涡发生器对风力机翼型动态失速的影响

基于计算流体力学方法(CFD),对带/不带涡发生器的风力机翼型DU-97-W-300的静态和动态气动特性进行了数值研究,在数值计算的静态升力系数与实验值吻合较好的前提下,分析了其动态失速过程中气动性能的迟滞变化规律。干净翼型在攻角减小中的气动性能呈现周期性波动,涡发生器可以有效控制分离流动,明显提升翼型动态过程中的气动性能.     

涡流发生器对风力机专用翼型气动特性的影响

为了深入研究风力机叶片的减阻方法及效果,本文探讨了涡流发生器对风力机专用翼型的气动性能的影响。研究对象为直叶片段,涡流发生器安装在叶片段20%弦长处,并采用CFD方法对光滑叶片段及安装涡流发生器后的叶片段分别进行了模拟,得到了翼型的气动特性曲线。对比14°攻角下的两种情况的流动特性,发现在大攻角的情况下,涡流发生器确实能够推迟流动分离,从而极大地减小翼型的阻力,并且增大了翼型的最大升力系数;其次,本文分析了涡流发生器对叶片段表面压力分布的影响,发现涡流发生器对下游方向的影响明显大于对上游区的影响,这一点与涡流发生器搅乱下游流场的作用是一致的;最后,本文分析了涡流发生器控制流动分离的机理。     

扩压叶栅角区马蹄涡的实验研究

本文给出了用三维激光多普勒测速技术对扩压叶栅叶片前缘马蹄涡的测量结果。实验结果表明：在０°和１０°两种攻角条件下均存在清晰的前缘马蹄涡;二次流的影响使得在靠近端壁壁面的区域实际入口气流角和叶片中径处不同,在不同的攻角条件下这种影响也不同;前缘马蹄涡的存在使得接近前缘的气流方向改变,气流角增大。     

振荡射流改善翼型气动性能的实验研究

本文针对采用振荡射流控制流动分离改善大攻角下翼型气动特性的问题,在NACA0015翼型上进行了多种工况的风洞实验。结果表明:在失速攻角附近,振荡射流抑制流动分离提高翼型升力系数的作用十分明显,可将翼型失速攻角推迟2°左右。存在最佳的振荡射流频率段、射流动量范围和射流位置,使得翼型性能的改善最大。实验还得到了振荡射流的频率、动量和施加位置等参数对翼型气动性能的影响规律。     

离心压气机进口导叶尾涡非定常发展的数值研究

本文在不同攻角和不同雷诺数Re下,对离心压气机进口导叶的内部流动进行了数值分析,探讨了导叶翼型绕流尾涡的非定常发展过程。结果表明,对本文所研究的导叶,攻角在30°～60°范围内,当雷诺数Re低于80时,流动是稳定的,翼型后方不出现大尺寸的流动分离;雷诺数Re大于80时,流动是非稳态的,此时翼型后方出现流动分离,并伴随有显著的涡脱落。     

离体射流的位置对翼型气动特性的影响

为了改善风力机叶片流动分离现象,本文在雷诺数为1×106、来流攻角21°时研究了离体射流微小圆柱的分布位置对NACA0018翼型气动性能的影响.首先分别在翼型前缘前和上表面附近,研究离体射流微小圆柱的射流动量对翼型气动性能的影响,发现两种位置下翼型的气动性能都有所改善,其中上表面附近控制时效果更好;接着研究控制装置在上...     

前缘旋转的风力机翼型气动性能研究

本文通过数值计算,研究了一种前缘为可转动圆柱的二维S809翼型的气动性能.研究表明,通过驱动前缘圆柱旋转,可有效抑制翼型吸力面的流动分离,使得翼型在较大攻角下具有良好的气动性能,提高了翼型的最大升力系数与升阻比.该流动控制方法具有简单有效、花费代价小等优点.     

波状前缘对风力机翼型失速性能影响数值分析

为研究仿生波状前缘对翼型失速性能的影响,本文采用S-A湍流模型,对风力机翼型NACA634-021(光滑前缘)以及对应的正弦波状前缘仿生翼型的绕流流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,光滑翼型在20°攻角附近发生深度失速,升力系数骤然下降;而波状前缘仿生翼型有效改善了失速特性,升力系数变化较平稳,在大攻角下高于光滑翼型。通过流场分析发现光滑翼型失速前后升力系数骤然下降的主要原因在于前缘压力面和吸力面的压差大幅度下降,而仿生翼型改变了前缘的压力分布特性,进而改变了大攻角下的分离特性,促进流向涡对的产生和发展,使得凸峰附近保持附着流动,进而提高升力。     

低Reynolds数下合成双射流控制结冰翼型流动分离的数值模拟

通过FLUENT软件数值模拟的方法,分别对结明冰、混合冰、霜冰翼型的气动特性进行了研究,分析了合成双射流对改善结冰翼型流动分离的影响规律.结果表明:3种冰形均破坏了翼型的流线型,对翼型的气动力特性有不同程度的影响,其中霜冰对翼型气动力特性影响最小,明冰对翼型气动力特性影响最大,混合冰介于两者之间.开启合成双射流激励器,在小攻角情况下,结冰翼型的气动特性得到了有效的改善.而在大攻角情况下,合成双射流激励器不能完全消除分离涡,但可以推迟分离涡,分离涡厚度增加,分离涡最厚点推后.      

二维叶片襟翼增升的试验研究

本文在雷诺数为0.24×106，0°－40°攻角范围内测定了带有90°，45°，135°三种不同偏转角的位于压力面后缘的襟翼的NACA632—215叶片的表面压力分布．根据压力分布求得的升力系数和阻力系数（压差）表明，襟翼能在不同程度上起到增升的效果，且当襟翼高度相同时，偏转角为90°时增升效果最佳；当偏转角为90°时，襟翼高度越大，升力系数增加越多．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.