制作加工了一个正方形超材料平板, 并通过Polytec扫描式激光测振仪(PSV)对其振动特性进行了试验测试, 结果表明, 本文设计制作的超材料平板可以对频率157.5 Hz的机械波进行选择吸收.     

银纳米颗粒复合超材料的数值和模拟研究

理论分析了单层银纳米颗粒及其复合超材料的电磁特性,并采用MATLAB数值计算和CST模拟对理论进行了验证.结果显示:4.75 nm银颗粒所形成的单层阵列的数值和模拟结果都有Lorentz共振效应出现,模拟结果相对于数值计算有红移现象,且有微弱的磁共振效应.进一步对采用4.75 nm颗粒复合而成的100 nm大颗粒模拟,结果表明:在800~1 000 nm区间共振得到负的实有效介电常量、负的实有效磁导率和负的折射率,说明100 nm复合球形颗粒具有很强的磁共振效应,与理论分析相符.     

银纳米颗粒复合超材料的数值和模拟研究

理论分析了单层银纳米颗粒及其复合超材料的电磁特性,并采用MATLAB数值计算和CST模拟对理论进行了验证.结果显示:4.75 nm银颗粒所形成的单层阵列的数值和模拟结果都有Lorentz共振效应出现,模拟结果相对于数值计算有红移现象,且有微弱的磁共振效应,进一步对采用4.75 nm颗粒复合而成的100 nm大颗粒模拟,...     

一种具有动态磁负刚度薄膜声学超材料的低频隔声特性

为提升薄膜/板状结构的低频隔声特性,本文提出一种具有动态磁负刚度的新型准零刚度薄膜声学超材料.首先,应用等效磁荷理论推导了动态磁负刚度;然后,基于伽辽金法建立了有限尺寸下薄膜/板结构的隔声理论模型.通过理论分析、数值仿真及实验测试相结合的方法,从结构模态、振动模式、平均速度、相位曲线、等效质量密度和等效弹簧-质量动力学模型等多个角度对其低频(1—1000 Hz)隔声机理开展了研究.结果表明:在初始薄膜张力一定时,减小磁间隙或增大剩余磁通密度均可增大动态磁负刚度,进而减小隔声峰值频率,增加隔声带宽,实现了较宽频段下的有效低频隔声;进一步,当磁间隙大于第二临界磁间隙小于第一临界磁间隙时,结构的一阶模态共振消失,对应隔声谷值大幅提升,显示出超宽频段的隔声效果.这种利用动态磁负刚度改善模态共振导致的低频隔声谷值的方法对薄膜/板型低频隔声超材料的设计具有重要的理论指导价值.     

声学超构材料

2000年报道的具有局域共振带隙的声学材料是声学超构材料的前身,也是最早实现的声学超构材料.同光学、电磁超构材料一样,近年来声学超构材料也引起了许多学者的研究兴趣.文章介绍了到目前为止声学超构材料的主要研究进展,内容包括含共振单元的声学超构材料的负有效声学参数（包括质量密度、体模量等）的实现,以及不含共振单元的声学超构材料的一些有效声学参数的确定等,最后对声学超构材料的可能应用进行了简单展望.     

磁电超材料折射率特性分析

基于麦克斯韦旋度方程, 将磁电超材料板中的电元件和磁元件分别等效为面电流和面磁流, 通过计算这些周期性面电流和面磁流在某个磁电超材料板上产生的总电场和总磁场, 获得了关于面磁流密度和面电流密度的两个方程, 进而推导出了周期性磁电超材料折射率与磁元件的磁导率、 电元件的介电常数和空间色散项之间关系的解析公式. 与传统的折射率计算公式不同, 该解析公式充分考虑到了空间色散以及磁电超材料的电元件和磁元件的相互作用. 折射率理论曲线和基于仿真实验数据的提取值曲线能很好地符合, 这说明文中推导的折射率公式能够正确地描述磁电超材料的负折射特性. 本文的结果将为分析电磁元件之间的相互作用以及设计负折射率符合一定要求的磁电超材料提供重要的理论参考. 关键词： 磁电超材料 周期性结构 负折射率     

一种基于旋转调谐的超材料

数值仿真研究了一种可调谐的双开口谐振环(DSRR)超材料.在平行入射的电磁波激励下,这种DSRR单元可以在不同的频段分别表现出磁谐振和电谐振.当外加电场E与DSRR的双开口平行时,DSRR受激励得到的磁谐振和电谐振强度最大.随着DSRR超材料沿外加磁场H方向顺时针旋转,其磁谐振和电谐振频率基本保持不变,但谐振强度均发生显著下降,同时对应透射相位的突变也逐渐降低.提出的超材料调谐方法只需要简单地旋转材料,而不需要改变原有超材料单元的结构或者增加额外的激励场,极大地简化了可调谐超材料的制备及应用,在电磁开关、相位调制等方面具有潜在的应用.同时,这种简单的方法有希望应用于更高频段的超材料调谐,可以有效地拓展太赫兹频段和光频段超材料的实际应用.     

