中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子辐照生物研究平台

介绍了中国科学院近代物理研究所和兰州重离子加速器国家实验室的重离子加速器辐照生物研究平台、 重离子辐照生物研究发展规划及在现代农业和生物产业方面取得的一些最新进展。 Heavy-ion accelerator facilities for the researches on biological effects induced by heavy ion at Institute of Modern Physics（IMP）, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Laboratory of Heavy ion Accelerator in Lanzhou（HLHIAL） are introduced. New progresses in modern agriculture and biological industry are presented.     

重离子诱变酵母培养基的优化与研究

利用12C6+离子诱变技术对面包酵母菌种进行诱变,得到一株粗蛋白含量达到55% 以上的菌株,借助Minitab16.0,采用Plackett-Burman 实验设计法及响应面分析法,对诱变后面包酵母菌发酵培养基的成分进行了优化,得到3 个最为显著的主要影响因子:葡萄糖、酵母抽提物和硫酸镁。利用最陡爬坡实验逼近最大响应区域后,利用Box-Behnken 实验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析。通过求解回归方程,得到优化发酵的条件为,葡萄糖:11.03 g/L、酵母抽提物:6.53 g/L、硫酸镁:5.59 g/L。面包酵母生物量为4.84 g/L,相比未进行优化时的生物量提高了15%。A mutant bread yeast strain with high protein content of 55% was gained by use of 12C6+ ions. The MINITAB 16.0 software, Plackett-Burman experimental design and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the culture medium for the irradiated yeast. The most important three factors which influenced the culture results were identified as glucose, magnesium sulphate and yeast extract. The path of the steepest ascent was undertaken to approach the optimal region of the three significant factors. Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were used for the regression analysis. Finally, the optimal fermentation conditions were identified as glucose 11.03 g/L, yeast extract 6.53 g/L and magnesium sulphate 5.59 g/L by the regression analysis. It was found that the biomass of the bread yeasts reached 4.84 g/L and increased by 15% compared to original conditions.     

重离子束在微生物诱变育种及生物能源开发中的应用

作为一种新型的辐射诱变源, 重离子束在辐射诱变育种中的优越性已经显现。 在此基础上综述了重离子束用于微生物诱变育种的基本原理、 独特优点、 所取得的成果及研究进展, 并对其在新型生物能源开发中的潜力进行了展望。As a new radiation source, heavy ion beams have demonstrated the outstanding advantage in mutation breeding. Based on this background, the basic principal and unique peculiarity of heavy ion beams, the achievement and the progress in the research of microbial mutation breeding are reviewed in the paper. The potential application of heavy ion beams to new biological energy is also prospected.     

中能重离子碰撞动力学过程中的介质效应

本文对BUU方程碰撞项中的核子-核子碰撞截面分别采用有介质和无介质两种情况下的数据,系统地计算了重离子碰撞中介质效应对于集体流的影响.从有介质核碰撞截面和无介质核子碰撞截面随入射核子能量变化的规律合理地解释了介质效应对重离子碰撞横动量,流角等物理量的明显影响.分析这些影响可以看出在该能区和只考虑核子-核子弹性碰撞,π产生和π吸收的情况下介质效应与核物质状态方程的密切关系.     

聚合物材料的快重离子辐照效应

简要介绍了快重离子辐照损伤的特点,通过与低电离辐射粒子辐照在聚合物材料中产生的效应的类比论述了快重离子辐照在聚合物材料中产生的效应及其研究现状 ,并结合快重离子辐照效应的应用展望了该领域未来的发展.The irradiation effects in polymers induced by swift heavy ions were reviewed in comparison with that induced by low ionization particles based on the characteristics of swift heavy ion irradiations. It is shown that bond breaking and cross linking, gas releasing, amorphization and carbonization of polymers depend strongly on the electronic energy loss. Besides special effects such as alkynes production, can be induced under swift heavy ion irradiation. The perspectives...     

快重离子辐照效应的穆斯堡尔谱学研究

概述了利用穆斯堡尔效应开展的固体材料快重离子辐照效应研究的部分结果 ,并对建立在兰州重离子加速器 (HIRFL)上的在束穆斯堡尔谱学研究装置及其应用作了简要的介绍.Mssbauer spectroscopy study of irradiation effects induced by swift heavy ions in solid materials were briefly presented.Amorphization phenomenon of yttrium iron garnet irradiated by 1 GeV Ar ions has been investigated. For the first time, the nearly complete amorphous state was observed. Stainless steel 316L samples were irradiated with 54 MeV C ions and phase transformation of the samples was observed. HT 9 ferrite steel was irradiated with 510 MeV C ions. Its phase...     

