钙、镁、铁、铝离子对土壤中总氟化物检测干扰的消除

建立钙、镁、铁、铝离子对离子选择电极法检测土壤总氟化物干扰的消除方法。通过对含不同浓度水平钙、镁、铁、铝离子的土壤样品中总氟化物进行测试,明确了在总离子强度调节缓冲溶液共存下钙、镁、铁、铝离子对土壤提取液中总氟化物检测结果存在负干扰。通过测试10种土壤样品总氟化物提取液中干扰最强的背景铝含量,对其中土壤提取液中铝离子质量浓度大于10.0 mg/L的3种土壤样品进行加标回收试验,结果表明了土壤总氟化物含量为327～926 mg/kg范围内,当样品提取液中的铝离子含量为50～100 mg/L时,通过减少提取液取样体积为5.00 mL并增加柠檬酸三钠总离子强度缓冲溶液体积至15.0 mL的方法可将加标回收率由56.4%～78.3%优化至94.7%～104.0%;当加入Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Fe~(3+)质量浓度为200～300 mg/L,加标回收率由63.1%～77.6%优化为92.4%～105.0%。用优化后的方法测定土壤总氟化物含量为246～2 240 mg/kg的5种标准样品,测试结果与标准值一致。该方法能有效地消除土壤样品总氟化物测定中含钙、镁、铁离子质量浓度为200～300 mg/L,铝离子质量浓度为50～100 mg/L而产生的干扰,具有良好的适用性。     

金属离子对部分阴离子色谱测定的干扰及消除

本文对 F~-、柠檬酸的离子色谱法测定中 Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)的干扰,和三乙醇胺、柠檬酸、磺基水杨酸对离子色谱法测 F~-时 Al~(3+)的干扰掩蔽及 EDTA 和磺基水杨酸对离子色谱法测柠檬酸时 Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)干扰的掩蔽进行了讨论。     

纳氏试剂分光光度法测定铝灰渣浸出液中的氨氮含量

随着水土资源环境日益恶化,监测氨氮量对水土的污染程度也备受关注。为了准确测定铝灰渣浸出液中的氨氮量,实验对振荡方法、振荡时间、固液比、试液过滤方式、纳氏试剂加入量以及测定干扰因素进行了研究。确定了以翻转振荡为前处理方式,最佳振荡时间为14 h,固液比为1:10,最佳纳氏试剂加入量为1.0 mL,通过改善过滤方式,降低了空白值。由实验结果可知：在试验范围内,F^-对氨氮量的测定不产生干扰;对于浸出液中Cl^-、Al³⁺和Ca²⁺浓度高的样品,可通过移取稀释液2.00 mL,加入1.0 mL酒石酸钾钠溶液(500 g/L),即可消除其干扰。运用纳氏试剂分光光度法测定铝灰渣浸出液中的氨氮量,得到氨氮标准曲线线性相关系数为0.9998,方法检出限为0.39 mg.L^-1,RSD(n=6)<5%,回收率在94.7%～105%之间。本方法简单快速,精密度高,且具有较低的检出限,适用于大批量铝灰铝渣等固体废物浸出液中氨氮量的测定。     

卷烟滤嘴中钠、钾、镁、钙的检测及其迁移率的测定

提出了离子色谱(IC)法检测卷烟滤嘴中的Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)的方法,并测定了其在唾液模拟液(蒸馏水)中的迁移率。试样剪碎后经0.02 mol/L HCl水溶液超声提取35 min,以IonpacCS12A(5 mm×250 mm,5μm)离子交换柱为固定相,用15 mmol/L甲磺酸溶液为流动相,测定其Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)的含量。4种阳离子在20 min内可完全分离,其加标回收率为93.7%~108.9%,RSD(n=5)为0.6%~4.6%,检出限为0.0719~6.4595 mg/kg。该方法简单快速、回收率好,能很好地应用到实际当中。卷烟滤嘴夹持在迁移装置上,加入20 m L蒸馏水,于40℃恒温条件下平衡30 min后,旋转滤嘴夹持杆使其浸泡深度为10 mm,该条件下浸泡迁移30 min,在相同色谱条件下测定蒸馏水中Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)的含量,并计算其迁移率。     

流动注射异步注入-离子选择性电极法同时测定萝卜中的钾、钙、钠和氯

建立了同时快速、准确测定萝卜中K~+、Ca~(2+)、Na~+和Cl~-的流动注射异步注入-离子选择性电极法。最佳试验条件为:系统流量为2.43mL·min~(-1);总离子强度调节缓冲液(TISAB)由80 mmol·L~(-1)Tris-硼酸(PH 6.00)、0.05 mmol·L~(-1)Na~+、0.5 mmol·L~(-1)K~+、0.01 mmol·L~(-1)Ca~(2+)和0.57mmol·L~(-1)Cl~-组成;反应盘管长度为50 cm;采样体积为220μL;混合标准溶液的pH为6.00。K~+、Ca~(2+)、Na~+和Cl~-的线性范围分别为10~70,0.5~7.0,10~36,21~119 mmol·L~(-1),检出限(3s/k)分别为5.0,0.2,5.0,10 mmol·L~(-1)。加标回收率在92.8%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)小于2.0%。     

