基于载频条纹相位分析的畸变测量和校正

为了对图像畸变进行测量和校正,利用纵向朗奇(Ronchi)载频条纹作为测量模板,通过成像系统获取畸变光栅条纹.运用傅里叶变换对畸变条纹图像进行频谱分析、滤波提取基频信息,直接从畸变图像的中心无畸变区域提取理想条纹像信息.通过相位分析提取包裹相位并解包,获得畸变光栅条纹的径向畸变相位分布规律.将该分布规律转化为径向位置畸变分布规律,并结合双线性插值灰度重建对畸变图像进行校正.实验结果证明该方法是有效的.     

平面物体在曲面状态下扫描仪图像的校正理论

平面物体在曲面状态下经扫描仪扫描后,其图像将发生复杂的畸变。提出将其分类为灰度畸变、投影畸变和成像畸变。通过理论分析,提出了在二元曲面模型下对投影畸变和成像畸变进行数字校正的方法,给出了对灰度畸变进行数字校正的实用方法。     

复眼式光学成像系统畸变测量与校正技术研究

复眼式光学成像系统在大视场侦查、图像识别、目标探测等领域较传统单孔径光学系统优势突出,但随着视场的增加,子孔径本身的成像畸变及多个子孔径的安装位置误差引起的畸变会直接影响拼接图像的质量。针对该问题,采用光电测量技术对复眼系统进行畸变测量与校正,生成多模动态电子畸变测量靶标,构建畸变测量校正模型,建立多项式拟合算法,采用最小二乘法获得畸变系数,通过双线性插值法模型对图像进行重建。实验结果表明,校正后的平均相对畸变优于0.1%,满足大视场复眼式光学成像系统的畸变校正和图像拼接的精度要求。     

一种水下对空成像失真的校正方法

水下光电对空成像失真现象,主要包括位置畸变和灰度衰减两部分,在分析成像过程的基础上,分别推导出了畸变校正数学模型和灰度校正数学模型.采用双线性插值法来处理空间变换后的灰度插值问题,最终实现了灰度校正和畸变校正的同步.设计了以标准网格为目标靶面的实验来采集匹配点的信息以获取校正模型的相关参数.实验表明本方法能较好地还原出图像的真实信息,对图像失真校正具有较好的实用性.     

特征平行直线的成像畸变现场校正

针对畸变对成像测量的影响,通过对摄像机畸变模型的分析,提出了一种基于特征平行直线的畸变现场校正方法.该方法分两步,非线性径向畸变的校正和透视畸变的校正.首先,提取图像中包含的多条特征直线,然后通过迭代法将成像后的弯曲直线拉直的方法获得系统非线性径向畸变参量,再用这些参量对非线性径向畸变进行校正,得到去非线性径向畸变的图像.通过对图像中的特征平行直线进行拟合,获得系统的透视畸变参量,并以这些参量反演迭代实现对透视畸变的校正,进而得到去透视畸变的图像.实验和仿真结果表明:该方法通过两步法利用图像中的特征平行直线先验知识能够有效实现对成像中多种畸变的一靶现场校正;对像机径向畸变和透视畸变的校正后相对误差均达到5%以内,适合于工程中基于图像的测量和目标识别中目标无固定位置的复合畸变的现场校正.     

平面物体在曲面状态下扫描仪图像的校正实验

平面物体在曲面状态下经扫描仪扫描后,其图像将发生复杂的畸变。提出了用椭圆柱面加平面模型来描述实际扭曲的情况。基于二元曲面模型的投影畸变和成像畸变数字校正理论,推导了具体的畸变校正公式,并给出了确定成像畸变系数的实用方法。实验结果表明,经校正后投影畸变能够从最大的56%降低到2 5%;成像畸变能够从最大的8 4%降低到0 3%;投影畸变和成像畸变的组合畸变能够从最大的70%降低到3 1%。图像灰度直方图标准偏差的误差可从491%降低到6 5%。     

一种成像测量图像径向几何畸变的校正方法

通过对具有径向畸变的摄像机模型的分析,设计了一套求解图像径向几何畸变中心和畸变多项式系数的方案。首先,依据校正样板曲线的弯曲程度应用一元线性回归法和逐次逼近法求取光学图像的几何畸变中心,然后应用递推最小二乘法求解径向几何畸变的多项式系数,最后根据所得到的畸变中心和畸变多项式系数对图像进行校正得到满足要求的图像。仿真试验证明:该方法可以通过一次采集单幅图像对成像系统进行高精度标定,能够对成像测量系统的径向几何畸变进行一定精度的校正。实践证明:该方法通过图像处理的方法提高成像测量系统的精度,降低了系统的设计成本,可以作为成像测量系统中单独标定摄像机畸变参数的一种简单有效的方法。     

