YBa2Cu3O7-x涂层导体的研究进展

以YBa2Cu3O7-2（YBCO）超导涂层为导体的第二代高温超导带材由于其优异的本征性能，吸引着科学家不断探索和研究其实用成材技术。近年来，百米级长带的研制成功，使其成为当前国际上超导研究的热点。综述了近年来二代超导带材的发展状况，并对在镍和镍合金基带上制备涂层导体的工艺技术以及其基本结构特征做了较为系统的介绍，包括基带的制备技术、隔离层的生长、化学法和物理气相沉积法生长YBCO等。     

YBa2Cu3O7-x高温超导涂层导体磁通钉扎的研究进展

以YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO)超导涂层为导体的第二代高温超导带材由于其优异的本征性能,吸引着人们不断探索和研究其实用成材技术.现在,近千米长带的研制成功,使其已经或即将应用于电缆、马达和其他电力器件.为了更好地使YBCO涂层导体能够在高温高磁场下应用.最近在YBCO中引入钉扎中心以提高它的电磁性能的研究是一个热点.综述了近年来二代超导带材的发展状况,并对目前高温超导体中提高电学性能的研究做了较为系统的介绍.     

YBa2Cu3O7—x复合超导带材透射电镜研究

本文通过透射电镜对具有不同临界电流密度(J_c)的YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)超导复合带的微观组织结构进行了分析,并详细地讨论了复合带显微组织与J_c之间的关系。研究结果表明:随着带材中晶界细化、孪晶密度提高和晶界析出物的减少,带材的J_c显著提高。但是,在目前所制备的超导复合带的晶界上,少量的非超导相析出物几乎是不可避免的。所以改善超导体内的微观组织结构是提高复合带J_c的关键因素之一。     

超导相Tl2Ca3Ba2Cu4O12的制备与结构研究

我们已制备出Tl_2 Ca Ba_2 Cu_2O_8(2122)和Tl_2Ca_2 Ba_2 Cu_3 O_(10)(2223)两个纯相,并对它们的晶体结构和性质进行了研究。现在我们又制备出一种新的超导相,它的组成为Tl_2 Ca_3 Ba_2 Cu_4 O_(120(2324),并进一步研究了它的超导性质和晶体结构。     

电流注入对La0.8Te0.2MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-δ双层结构中YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导电性的影响

用电泳法在厚度为5 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm的YBa2Cu3O7-δ上沉积厚约70 μm的 La0.8Te0.2MnO3 形成La0.8Te0.2MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-δ (F/S)双层结构. 通过扫描电子显微镜观察双层结构剖面的形貌, 采用标准的四引线法测量YBa2Cu3O7-δ层的电阻特性. 在F/S双层结构中通入1 mA的注入电流, 无论电流从S层流入F层( Iinj), 或者电流从F层流入S层(-Iinj), 正常电阻均比未加注入电流时的电阻低; 超导转变温度均比未加注入电流的转变温度高.     

YBa2Cu3O7-x高Tc超导体的热转变

自朱经武等最先报道液氮温区Y—Ba—Cu—O体系超导体以来，世界上涌现第二次高Tc超导体研究热潮。材料的烧结与退火均在高温下进行，尤以退火条件对超导性能好坏影响为大。因此，高温热转变的研究对于优良材料的获得及超导机制的认识都至为重要。迄今     

银对提高YBa2Cu3O7—y超导体临界电流密度Jc的作用

对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y):Ag_x超导体的性质进行了研究。该体系有较低的正常态电阻。XRD分析表明,在x<0.2时,该体系为正交结构。随Ag含量的增加,123相的α轴与b轴无明显改变,而c轴增加。X=1.5时,c轴增加了0.33％,表明有部分Ag进入123相晶胞。SEM研究表明,YBa_2Cu_3O_(7_y):Ag_x超导体晶粒细化均匀,晶粒间形成网状结构,改善了弱连接,使其临界电流密度J_c从50A/cm~2提高到572A/cm~2。     

