CdS半导体纳米微粒的复合与组装

总结了ＣｄＳ半导体纳米微粒的复合与组装,并介绍了其应用方面的研究。     

半导体纳米微粒在聚合物基体中的复合与组装

总结了有关半导体纳米微粒在聚合物基体中的制备，复合与组装及性能研究等工作，对半导体纳米微粒的尺寸大小，粒度分布，表面修饰，复合过程及组装维数等控制问题进行了讨论。     

界面电子受体分子对硫化镉纳米微粒光学性质的影响

纳米微粒的光学性质是固体微结构、微器件研究中的重要方向。纳米微粒可用于光信息存储、转换及光开关等,影响其光学性质的因素有尺寸、结构、组成及其周围的化学环境等。在结构和成分不变时微粒的光学吸收带边(E_g)可由下式描述:     

硫化镉纳米微粒作探针共振瑞利散射测定某些蒽环类抗癌药物

在pH=5.0—9.0的水溶液中, 硫化镉纳米微粒[(CdS)n]与蒽环类抗生素米托蒽醌(MXT)、 表柔比星(EPI)和柔红霉素(DNR)凭借静电引力及疏水作用力结合, 形成粒径更大的聚集体, 导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的增强并产生新的RRS光谱, 最大的RRS峰位于292 nm(MXT体系)、 285 nm(DNR体系)和315 nm(EPI体系). 与此同时还观察到二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)强度明显提高. 其最大SOS峰位于540 nm(MXT体系)和560 nm(EPI及DNR体系), 而最大的FDS峰分别位于335 nm(MXT体系)、 320 nm(EPI体系)和330 nm(DNR体系). 在一定条件下, 3种散射强度(ΔI)均与药物的浓度成正比, 反应具有高灵敏度, 对于3种药物的检出限在3.6—9.1 ng/mL之间. 其中(CdS)n-MXT体系灵敏度最高, 对MXT的检出限分别为4.1 ng/mL(RRS)、 3.8 ng/mL(SOS)和3.6 ng/mL(FDS). 据此发展了一种用纳米硫化镉作探针, 灵敏、 简便并快速测定蒽环类抗癌药物的共振瑞利散射新方法.     

聚合物对硫化铅钠米微粒的稳定作用

以含铅聚合物微凝胶与Ｈ２Ｓ气体反应制得ＰｂＳ纳米微粒／聚合物复合体系，利用小角Ｘ光散射方法对复合在聚合物中的ＰｂＳ纳米微粒的粒度及分布进行了表征，研究了不同反应条件对其粒度及复合体系稳定性的影响。     

聚合物纳米微粒静电组装行为及其表征

使用2,2′-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐自由基引发剂,改变甲基丙烯酰氧乙基十六烷基二甲基溴化铵阳离子功能单体的量与苯乙烯进行乳液聚合获得不同粒径的阳离子乳胶粒,使用十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂和过硫酸钾为引发剂制备阴离子聚合物乳胶粒.采用基于静电相互作用的异凝聚法将以上2种带有相反电荷的乳胶粒组装,获得了表面粗糙程度不同的复合微粒.对异凝聚过程中复合液透光率和微粒大小及分布进行跟踪测试,并用透射电子显微镜表征了阳离子微粒、阴离子微粒以及复合微粒的形态和大小.结果表明,在一定范围内可以通过控制阴离子乳胶粒与阳离子乳胶粒的复合比例改变单个复合微粒表面阳离子小微粒的数目.     