马铃薯重离子辐射育种研究

在2000—2005年将杂交技术和重离子辐射相结合, 采用55 MeV／u的 40Ar17+离子对马铃薯杂交种子和微型薯进行了不同剂量的贯穿辐射或离子注入处理。 结果表明, 对马铃薯微型薯进行重离子辐射能显著提高块茎的产量。 而杂交技术和重离子辐射相结合是一种更高效的育种方式, 不仅能提高块茎的增产幅度, 还能改善其加工品质。 微型薯重离子辐射的最佳剂量为60 Gy, 杂交种子辐射的适宜剂量范围在60—120 Gy之间。 通过对辐射后代的多年选育, 获得了几个产量显著高于对照、 品质优良的马铃薯新品系。 The effect of 55 MeV／u 40Ar17+ irradiation with different doses on hybrid seeds and micro tubers of potatoes were studied from year 2000 to 2005. The results showed that the yields of potatoes irradiated by heavy ions grew significantly. This new mutation method combining cross breeding technique with heavy ion irradiation is more effective, which could not only increase the yield of potatoes, but also improve their quality. The optimal mutagenic dose was 60 Gy to micro tubers of potatoes, 60—120 Gy to hybrid seeds, respectively. Finally, several new lines which have higher yield and better qualities were obtained through multi generation screening from the offspring of irradiated potatoes.     

重离子束对北里链霉菌的诱变效应

考察不同剂量重离子束对北里链霉菌的致死及诱变效应, 可确定最有利于筛选高产菌株的重离子束辐照剂量。 利用不同剂量的重离子束辐照北里链霉菌孢子, 统计了存活率、 致死率、 正负突变率。 结果发现, 在5 Gy重离子辐照时北里链霉菌出现较高致死率, 其后随剂量升高, 致死率变化较平缓。 各辐照剂量下正负突变率相比较, 40 Gy时正突变率最高, 负突变率相对较低, 存活率为0.92%。 因此确定40 Gy是对北里链霉菌高产菌株筛选最有利的辐照剂量。 To define the optimum dose of heavy ion beams for selecting high productive strains, we should study mortality and mutation effects of Streptomyces kitasatoensis irradiated by heavy ion beams in diffe rent doses. In this research, spores of Streptomyces kitasatoensis were irradiated by heavy ion beams with different doses. And survival rate, mortality rate, positive mutation and negative mutation were analyzed statistically. The results showed that high mortality rate appeared from 5 Gy and then the mortality rate curve became gently. Compared the positive and negative mutations in different doses, highest positive mutation was obtained in 40 Gy, while the negative mutation was lower in this dose, and the survival rate was 0.92%. So we defined that optimum dose of heavy ions radiation for Streptomyces kitasatoensis selection was 40 Gy in this experiment.     

重离子束在诱变育种和分子改造中的应用

重离子束具有与中性辐射X,γ和中子不同的特性,利用这些特性开展它在生物学领域内的应用和基础研究具有重要的理论和实际意义.简要阐述了这种应用的理论基础,以及多年来实践的一些工作与取得的结果. Heavy ion beams have different character from X, γ rays and neutrons. It has important value in theory and practice to use the character to carry out application and fundamental researches in biological field. Theoretical basis of the application and some practice and their results are briefly described here.     

重离子辐照SiO2的光致发光

基于荷能离子与固体相互作用特点,提出了一种新的制备光致发光材料的方法-- 高能重离子辐照. 用这种方法研究了SiO2薄膜的光致发光特性,发现高能84K r和40Ar离子辐照可在注碳SiO2薄膜样品中产生强的蓝-紫光发射带,掺杂碳增强了辐照样品的发光特性.     

不同LET 12C6+离子对生防菌BJ1的辐射诱变效应

选取高低两个LET点(40和60keV/m),剂量点分别为50,100,200,400,600Gy进行辐照处理,研究了生防菌的存活率与突变率的关系,抑菌谱以及活性等。结果表明,在高LET条件下,低剂量辐照就可以得到较多的突变体,并且BJ1有较高的存活率和突变谱,有利于筛选优良的正突变体。因此高LET较低LET有更为明显的辐射诱变效应。     

蛋白质组学及其在重离子治癌应用中的探讨

综述了蛋白质组学的主要方法和技术——双向凝胶电泳、生物质谱技术、蛋白质芯片技术，及其在肿瘤标志物的筛选和鉴定、肿瘤治疗效果的评价及肿瘤发生机制研究等方面的应用状况，并对蛋白质组学在重离子治疗中的应用进行了展望。With the accomplishment of the human genome project, proteomics becomes a new snbject on the buildup of the whole proteins and their dynamic changes in cell emerges. Cancer is a kind of complex disease involved in multi-genes and proteins. Heavy ion therapy is all arising and potential radiation treatment nowadays. This paper reviews on the main methods and technology in proteomics-- two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）,biological mass spectrometry, protein biochips, bioinformatics and its application on identification of cancer biomarkers, evaluation of curative effect on tumour and the mechanisms of turnout formation. This paper also presents some prospects on the application of proteomics in heavv ion therapy.     