吸收波长和吸收效率可控的超材料吸收器

为了使超材料完美吸收器(metamaterial perfect absorber,MPA)能够同时实现吸收效率和吸收波长的控制,本文提出利用二氧化钒(VO2)和石墨烯作为MPA的材料,通过对MPA的结构设计,在红外波段实现了高吸收,吸收效率最高可达99％.研究发现通过改变VO2的温度和石墨烯的化学势,可同时实现MPA...     

局域共振型声学超材料机理探讨

本文以二维固体薄板中的弹性波传播为例, 对基于共振子结构的声学超材料带隙机理进行了探讨, 证明在声学超材料中带隙形成既与共振子对波的散射相位有关, 也与波在共振体之间的几何传播相位有关. 通过调节散射相位和几何传播相位均能实现对色散关系的调控. 基于这一理解, 探究了弹性波超材料中的次波长缺陷态和负折射现象的实现条件.     

一种基于超材料的吸波材料的设计与制备

设计了一种基于超材料的吸波材料,吸波材料由周期性排列的电阻片,基体以及金属背底构成. 采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)计算了吸波材料的反射率,并用遗传算法优化了吸波材料的吸波带宽,得到一种反射率在8-18 GHz小于-10 dB的吸波材料,材料厚度仅为3 mm. 采用手糊工艺制备了空心石英纤维增强环氧树脂基体,丝网印刷制备了电阻片,实现了所设计的吸波材料,测试表明,实验结果和设计结果一致. 关键词： 雷达吸波材料 超材料 频率选择表面 遗传算法     

基于特异材料的非完美透镜成像

There is widespread and strong interest in trying to fabricate a metamaterial in which both the permittivity and permeability are equal to -1 in order to achieve sub-wavelength imaging. Several metamaterial constructs have been proposed with varying degrees of success because of inherent losses, limited bandwidth and scattering from the abstracted circuit elements constituting the artificial material itself. A further limitation is the need to capture evanescent components from the object to be imaged that ...     

Imaging with a metamaterial ＂Im-Perfect＂ lens

There is widespread and strong interest in trying to fabricate a metamaterial in which both the permittivity and permeability are equal to - 1 in order to achieve sub-wavelength imaging. Several metamaterial constructs have been proposed with varying degrees of suceess because of inherent losses, limited bandwidth and scattering from the abstracted circuit elements constituting the artificial material itself. A further limitation is the need to capture evanescent components from the object to be imaged that requires the lens to be located near the object. We have studied the underlying models and constraints that influence the design of a negative index lens and present this analysis as well as reviewing the opportunities. There are inevitable and well-known trade-offs between lens thickness, wavelength, dispersion and absorption. However, these can be eharaeterized both numerically and experimentally, suggesting that a computational imaging approach to the recovery of sub-wavelength features might be effective. Depending on the specific details of the metamaterial employed for imaging, one can consider the data acquired to represent a set of coded apertures.     

极化无关双向吸收超材料吸波体的仿真与实验验证

设计并制作出极化无关双向吸收超材料吸波体.仿真结果表明,该吸波体对斜入射横电极化和横磁极化电磁波具有较好的吸收效果,其强损耗主要来自介质基板的介电损耗.实验测试结果表明,该吸波体在11.1 GHz对垂直入射电磁波实现双向强吸收,吸收率分别为95.9％和90.8％.该吸波体厚度较薄,工作波长约为1/34.该超材料吸波体具有吸收率高、厚度薄、设计简单、易于加工等优点.     