聚合物在纳米微粒制备中的应用

概述了近年来聚合物在纳米微粒制备中的应用，分析了应用极性高分子作为纳米微粒分散介质的可行性，讨论了用络合转换方法制备纳米微粒的普适性。     

黄色硫化镉纳米粒子的共振瑞利散射光谱研究

在高分子聚乙烯醇存在下 ,Cd2 + 与S2 - 反应生成黄色CdS纳米微粒。当CdS浓度小于 5× 1 0 - 4 mol L时 ,它在 4 70nm产生一个最强RRS峰 ,这是由低浓度较小粒径黄色CdS纳米微粒或黄色CdS分子与光源相互作用的结果 ;当CdS浓度大于 7.5× 1 0 - 4 mol L时 ,在 5 2 0nm产生一个最强的特征RRS峰。黄色CdS纳米微粒体系在可见光区无吸收峰。当CdS纳米微粒的浓度在 7.5× 1 0 - 4 ～ 2 .0× 1 0 - 3mol L范围内 ,所得纳米粒子的粒径为 4 3nm。实验表明 :光源发射强度分布和CdS纳米粒子的形成是产生其RRS光谱峰的主要原因     

硬脂酸镉在纳米尺寸CdS微粒制备中的作用(英文)

采用CdS和CdSt2 同阳离子共沉淀的方法制备了一种新型的纳米尺寸CdS微粒具有“三明治”结构 ,并且是尺寸可控的 ,在制备过程中硬脂酸镉起着重要作用。这种“三明治”CdS纳米微粒易于分离并不易被空气所氧化。对自组装“三明治”CdS纳米微粒的形成机理进行了讨论。     

超增溶胶团自组装体原位合成纳米微粒

提出了一种原位合成纳米粒子的方法, 熔盐/超增溶胶团自组装法. 发现了熔盐的超增溶现象, 并提出了超增溶自组装机理. 在5%VB值小于1的表面活性剂和烃类组分形成连续相的反相胶束中超增溶自组装95%的熔盐, 熔盐形成多面体立方相, 并与表面活性剂的亲水基以静电吸附方式组装. 以超增溶胶团为纳米反应器, 熔盐与沉淀剂在胶团中进行原位合成. 该原位合成法具有不用水为溶剂、最大的沉淀量、粒子呈纳米级粒子和粒径分布范围窄等特点.     

Direct Assembly of Metal-Phenolic Network Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Coordination assembly offers a versatile means to developing advanced materials for various applications. However, current strategies for assembling metal-organic networks into nanoparticles (NPs) often face challenges such as the use of toxic organic solvents, cytotoxicity because of synthetic organic ligands, and complex synthesis procedures. Herein, we directly assemble metal-organic networks into NPs using metal ions and polyphenols (i.e., metal-phenolic networks (MPNs)) in aqueous solutions without templating or seeding agents. We demonstrate the role of buffers (e.g., phosphate buffer) in governing NP formation and the engineering of the NP physicochemical properties (e.g., tunable sizes from 50 to 270 nm) by altering the assembly conditions. A library of MPN NPs is prepared using natural polyphenols and various metal ions. Diverse functional cargos, including anticancer drugs and proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points, are readily loaded within the NPs for various applications (e.g., biocatalysis, therapeutic delivery) by direct mixing, without surface modification, owing to the strong affinity of polyphenols to various guest molecules. This study provides insights into the assembly mechanism of metal-organic complexes into NPs and offers a simple strategy to engineer nanosized materials with desired properties for diverse biotechnological applications.     

A Photoluminescence Study of CdS Nanocluster Assembly

The behavior of the photoluminescence of CdS nanocluster varying with time irradiated by radiation of different wavelengthes has been studied. The results show that when the assembly was irradiated with 370 nm radiation (transition(1s_h-1s_e transition). the emission of surface states was reduced and the related machanism was discussed.     

Self‐Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles/Electroactive Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films for Tunable Electrocatalysis

This study described fabrication, characterization, and application of multilayer films based on layer‐by‐layer assembly of ferrocene poly(ethylenimine) and gold nanoparticles. Assembly process of the multilayer film was investigated by atomic force microscopy, UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The multilayer films exhibited a pair of well‐defined redox peaks as revealed by cyclic voltammetry, as well as bifunctional and fine‐tunable electrocatalysis for oxidation of ascorbic acid and reduction of oxygen. Both the outer layer and layer number had effect on the electrocatalytic response. Electrocatalytic activity of the films could be controlled with assemblies at the nanoscale level by simply adjusting deposition cycles or amount of component in the films.     