图像显示系统几何畸变的测量及校正

为了保证图像显示系统能够产生120°的大视场,在系统中使用了超广角耦合物镜,这样就不可避免地存在几何畸变。提出了一种基于点物成像原理,并采用数码相机和精密单轴转台进行畸变测量的方法,介绍了测量原理和测量过程,根据测量后得到的畸变规律,采用数字图像处理的方法对几何畸变进行了校正。校正后,图像显示系统的畸变小于0.4%,完全能够满足导弹景象匹配系统定位误差及定位概率的检测要求。     

全景系统中大视场摄像机径向畸变校正算法研究

针对全景系统中的大视场红外摄像机和可见光摄像机带来的图像畸变问题,在分析了畸变原理和数学模型的基础上,首先采用模板法标定摄像机的畸变参数,然后对畸变图像中像素点位置进行几何变换,再对像素点上的灰度值进行双线性插值法灰度校正,最后通过优化算法提高了图像运算速度。试验结果表明,设计的畸变校正算法能实时的校正全景系统中的畸变图像,有效提高了全景图像的观察效果。     

书籍扫描图像畸变参数自动计算方法的研究

为实现书籍扫描图像的畸变自动校正,提出用多项式来描述各像素的理论灰度g(zi)与页面上对应点到扫描仪工作平面距离zi二者之间的关系。为确立该多项式,在畸变参数已知条件下扫描一幅图像,根据已知畸变参数求出zi,即可按最小二乘法原理由各像素灰度的实际值求出多项式的各个系数。实验证明,采用4阶多项式已能满足一般要求,并求出了各系数。对任意扫描图像,自动计算畸变参数的方法为:首先利用扫描图像上页边空白处各像素的灰度,对畸变参数进行估计,并求出zi的估计值;然后代入所确立的多项式,可求得g(zi);通过调整各畸变参数的估计值,直到g(zi)与gi最为接近,即得最佳畸变参数。用于图像校正实验,获得了较好的校正效果,最大误差由不校正时的41%下降到了6.9%。这使得无需用户测量并输入有关畸变参数即可进行自动校正。     

提高广角成像系统几何畸变数字校正精度的方法

光学成像系统非线性几何畸变的高精度数字校正仍然是一个未能很好解决的问题。其中 ,衡量畸变程度的参数难以精确测量是最重要的原因之一。在以径向几何畸变为主的非线性几何畸变模型中 ,通过对影响畸变参数测量精度的各种因素的分析 ,提出了提高畸变参数测量精度的方法。详细介绍了通过计算机自动测量畸变参数的算法 ,并给出了实现数字校正的算法。实验表明 ,能够比较精确地测出实现畸变校正所需的各参数。应用到不规则平面物体面积的测量中 ,获得了很好的效果     

Precision verification of a simplified three-dimensional DIC method

The traditional three-dimensional (3D) digital image measurement technique uses at least two images captured from different positions to determine the 3D coordinate of an object. One disadvantage of this method is that the mechanical and optical properties of the image capture devices are not fully identical, and the calibration procedure is quite complicated. This paper introduces a simplified 3D digital image correlation (DIC) method, in which only one image capture device is used. The theoretical measurement error equation is derived and experimentally verified. Experimental results show that distortion correction plays an important role in the improvement of measurement precision. After a radial distortion correction, the measurement precision of the object distance can reach 0.0043%. The optimal camera spacing should be set from 1/50 to 1/30 of the object distance, to obtain a satisfactory precision.     

机载护目镜型头盔显示器畸变校正

根据机载飞行头盔特点及人机工程要求,设计了护目镜型头盔显示器光学系统.分析了该光学系统的光学性能和畸变特点,研究了该光学系统畸变的算法软件校正方法,设计了预畸变校正算法软件,并对护目镜型头盔显示器光学系统进行了畸变校正.结果显示:校正后光学系统具有很高的成像质量,空间频率为50lp/mm时,全视场调制传递函数接近0.2;同时畸变小于0.5%,系统满足机载护目镜型头盔显示器性能指标要求.     

