单宁酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂对酚类化合物的吸附研究

通过氯甲基化的苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物的后交联及单宁酸的化学修饰反应制备了单宁酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂(TAMR),通过红外光谱、元素分析、扫描电镜和比表面孔径分析对TAMR树脂的结构特征和表面参数及形貌进行表征.通过等温吸附实验和吸附动力学实验研究了苯酚、对硝基苯酚和对氯苯酚在TAMR树脂上的吸附性能和吸附机理.结果表明,TAMR树脂具有较高的比表面积(780.1 m2/g)和较丰富的微孔(482.3 m2/g),树脂表面修饰了较丰富的羟基.TAMR树脂对苯酚、对硝基苯酚和对氯苯酚均具有较好的吸附性能,288 K时吸附量分别可达1.43、2.07和2.48 mmol/g(c0为500 mg/L).3种酚类化合物在TAMR树脂上的吸附为典型的物理吸附,其吸附焓变和熵变均为负值.当酚类化合物以分子形态存在时,有利于其被TAMR树脂吸附.Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能较好地拟合酚类化合物在TAMR树脂上的吸附等温线.吸附动力学过程符合准一级动力学方程,颗粒内扩散过程是TAMR树脂吸附这3种酚的吸附速率的主要控制步骤.     

ε-聚赖氨酸吸附条件的优化

以吸附率为指标,通过单因素试验比较了5种不同的树脂类型、p H值、溶质浓度和树脂量对ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)的吸附效果,进一步采用响应面设计优化了HZD-3B和D155树脂的吸附条件,分析了两种树脂吸附ε-PL的吸附等温线以及吸附动力学曲线。结果表明,试验的5种树脂中,HZD-3B和D155树脂的吸附效果较好。HZD-3B最佳静态吸附条件为:溶液起始p H 8.5、起始浓度40g/L、树脂用量150g/L、温度25℃、吸附13h,ε-PL的最大吸附率是97.69%;D155最佳静态吸附条件为:溶液起始p H 8、起始浓度40g/L、树脂用量150g/L、温度25℃、吸附14h,ε-PL的最大吸附率是96.84%;等温线数据拟合均较符合Freundlich方程,动力学数据拟合均较符合二级动力学方程。发酵液验证试验结果显示,ε-PL最大吸附量与纯品吸附量基本一致。     

介孔碳-镍复合物对甲基橙的吸附性能研究

以三嵌段共聚物(F127)作为表面活性剂,低分子量酚醛树脂和六水合硝酸镍分别作为碳源和镍源,利用挥发诱导自组装方法制备了有序介孔碳-镍纳米复合物;采用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜分析了复合物的相组成和微结构;测定了样品的氮气吸脱附特性和对甲基橙的吸附性能,采用二级动力学方程和吸附等温线对吸附结果进行了拟合.结果表明,镍纳米微粒的平均粒径约为20nm;当纳米镍的负载量为2%时,复合物样品具有很高的Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面积(1 610m2/g)和较大的孔容(1.29cm3/g).与此同时,复合物样品的氮气吸脱附特性与二级动力学方程拟合结果具有很好的相关性,吸附量高达324mg/g;吸附等温线拟合结果表明,样品对甲基橙的吸附过程为单分子层吸附,与Langmuir吸附等温式的相关性良好.     

Gemini表面活性剂改性有机蒙脱土的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

分别以1,2-亚乙基-双(十二烷基二甲基溴化铵)(12-2-12)和1,2-亚乙基-双(十六烷基二甲基溴化铵)(16-2-16)为插层试剂,通过离子交换法合成了不同阳离子交换量的有机蒙脱土12-2-12-MMT和16-2-16-MMT。FTIR、XRD和TG-DTG分析表明,随着阳离子交换量的增大和Gemini表面活性剂碳链的增长,改性蒙脱土的层间距增大。考察阳离子交换量、时间、p H和温度等对甲基橙吸附性能的影响,结果表明,1.0CEC的12-2-12-MMT和16-2-16-MMT在20℃、p H=3、6 h对甲基橙吸附的效果最好;且同一吸附条件下16-2-16-MMT对甲基橙吸附性能明显优于12-2-12-MMT,有机蒙脱土对甲基橙的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)树脂对聚乙二醇的吸附研究

制备了聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)树脂NDA-150,并将其应用于聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟废水处理。研究了投加量、p H值、温度及时间对PEG去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,最佳投加量为0.4g/L,此时吸附量Qe为35mg/g;初始p H值对吸附过程的影响可忽略不计,最佳温度为293K,吸附等温线可使用Freundlich方程很好地拟合。PEG在NDA-150树脂上吸附的ΔH,ΔG以及ΔS的计算结果表明,吸附过程是自发的放热过程,且熵是增加的。整个吸附过程约在24h左右达到平衡,吸附动力学数据符合拟二级动力学方程。     