重离子辐照玉米种子M1代诱变效应研究

用重离子^7Li和^12C以及^60Co的γ射线分别辐照玉米种子胚，研究重离子束辐照玉米种子M1代的生物学效应．结果表明:^60Co的丫射线使种子的发芽势和发芽率降低，重离子^7Li和^12C对发芽势和发芽率的抑制作用不明显；重离子辐照后，单株之间光合速率差异增大；M1代植株在雄性育性、叶片颜色及株高等方面发生了多种变化，并产生了一株双胚苗．应用随机多态性DNA分析技术，发现双胚苗的大、小苗之间及其与亲本自交系478在随机多态性DNA指纹上存在的差异，从分子水平上初步证实了双胚苗为自交系478的变异类型．In order to study M_(1) biological effects of heavy ion irradiation on maize seeds, the embryos of dry maize seeds are irradiated with~(7)Li ions and~(12)C ions as well as ~( 60)Co gamma rays. The results are as follows: ~( 60)Co gamma rays decrease germination impetus and germination rate of maize seeds, while the inhibitory effects of germination impetus and germination rate induced by the heavy ions~(7)Li and~(12)C are not significant. The difference of photosynthetic rates among the plants irradiate...     

离子束辐照拟南芥生物学效应及其分子机理研究进展

综述了离子束辐照拟南芥种子生物学效应、 生长发育变化、 向重力性等研究的最新进展。 阐释了离子束辐照拟南芥染色体DNA碱基变化、 DNA断裂或损伤、 染色体重组、 突变遗传性等分子机理。 探讨了离子束介导外源基因转化拟南芥的有效性和机理。 同时展望了辐照拟南芥分子机理研究中的辐射原初效应传递、 信号转导等其他机理研究及重离子辐射生物学效应的应用前景。 Newly research progresses were summarized in effect of ion beams on seed surface, biological effect, growth, development, gravitropism and so on. Furthermore, mutation molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana was discussed, for example, alteration of DNA bases, DNA damage, chromosomal recombination, characteristics of mutant transmissibility, etc. Meanwhile, the achievements of transferring extraneous gene to Arabidopsis thaliana by ion beams were reviewed in the paper. At last, the future prospective are also discussed here in mutation molecular mechanism and the potential application of biological effect of heavy ion beams.     

低能重离子剂量-存活率效应及其拟合模型探讨

低能重离子注入生物体是20世纪80年代中期发展起来的一种诱变手段, 在诱变育种和放射医学等领域有巨大的应用前景。 物理辐照的剂量与存活率之间的关系是辐射生物学效应的最重要的关系之一, 低能离子与生物体相互作用的剂量 存活率曲线表现为特殊的马鞍型。 介绍了低能重离子的马鞍型剂量 存活率效应及其数学模型, 并探讨了模型拟合中存在的一些问题。 Low energy heavy ion implantation is an organism mutation method developed in middle of 1980s, which has a potential application in breeding and radiation therapy. The dose survival curve is a characteristic effect in radiobiology. Implanted with low energy heavy ions, organisms could manifest a Saddle like dose survival curve. In this article, the Saddle like dose survival effect and its modeling has been described, and several topics in model simulation are discussed.     

Hypernuclear Spectroscopy with Stable Heavy Ion Beams and Rare-isotope Beams:HypHI Project at GSI and FAIR

The international HypHI collaboration proposes to perform hypernuclear spectroscopy with stable heavy ion beams and rare isotope beams at GSI and FAIR in order to study neutron and proton rich hypernuclei and to measure directly hypernuclear magnetic moments for the first time.The project is divided into four phases.In the first Phase 0 experiment,the feasibility of precise hypernuclear spectroscopy with heavy ion beams will be demonstrated by observing π~- decay channels of ~e_ΛH,~4_ΛH and ~5_ΛHe with ~6Li projectiles at 2 AGeV impinging on a ~(12)C target.In the later Phases 1 through 3,studies of proton and neutron rich hypernuclei,direct measurements of hypernuclear magnetic moments and the spectroscopy of hypernuclei toward the nucleon drip-lines are planned.     

中能重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏的同位旋效应

基于改进的同位旋相关量子分子动力学模型,研究了中能重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏强度(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液随着碰撞系统中子–质子比和碰撞参数的变化所呈现出的同位旋效应,得到了一些有兴趣的结果.如在碰撞系统质量、入射能量和碰撞参数固定的条件下,(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液随碰撞系统中子–质子比的增加而增加.对于丰中子系统而言,(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液灵敏地依赖于对称势而较弱地依赖于核子–核子碰撞截面;而缺中子系统,(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液对于对称势和介质中核子–核子碰撞截面都不灵敏.对于造成这种现象的物理机制进行了分析和讨论.一般核反应中,碰撞参数是各种物理观测量的灵敏函数,但计算结果表明同位旋分馏强度对于碰撞参数并不灵敏,故对于丰中子系统而言,同位旋分馏强度是提取对称势知识的灵敏物理观测量.