Assembly of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles with Polymer Microspheres by Encapsulated Copolymerization

Inorganic nanoparticles Fe₂O₃ in diameter of 3-5 nm have been assembled with polymer microspherer and then encapsulated in copolymer of St/BA/AA by polymerization process. Fe₂O₃ encapsulated microspheres can obtained through interaction between surface groups of the two component particles and by adjusting the pH value in the emulsion. Pre-treatment of the composite particles using a certain amount of surfactant before polymerization can give a good encapsulation.     

纳米高分子材料在医用载体方面的应用

医用纳米高分子作为药物、基因传递和控释的载体,是一种新型的控释体系,它与微米粒子载体的主要区别是超微小体积,它能穿过组织间隙并被细胞吸收,可通过人体最小的毛细血管,还可通过血脑屏障,因而作为新的控释体系而被广泛研究,具有广阔的发展前景,重点论述了纳米高分子控释系统在药物和基因载体方面的最新研究进展,并对其发展前景提出了展望。     

利用纳米粒子组装的方法制备SERS活性基底

1974年，FIeishm。nn等人［‘］发现吸附在电化学粗糙化的银电极表面上的毗院分子，其Raman散射强度具有超乎寻常的增强现象．后来经过VanDuyne门和CreZghton问等人的研究，认识到这一现象属于～种特殊的表面效应，其增强因子高达卫矿，故被称为表面增强喇曼散射（Surfac－EI。     

Using Aggregation to Chaperone Nanoparticles Across Fluid Interfaces

Nanoparticles (NPs) transfer is usually induced by adding ligands to modify NP surfaces, but aggregation of NPs oftentimes hampers the transfer. Here, we show that aggregation during NP phase transfer does not necessarily result in transfer failure. Using a model system comprising gold NPs and amphiphilic polymers, we demonstrate an unusual mechanism by which NPs can undergo phase transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic phase via a single-aggregation-single pathway. Our discovery challenges the conventional idea that aggregation inhibits NP transfer and provides an unexpected pathway for transferring larger-sized NPs (>20 nm). The charged amphiphilic polymers effectively act as chaperons for the NP transfer and offer a unique way to manipulate the dispersion and distribution of NPs in two immiscible liquids. Moreover, by intentionally jamming the NP-polymer assembly at the liquid/liquid interface, the transfer process can be inhibited.     

金纳米粒子组装体系SERS化学增强的研究

Gold nanoparticles were assembled on gold substrates with the self-assembled monolayer(SAM) of p-minothiophenol(PATP). AFM measurements disclose that gold nanoparticles are scattered over the surface of the substrate with a submonolayer coverage. The Raman signal of the coupling layer, the SAM of PATP, can be well observed. Potential-dependent measurements were performed to study the chemical enhancement in SERS of such a system. Based on the supposition that the direction of charge transfer is from gold nanoparticles to PATP, it is deduced that Herzberg-Teller contribution has ruled in the SERS of such a system.     

Electrochemical Detection and Characterisation of Polymer Nanoparticles

We report the detection and characterisation of polymer nanoparticles using electrochemistry using poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) nanoparticles (PVK NPs) as a model system. These were synthesised using the reprecipitation method. The number of electrons (n=2) transferred per PVK monomer was characterised by drop‐casting method. Sticking and sensing experiments were then conducted, which involve PVK nanoparticle immobilisation on the electrode surface and subsequent oxidative sensing, to enable rapid detection of polymer nanoparticles in aqueous solution. It is shown for the first time, that using this “stick and sense” method, polymer nanoparticles in aqueous solution can be immobilised, preconcentrated and quantified.