离子交换分离在离子选择电极测定某些阴离子中的应用

离子选择电极是一种电化学分析工具,使用的目的主要是解决各种实际分析问题。但是,对很多被分析对象来说,并不是将样品稍作处理,然后加离子强度缓冲液即能进行测定。例如,用氰离子选择电极测定黄铜镀液中的CN,由于Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)与CN~-的络合能力很强,以致不易找到合适的掩蔽Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的试剂,因此,只能用离子交换分离的办法使Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)与CN分离,然后再用氰离子选择电极测定。又如,为测定海水中SO_4~(2-),若不分离Cl~-,HCO_3~-以及Ca~(2+)等干扰离子,那么以铅离子选择电极为指示电极,以Pb~(2+)为滴定剂进行电位滴定是不能得到正确     

金属离子对三氯生与胰蛋白酶相互作用的影响

利用光谱技术和胰蛋白酶活性测定,明确Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)和Al~(3+)对三氯生(TCS)-胰蛋白酶体系的影响。结果表明,金属离子主要通过改变胰蛋白酶结构来实现减弱蛋白质与TCS的结合能力,且减弱效果为Al~(3+) Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+)。Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)和Al~(3+)能够缓解TCS对胰蛋白酶的影响,但不抑制胰蛋白酶的活性。为进一步研究金属元素影响TCS与胰蛋白酶的相互作用机理及了解微量金属元素的生理功能提供了有效的数据支持与借鉴。     

用沉淀滴定法测定磷矿中的磷

在酸性试液中加入捕捉剂,以二甲酚橙(XO)为指示剂,经实验证明可用标准硝酸铋直接滴定试液中的PO_4~(3-)离子。滴定在较强的酸性溶液中进行,可消除能与PO_4~(-3)生成难溶盐的阳离子的干扰。XO在该滴定条件下不封闭Al~(3+)(200mgAl_2O_3)。Fe~(3+)(50mg)用抗坏血酸还原为Fe~(2+)可消除干扰。As~(3+)离子严重干扰测定,当用王水溶样,将As~(3+)氧化为AsO_4~(3-)的形式,则可使砷     

超声萃取-流动注射液滴荧光增敏法测定苦荞中芦丁

基于Al~(3+)-芦丁形成络合物的荧光增敏特性,建立了超声萃取-流动注射液滴荧光增敏法测定苦荞中芦丁含量的方法。称取2.000 0g样品,加入10mL甲醇并搅拌均匀,超声振荡萃取15min,以6 000r·min-1转速离心5min后移出上层清液,重复此操作2次后合并3份上清液,旋转蒸发除去甲醇溶剂,用90%(体积分数)乙醇溶液溶解,过滤,加入0.1mol·L~(-1) Al(NO_3)_3溶液5μL后定容至10.0mL,静置60～70min。流动注射速率保持4～5mL·h~(-1),激发和发射波长分别为239,507nm时测定荧光强度。Al~(3+)与芦丁的络合比为1∶2,Al~(3+)-芦丁络合物的质量浓度与其荧光强度在0.10～5.00 mg·L~(-1)内呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.02 mg·L~(-1),回收率在86.0%～104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.1%～6.1%之间。方法适合于苦荞中芦丁的常规检测。     

掺杂和取代对红色荧光材料SrAl_(12)O_(19):Mn~(4+)发光性能的影响（英文）

SrAl_(12)O_(19):Mn~(4+)是一种用于高显色性白光发光二极管的候选红色荧光材料。本论文研究了Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Ge~(4+)离子的掺杂效应以及Ga~(3+)、Ca~(2+)和Ba~(2+)离子的取代效应对SrAl_(12)O_(19):Mn~(4+)荧光材料性能的影响。样品通过高温固相反应制备,焙烧温度在1250~1500℃之间。利用X射线衍射技术表征了材料的相纯度,用荧光激发光谱和发射光谱表征了材料的荧光性能。研究结果指出,与未进行Mg~(2+)或Zn~(2+)掺杂的样品相比,Mg~(2+)或Zn~(2+)离子对Al~(3+)格位的掺杂可以使材料的发光强度提高~60%,其原因被认为是掺杂促进了激活剂Mn~(4+)离子进入晶格,其过程可以表示为:MO+MnOM_(Al)'+Mn_(Al)+30o~×(M=Mg,Zn),电子顺磁共振谱支持这一结果。Ge~(4+)离子的掺杂使材料的发光性能明显下降。Ga~(3+)离子可以取代Al~(3+)离子形成全范围的固溶体,其中少量Ga~(3+)离子的掺杂可以使材料的荧光发射强度提高~13%,而掺杂量进一步提高使材料的荧光性能下降。Ca~(2+)和Ba~(2+)对Sr~(2+)的取代仅形成有限范围的固溶体。Ca~(2+)的取代使材料的发光性能提高;而Ba~(2+)的取代使材料的发光强度下降。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.