一种成像式亮度计校正方法北大核心CSCD

采用图像传感器的成像式亮度计可通过短焦距成像物镜实现大视场和空间分辨的亮度测量,但仍存在图像传感器像素非线性响应,短焦物镜产生的强烈渐晕效应及图像边缘畸变等问题。因此提出了一种成像式亮度计校正方法,利用标准辐射源法进行线性校正与平场校正,以获得线性修正系数和平场校正矩阵,通过几何坐标标定法获得畸变校正矩阵。采用焦距为12 mm的物镜及200万pixel的图像传感器搭建了成像式亮度计,经校正后完成了液晶显示屏发光亮度测量,与商用分光辐射亮度计进行了对比测试,测量相对误差不超过±2%,实现了大视场高精度空间分辨亮度测量。     

How does distortion correction correlate with anisotropic indices? A diffusion tensor imaging study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine a suitable registration algorithm for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using conventional preprocessing tools [statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and automated image registration (AIR)] and to investigate how anisotropic indices for clinical assessments are affected by these distortion corrections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain DTI data from 15 normal healthy volunteers were used to evaluate four spatial registration schemes within subjects to correct image distortions: noncorrection, SPM-based affine registration, AIR-based affine registration and AIR-based nonlinear polynomial warping. The performance of each distortion correction was assessed using: (a) quantitative parameters: tensor-fitting error (Ef), mean dispersion index (MDI), mean fractional anisotropy (MFA) and mean variance (MV) within 11 regions of interest (ROI) defined from homogeneous fiber bundles; and (b) fiber tractography through the uncinate fasciculus and the corpus callosum. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated to demonstrate the effects of distortion correction. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to investigate differences among the four registration paradigms. RESULTS: AIR-based nonlinear registration showed the best performance for reducing image distortions with respect to smaller Ef (P<.02), MDI (P<.01) and MV (P<.01) with larger MFA (P<.01). FA was decreased to correct distortions (P<.0001) whether the applied registration was linear or nonlinear and was lowest after nonlinear correction (P<.001). No significant differences were found in MD. CONCLUSION: In conventional DTI processing, anisotropic indices of FA can be misestimated by noncorrection or inappropriate distortion correction, which leads to an erroneous increase in FA. AIR-based nonlinear distortion correction would be required for a more accurate measurement of this diffusion parameter.     

Characteristics of geometric distortion correction with increasing field-of-view in open-configuration MRI

Open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are becoming increasingly desirable for musculoskeletal imaging and image-guided radiotherapy because of their non-claustrophobic configuration. However, geometric image distortion in large fields-of-view (FOV) due to field inhomogeneity and gradient nonlinearity hinders the practical applications of open-type MRI. We demonstrated the use of geometric distortion correction for increasing FOV in open MRI. Geometric distortion was modeled and corrected as a global polynomial function. The appropriate polynomial order was identified as the minimum difference between the coordinates of control points in the distorted MR image space and those predicted by polynomial modeling. The sixth order polynomial function was found to give the optimal value for geometric distortion correction. The area of maximum distortion was < 1 pixel with an FOV of 285 mm. The correction performance error was increased at most 1.2% and 2.9% for FOVs of 340 mm and ~ 400 mm compared with the FOV of 285 mm. In particular, unresolved distortion was generated by local deformation near the gradient coil center.     

超宽视场离轴光学系统畸变一致性校正技术

为满足海岸带超宽视场和高分辨率的动态监测需求,高分辨率宽覆盖已成为空间光学遥感器的重要发展趋势。HY-1C/D卫星海岸带成像仪采用两台相机组合的方式实现大幅宽,单台相机是32°超宽视场离轴光学系统,相机存在弧形畸变且畸变较大。研究了超大视场离轴光学系统畸变一致性校正技术,提出“多变量仿真-高精密测量-交互迭代”的装调方法,开展了兼顾像质、视轴、畸变的多变量全链路仿真计算,通过高精度畸变测量系统实现了畸变补偿的交互迭代调整,解决了镜头装调阶段畸变不可控的难题,实现双台相机畸变一致性控制精度优于0.1%,完全满足测试技术要求,结果表明方法合理可行。     

Correction of B0 susceptibility induced distortion in diffusion-weighted images using large-deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping

Geometric distortion caused by B0 inhomogeneity is one of the most important problems for diffusion-weighted images (DWI) using single-shot, echo planar imaging (SS-EPI). In this study, large-deformation, diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) algorithm has been tested for the correction of geometric distortion in diffusion tensor images (DTI). Based on data from nine normal subjects, the amount of distortion caused by B0 susceptibility in the 3-T magnet was characterized. The distortion quality was validated by manually placing landmarks in the target and DTI images before and after distortion correction. The distortion was found to be up to 15 mm in the population-averaged map and could be more than 20 mm in individual images. Both qualitative demonstration and quantitative statistical results suggest that the highly elastic geometric distortion caused by spatial inhomogeneity of the B0 field in DTI using SS-EPI can be effectively corrected by LDDMM. This postprocessing method is especially useful for correcting existent DTI data without phase maps.