薄层色谱法测定溴端基聚丁二烯官能度分布

遥爪型预聚物端基聚丁二烯广用于液体橡胶、粘合剂、固体燃料和加成衍生物制品,其宫能度分布对化学物理性能有重大影响。1971年Ronald利用LC和GPC测定羟基和羧基聚丁二烯的官能度和分子量分布,其法较繁。1975年Anderson等用显色团取代羟基以增加对紫外光波的检测灵敏度从而改进了前法,1977年日本东京大学T.i.Min等用TLC成功地测定了阴离子聚合制得的羟端基聚丁二烯的官能度分布。此法简洁快捷。来自阴离子聚合的样品,其分子量分布很窄;d≈1,1.2-结构达85～95％,产品纯净易于层析,与此不同,由乳液聚合的溴     

端羟基液体聚丁二烯微观结构的13C-NMR研究

本文研究了在乙醇溶剂中用过氧化氢引发聚合的端羟基液体聚丁二烯(简称丁羟)的¹³C-NMR谱,发现了RCH=CHCH₂OH(反式)和RR′C=CHCH₂OH共振峰,肯定了这两种端基结构。确定了在聚合过程中乙醇转移到分子链端的主要结构是RCH=CHCH₂CH(OH)CH₃(顺式和反式),它占羟基总量8%左右。工作还确认,在丁羟中尚存在少量的长支化结构以及醇、醛端基结构。     

遥爪型液体天然橡胶的合成与表征

以天然橡胶(NR)为原料,经环氧化反应在NR分子链上引入环氧基制得环氧化天然橡胶(1);1经裂解反应合成了端羰基液体天然橡胶(2);对2进行改性得到端羟基液体天然橡胶(3),其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。探讨了反应温度、时间、氧化剂用量和环氧化程度对2的黏均分子量(M珚η)的影响。结果表明,延长反应时间、升高温度和增加氧化剂用量均可有效降低2的M珚η;1的环氧化程度对2的M珚η具有决定性作用,可通过调节环氧化程度实现2的M珚η的可控性。     

氯化端羟基液体聚丁二烯的合成和固化

Ⅰ.端羟基液体聚丁二烯的氯化 合成了一系列氯含量不同(5%～68%)的氯化丁羟。利用红外光谱、核磁共振观察了它们的双键变化。上述结果及氯含量与反应时间的关系表明:丁羟在四氯化碳中氯化时,首先进行加成反应,待双键饱和后,进行取代反应。     

荧光温敏性聚丁二烯橡胶的合成与表征

通过大分子设计合成了一种荧光温敏性聚丁二烯功能橡胶弹性体.首先以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,用ε-己内酯扩链改性端羟基聚丁二烯液体橡胶,获得聚丁二烯己内酯大分子单体,在保留端部羟基(—OH)官能团的基础上改善了原聚丁二烯橡胶的分子量和耐热性;然后采用自由基聚合法,以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为单体、巯基乙酸为链转移剂,合成端羧基聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺大分子单体;最后通过缩合反应,在N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺作用下将端羧基聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺与聚丁二烯己内酯大分子连接,获得一种分子量为8000~15000的聚丁二烯橡胶共聚物.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见分光谱计(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱等对相应产物进行结构与性能的表征.结果表明,聚丁二烯橡胶共聚物在274 nm处存在紫外吸收,能被304 nm的波长激发,具有荧光特性;聚丁二烯橡胶共聚物存在临界相转变温度LCST=30℃,即当温度低于30℃时,聚丁二烯橡胶共聚物为亲水-疏水嵌段共聚体;当温度高于30℃时,则转变成完全疏水共聚体,具有温敏特性.聚丁二烯橡胶共聚物同时具有荧光性与温敏性,将在发光、分离材料等领域作出贡献.     

