生物除磷污泥胞外多聚物含磷形态的核磁共振分析

利用31P-NMR研究了生物除磷污泥胞外多聚物(EPS)的含磷形态,并对检测方法中的影响因素进行了分析.研究发现,测定的三种污泥EPS中磷的形态有五种,磷酸盐、磷单脂、DNA磷、聚磷末端、焦磷酸盐和聚磷.具有除磷能力的A/A/O和A/A/O-MBR污泥其EPS中主要含的是聚磷,证明了EPS中含磷不仅是依靠吸附磷酸盐或生物聚磷过程磷酸盐的滞留,而且EPS本身可能也参与了生物聚磷过程.同时实验证明,EPS提取过程会对EPS含磷形态产生影响,但提取时间在1h内时影响较小;EPS在储存前需要进行中和,从而避免储存过程不同磷形态之间的转化.EPS含磷形态的31P-NMR测定过程中,EPS样品的pH 值对峰的分离和各峰化学位移的稳定性有较大影响,需要控制样品pH＞13.0以确保测定过程的准确性.     

气相色谱法测定地表水中的内吸磷

实验建立了气相色谱法测定地表水中内吸磷的方法.两种内吸磷化合物能有效分离,且方法线性均良好,当取样量为250mL时,两种内吸磷的方法检出限均为0.3μg/L,在两个不同加标水平下,实际地表水样品中两种内吸磷的平均加标回收率为98.3％-107.4％,相对标准偏差为2.1％-3.9％.本方法可准确测定地表水样品中的内吸磷.     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定动物血清和组织器官中的微量银元素

银的应用在当代生物医学领域得到极大地推广,其生物安全性也受到密切关注,明确银离子在生物体内分布以及其安全阈值显得格外重要。因此,需要一种高灵敏度的分析方法来确定医学生物样品中银的含量。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对于金属离子检测具有很高的灵敏度,非常适用于医学生物样品中所含痕量银元素的检测,但具体方法的开发,包括样品前处理和检测过程,尚处于起步阶段。本研究建立了一套简便易行的微波消解处理机体血清和组织器官样品,通过ICP-MS法测定样品内微量银元素的检测方法。血清和肌肉、骨髓、骨骼组织,以及心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏器官样品经5 mL硝酸-2 mL过氧化氢体系微波消解。消解程序采用2 000 W功率3步式温度梯度,样品最终消解完全,获得的数据重复性好,且耗费时间短,为大批量样品处理节省了时间。消解溶液经稀释定容,在优化仪器工作参数后,用ICP-MS对溶液中的107Ag进行测定,以钇(Y)为内标元素补偿基体效应和准确度漂移。测定结果显示,107Ag元素检出限为0.98 μg·kg-1,标准曲线相关系数为0.999 9,回收率为98%～107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.0%～4.3%。用该法测定了动物血清和组织器官中的银元素含量,发现机体摄入银离子后,主要蓄积在肝脏。检测结果表明ICP-MS方法可以准确地测定机体的微量银元素,所建立的方法适用性强,可满足不同类型医学生物样品中微量银元素的测定,操作简便快捷,结果准确且灵敏度高,尤其适合于大批量生物样品的检测,为其他生物样品微量元素的检测提供了指导。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定增产丙烯助剂中磷和铁的研究

使用X射线荧光光谱仪,采用人工合成标样,设计合成了一套标准样品,采用数学校正法中的经验系数法校正元素间的互相干扰,样品不经任何处理,粉末直接压片,经验系数法校正基体效应,建立了分析测定增产丙烯助剂中磷和铁含量的方法。讨论了样品制作方法,合适的测量条件,探讨了试样中元素间的相互影响。实验结果表明,该方法重现性好,准确度和精密度较高,测定磷和铁的相对标准偏差为：0.34%和0.59%;测定范围磷为0.01%～2.5%,铁为0.01%～2.5%。分析结果与化学法、等离子发射光谱法测定结果吻合。该方法快速、简便,样品处理简单,可以不分解;分析速度远快于其他分析方法,结果准确,单次测量一个样品只需要5 min,适用范围广,满足了科研和工业生产的需要。     

平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定茶叶中的微量镉

本文提出了平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定镉的方法，以０．２ｍｇ／ｍＬ，ＰｄＣｌ２＋０．２ｍｇ／ｍＬＭｇ（ＮＯ３）２的混合液作基体改进剂，能有效的消除生物样品的基体效应，方法简单，精密度好，利用标准曲线即可测定茶叶样品中镉。     

用ICP—AES法分析碳钢中磷

本文叙述了用ICP-AES法测定碳钢中磷的方法。利用充氮系统测定178.224纳米磷线的净峰强度。给出了该方法的检出限为0.004%,当采用多点校准曲线时的相关系数为0.99993。同时比较两种测定背景(空白)以求检出线的方法。该法同样能测定碳钢中的硅、锰等元素。     

酸分解-硫氰酸盐分光光度法测定稀土镁中间合金中的钨

采用硫-磷混酸分解、硫氰酸盐显色分光光度法测定了电解稀土镁中间合金中的杂质钨。本方法改变了常规的碱熔方式,以硫-磷混酸分解合金样品使其中的杂质钨与磷酸形成络合物,再经NaOH溶液转化为钨酸钠,同时将大部分稀土和镁基体沉淀分离,最后通过硫氰酸盐显色后测定钨。采用所确定的方法测定了钆-镁中间合金样品,RSD为2.5%;标准回收实验测得回收率为102%—104%。     

连续流动分析法测定土壤中的有效磷

为了提高土壤中有效磷的检测效率和方法的稳定性,研究了现代仪器分析方法-连续流动法测定土壤中有效磷的含量,对连续流动法与农业部标准方法NY/T 148-1990《石灰性土壤有效磷测定方法》、NY/T 1121.7-2006《酸性土壤有效磷的测定》的测定结果进行配对两处理t检验,结果表明：连续流动法与标准方法检测的结果不存在系统误差,样品测定的相对标准偏差均小于10％,连续流动法测定值的相对标准偏差较标准方法略小.同时,用连续流动法对土壤标准样品GBW 07413-GBW 07414（碱法）、GBW07416-GBW 07417（酸法）进行有效磷的测定,测定值与标准值相吻合.     

ICP-AES同时测定高纯石英砂中硼和磷含量

研究了氢氟酸酸溶法处理样品,直接用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定高纯石英砂中硼、磷微量杂质元素。通过优化仪器参数,利用软件扣除背景等方法,成功的消除了基体效应。方法用于高纯石英砂中硼和磷的测定,同时对一个土壤标准物质进行了检测对照,实验结果显示,B和P校准曲线的线性关系好,回收率范围在93.33%—105.00%之间,相对标准偏差均小于1%,对照实验结果与标准参考值无显著性差异。方法具有分析速度快、准确度高、精密度好、检出限低的特点,适用于高纯石英砂等材料中B、P含量的同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高铬铸铁中的铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛

摘要高铬铸铁样品经微波消解,以氧化钇为内标,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定样品溶液中的铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛.分析了3种有证国家标准物质,测定值同证书值吻合,验证了方法的准确性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.