薄膜型负质量密度声学超常介质

文章作者提出了一种结构简单、易于实现的薄膜型声学超常介质,不仅从实验上证实了它能够在100Hz到1000Hz的低频范围内以200倍的幅度打破声波衰减的质量密度定理,而且还给出了相应的理论解释.由于薄膜弱小的弹性模量,对于一块周边被硬边框所固定的小面积的弹性薄膜而言,仍然存在着各种不同的低频振荡模式.这些振荡模式的本征频率可以通过在薄膜的中央放置一个小的质量块而调整.文章作者惊奇地发现,在位于两个最低的本征频率之间的某个特定频率处,入射的声波几乎完全被反射,此时整个薄膜面内的平均法向位移为零.借助于有限元数值模拟方法,也发现在全反射频率附近薄膜的动态质量密度是负的.实验结果和理论计算符合得非常好.与此同时还发现,微波在某些频率全透射通过金属分型结构的现象可以用类似的机制来解释,而且这些全透射频率也是位于两个局域共振频率之间.     

Retrieval of the effective constitutive parameters from metamaterial absorbers

The equivalent medium theory of metamaterials provides a way to obtain their effective constitutive parameters. However, because of its non-reciprocity, the complexity of the electromagnetic coupling, and a metallic bottom layer, it has been challenging to retrieve them from a metamaterial absorber. In this paper, we propose a method without any approximation to obtain them, in which the non-reciprocity and the strong electromagnetic coupling are included. Compared with the three methods such as symmetric metamaterial method, asymmetric metamaterial method and metasurface method, our method can reveal the metamaterial absorber's electrical and magnetic resonance and show its electromagnetic coupling coefficients. To deal with a metamaterial absorber with a metallic bottom layer, four corners of the metallic bottom layer in the unit cell are removed, making it possible to retrieve the electromagnetic parameters. Surprisingly, these results show that the metamaterial absorber with a metallic bottom layer in our example operates in a negative refraction state at the half absorption frequencies, which helps further understand the absorbing mechanism of these metamaterial absorbers.     

薄膜型负质量密度声学超常介质

文章作者提出了一种结构简单、易于实现的薄膜型声学超常介质,不仅从实验上证实了它能够在100Hz到1000Hz的低频范围内以200倍的幅度打破声波衰减的质量密度定理,而且还给出了相应的理论解释.由于薄膜弱小的弹性模量,对于一块周边被硬边框所固定的小面积的弹性薄膜而言,仍然存在着各种不同的低频振荡模式.这些振荡模式的本征频率可以通过在薄膜的中央放置一个小的质量块而调整.文章作者惊奇地发现,在位于两个最低的本征频率之间的某个特定频率处,入射的声波几乎完全被反射,此时整个薄膜面内的平均法向位移为零.借助于有限元数值模拟方法,也发现在全反射频率附近薄膜的动态质量密度是负的.实验结果和理论计算符合得非常好.与此同时还发现,微波在某些频率全透射通过金属分型结构的现象可以用类似的机制来解释,而且这些全透射频率也是位于两个局域共振频率之间.     

Dual-band metamaterial with a windmill-like structure

A broadband negative refractive index metamaterial based on a windmill-like structure is proposed, and investigated numerically and experimentally at the microwave frequency range. From the numerical and experimental results, effect media parameters are retrieved, which clearly show that two broad frequency bands exist in which the permittivity and permeability are negative. The two negative bands are from 9.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz and from 12.05 GHz to 14.65 GHz respectively, and the negative bandwidth is 4 GHz. Due to the good bandwidth performance, the metallic cell with double negative property obtained in this paper is suitable for use in the design of multiband or broadband microwave devices.     

A novel structure for a broadband left-handed metamaterial

A low absorptivity broadband negative refractive index metamaterial with a multi-gap split-ring and metallic cross (MSMC) structure is proposed and investigated numerically and experimentally in the microwave frequency range. The effective media parameters were retrieved from the numerical and experimental results, which clearly show that there exists a very wide frequency band where the permittivity and permeability are negative. The influence of the structure parameters on the magnetic response and the cut-off frequency of the negative permittivity are studied in detail. This metamaterial would have potential application in designing broadband microwave devices.     

A novel structure for broadband left-handed metamaterial

A low absorptivity broadband negative refractive index metamaterial with multi-gap split-ring and metallic cross (MSMC) structure is proposed and investigated numerically and experimentally in the microwave frequency range. From the numerical and experimental results, the effective media parameters were retrieved, which clearly show that there exists a very wide frequency band where the permittivity and permeability are negative. The influence of the structure parameters on the magnetic response and the cut-off frequency of the negative permittivity are studied in detail. This metamaterial would have potential application in designing broadband microwave devices.