聚烯烃低聚物转化为双端正离子活性链及其遥爪三嵌段物的合成

非“活性”的端羧聚丁二烯及端羧聚丁腈胶通过THF开环聚合转变为双端正离子活性链。用液氨或二乙胺终止反应制得伯胺或叔胺端基遥爪聚丁二醇-聚烯烃-聚丁二醇三嵌段低聚物。     

双烯烃橡胶复分解-加氢制备端羧基聚烯烃

采用烯烃复分解法,以双烯烃橡胶为原料,在Grubbs II代催化剂和链转移剂(马来酸)的作用下制得相应的端羧基聚二烯烃,通过对甲苯磺酰肼/三正丙胺试剂对其进一步加氢得到端羧基聚烯烃.主要研究了反应时间、反应温度、橡胶中双键/催化剂摩尔比、橡胶中双键/链转移剂摩尔比等因素对产物分子量及分子量分布的影响.通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和碳谱(13C-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、热重分析(TGA)和示差扫描量热分析(DSC)对产物的结构和性能进行了测试表征.结果表明,通过调整橡胶中双键/催化剂的摩尔比或橡胶中双键/链转移剂的摩尔比可以调控产物的分子量.另外,采用该方法制得的端羧基聚丁二烯具有较高的反式1,4-结构含量,与原料相比其顺式1,4-结构含量大幅下降,从而对产物的性能产生一定影响;而以异戊橡胶为原料时并没有观察到该现象.端羧基聚二烯烃经加氢反应后转变成端羧基聚烯烃,具有更好的热稳定性.该方法合成步骤简单,产物分子量可控,为功能材料的制备提供了新的可能.     

润滑油对轮胎主要成分催化裂解行为的影响

本文研究了润滑油对轮胎的重要组成原料:天然橡胶、聚丁二烯橡胶和丁苯橡胶催化裂解行为的影响.研究发现润滑油的加入明显增强了催化剂ZSM-5对聚丁二烯橡胶的催化裂解作用:液体收率从69.0％提高到83.4％,残渣收率从17.0％降至3.2％;润滑油的加入也提高了丁苯橡胶催化裂解的反应速率,液体产物中的轻油组分由67.5％增...     

线性/三臂星型端羟基聚丁二烯的活性负离子聚合及其表征

在环己烷溶剂中,以自制的叔丁基二甲基硅氧基丙基锂为引发剂,丁二烯为单体,四氢呋喃为结构调节剂,采用活性负离子聚合法合成了线形端羟基聚丁二烯(L-HTPB).在此基础上,以甲基三氯硅烷为偶联剂合成了星形端羟基聚丁二烯(S-HTPB).采用GPC和1H-NMR对L-HTPB和S-HTPB结构进行了表征,结果表明,采用负离子聚合法合成的2种聚合物具有相同的微观结构,且线形端羟基聚丁二烯的平均官能度大于1.9,星形端羟基聚丁二烯的平均支化度和平均官能度大于2.8,与理论设计值基本相符.另外,实验中通过调节溶剂中环己烷和四氢呋喃的比例来控制聚合物主链的微观结构.实验结果证实,随复配溶剂中环己烷用量的增加,聚合物1,4-结构相对含量逐渐增大,特别是顺式1,4-结构相对含量增大的趋势比较明显;当聚合溶剂采用单一的环己烷时,聚合物主链1,4-结构相对含量大于90%,顺式1,4-结构相对含量高达70%以上,聚合物主链中1,2-结构相对含量约为5.70%;相反,当聚合溶剂采用单一的四氢呋喃时,聚合物主链1,2-结构相对含量大于90%,而顺式1,4-结构相对含量趋于0,样品的外观表现为塑料.     

环氧丁羟型聚氨酯弹性体的制备与性能

以间氯过氧苯甲酸(mCPBA)为氧化剂对降解法制备的端羟基聚丁二烯(DHTPB)中的部分双键进行环氧化改性,通过控制mCPBA和双键的比例制得具有不同环氧率的环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯(EHTPB),经1H-NMR分析测试表明EHTPB的环氧率分别为5%、10%和15%,与设计值基本一致.进一步以EHTPB为多元醇、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇为扩链剂制备了环氧丁羟型聚氨酯弹性体(EPU),并对其性能进行了测试,研究结果表明:丁羟胶的环氧化改性对聚氨酯弹性体的力学性有着一定的提升作用,其杨氏模量和拉伸强度随环氧率的上升而提高,而断裂伸长率则随环氧率的上升有所下降;环氧丁羟型聚氨酯弹性具有优异的弹性恢复能力;环氧化改性后,聚氨酯弹性体的热稳定性有一定程度的提高;聚氨酯弹性体的玻璃化转变温度随环氧率的上升而升高.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.