没食子酸修饰树脂对对氯苯胺和对硝基苯胺的吸附行为

通过Friedel-Crafts后交联及化学修饰反应,制备了没食子酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂(GAMR),并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、元素分析仪和比表面及孔径分析仪对其理化性质进行了表征。通过等温吸附实验和吸附动力学实验,研究了GAMR树脂对不同温度下水溶液中的对氯苯胺和对硝基苯胺的吸附行为。结果表明,GAMR树脂具有较高的比表面积(1227.1m2/g)和较丰富的微孔(888.5m2/g),树脂表面修饰了较丰富的羟基和羰基。GAMR树脂对对氯苯胺和对硝基苯胺均具有良好的吸附性能,吸附量随着温度的升高而下降。Freundlich等温吸附方程能够更好地拟合吸附等温线数据,GAMR树脂对对氯苯胺和对硝基苯胺的吸附机理较复杂。吸附焓变ΔH0,表示吸附过程为放热反应,且以物理吸附为主;吸附自由能变ΔG0,说明吸附过程可自发进行;吸附熵变ΔS0,表明吸附质分子在树脂表面上的运动受到了限制。动力学实验结果表明,吸附过程符合一级动力学方程,颗粒内扩散是吸附过程的主要控制步骤。     

间氨基水杨酸修饰超高交联吸附树脂对酚类化合物的吸附行为

合成间氨基水杨酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂LZ-01,比较LZ-01树脂与NJ-8树脂对对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚的吸附能力,研究LZ-01树脂在不同温度(288K,313K,318K)下吸附水溶液中对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚的静态吸附热力学和动力学行为。结果表明,由于LZ-01树脂具有更大的比表面积、更多的微孔且含有氨基、羟基和羧基等基团,使其对对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚的吸附量明显高于NJ-8树脂。Freundlich方程对等温吸附数据能够很好地拟合,吸附焓变绝对值小于40kJ/mol,表明吸附是焓驱动的物理吸附过程。LZ-01树脂对对甲基苯酚和对硝基苯酚吸附动力学均符合准一级动力学方程,吸附速率随温度升高而增大,颗粒内扩散是该吸附过程的速控步骤。     

Fe3O4@(SDS-HTlc)纳米复合物的制备及对甲基橙的吸附

采用离子交换法制备了具有核-壳结构的磁性十二烷基硫酸钠改性类水滑石Fe_3O_4@(SDSHTlc)纳米复合物,并利用透射电镜、粉末X-射线衍射、红外光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、元素分析等对其进行了表征。研究了Fe_3O_4@(SDS-HTlc)对甲基橙的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明,Fe_3O_4@(SDSHTlc)对甲基橙有较好吸附效果,吸附动力学曲线符合准二级动力学方程;吸附等温线符合线性方程,吸附量随体系p H的增大和温度的升高均降低。在外部磁场下,30s内可从水溶液中分离出Fe_3O_4@(SDS-HTlc),这为去除水中疏水染料提供了简单的一步吸附处理方法。     

没食子酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂对2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的吸附性能研究

通过后交联反应和化学修饰反应制备了没食子酸修饰的超高交联吸附树脂(GAMR),以大孔吸附树脂XAD-4树脂为对照,研究了GAMR对水中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的吸附性能.实验结果表明:GAMR具有较丰富的微孔,比表面积和微孔面积分别为1 232.3和899.5 m~2·g~(-1).GAMR对2,4-D的吸附动力学过程符合准一级动力学方程,吸附过程同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附.Freundlich等温方程能较好地拟合GAMR对2,4-D的吸附等温线.GAMR对2,4-D吸附过程的ΔG为负值,ΔH和ΔS均大于0,表明吸附是自发、吸热和熵增加的过程.与XAD-4相比,所制备的GAMR对2,4-D的吸附去除率显著提高.     

氨基乙酸类螯合树脂对高盐重金属离子废水的高效无害化处理技术研究

以自制的氨基乙酸螯合树脂(NDC-AA)为吸附剂,分别研究其对Ni(II)的静态和动态吸附性能。静态吸附实验结果表明,在p H=5时,NDC-AA对Ni(II)的吸附量达到0.654mmol/g。静态吸附等温线和动力学过程可采用Langmuir方程和准二级动力学方程进行拟合。通过研究共存盐体系下NDC-AA树脂对Ni(II)的吸附规律,发现NDC-AA相比于商用树脂Amberlite 747和D001具有更好的耐盐性。动态吸附实验结果表明,NDC-AA树脂在处理实际废水时优选2BV/h的吸附流速。采用质量分数为4%的盐酸对吸附后树脂进行再生,多次再生后树脂吸附效果稳定。可见,NDC-AA树脂可应用于高盐重金属离子废水的高效无害化处理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.