YBa2Cu3O—7超导体中钡的价态

对于YBa_2Cu_3O_(～7)超导体的Ba 3d X光电子能谱(XPS)存在分裂(出现肩峰)的现象有很多不同的解释.Kohiki等认为主峰和肩峰分别代表晶格Ba~(2 )离子和金属Ba;Han等则认为它们分别代表Ba~(2 )离子和更高价态的Ba离子;Ji等提出超导体中存在Ba~(2 )和Ba~((2-δ) )两种离子;唐有祺等报道超导体存在体相钡、表面BaCO_3的钡和绝缘相中的钡,它们的Ba 3d_(5/2)结合能分别为777.8,779。7和781.5eV;Fjellvag等也观察到Ba3d谱中出     

高Tc YBa2Cu3O7-δ起导相生成的机理

The Y-Ba-Cu mixed oxide system is obtained when any kinds of materials containing Y, Ba, Cu are heated at 850 ℃. when heated to 900 ℃, an oxygen-rich tetragonal phase I (YBa_2Cu_3O_(6.9)) is formed. At 930 ℃, an oxygen-deficient tetragonal phase Ⅱ (YBa_2Cu_3O_6) appears, and the oxygens at positions (1/2, 0,0) and (0,1/2,0) are almost drived out. The oxygen absorbed above 650 ℃ are equally distributed onto (1/2,0,0) and (0,1/2,0), the amount of which varies with temperature. It is absorbed oxygen that migrates easily from (0, 1/2, 0) to (1/2, 0, 0) as the tetragonal phase transits into the orthorhombic phase at 650 ℃, which makes differences in oxygen-ocupancy at these two positions, such that the structure deviates from tetragonality and the superconduting properties are improved.     

Peritektische Zersetzung von YBa2Cu3O7−x

During the heating of YBCO a peritectic reaction takes place at 1020C, which can be described by: 2YBa₂Cu₃O_7–xY₂BaCuO₅+L+(1-2x)/2O₂ (1) whereL = 3BaCuO₂ +2CuO is a fluid with limited amount of yttrium.It has been reported, that many parameters can influence the reaction. From one side not only the starting size of grains but also the heating rate have an influence on the resulting Y₂BaCuO₅-phase. From the other side, there is a change of the peritectical temperature caused by changing of the partial pressure of O₂ and the presence of parasitic phase.From general kinetic consideration one can draw the conclusion, that different mechanisms (nucleation, phase-boundary reaction and diffusion) can control the reaction.Using DTA/TG measurements, the peritectic reaction has been examined. Classical kinetic methods (Kissinger and Friedman) has been used. The Friedman method has given the dependence of the activation energy from reaction degree. This suggests many steps reactions. The dependence of the DTA-peaks from the heat rate suggest a parallel steps of reaction. This assumption can be motivated by evaluation of free O₂, one solid and liquid phase formation. Amount of this phases depends on the heating rate. Additionally X-ray and microscopic methods has been used. In this way was shown, that the perovskit structure is stable up to peritectical temperature and than is dramatically destroyed. From microscopic observations has been got information about shape and size of solid phase and it's creation as a function of temperature, time and starting grain size.

Die Arbeit wurde BMBF gefördert und durch Land NRW unterschtützt.     

YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8异质结中的超导转变温度

采用对靶溅射技术制备了YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8（Y-124/LCMO/Y-124）异质结, 研究了超导转变温度（TC）随LCMO层厚度（dL）的振荡行为. 当dL＞dLCR时, TC-dL曲线表现出清晰的非单调行为, 而金属-绝缘体转变温度（TMI）仅当dL＞dLCR时才能观测到. Y-124/LCMO/Y-124系统中所存在的这种对中间层的依赖关系, 显示了铁磁和超导耦合间强烈的相互作用.     

Y1—xCaxBa2Cu3O7—y超导材料的研究

研究了Y_(1-x)Ca_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)系超导材料,当x≤0.15时,钙离子部分置换了123相中钇离子而形成固溶体,导致正交相晶胞参数稍微增大。钙含量增加,三价铜的含量上升,T_c却下降。由于钙离子取代钇离子后主要影响邻近的Cu(2)-O层的性质,这说明Cu(2)-O层的性质对超导电性起了很重要的作用。     

高Tc LaBa2Cu3O7-δ超导相的制备和结构研究

A stable orthorhombic superconduting phase LaBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ), with T_c 82K and Meissner effect 13.6%, has been prepared by citric acid complexation with nitrates. It is determined to be an orderly three layer Ba-La-Ba, oxygen-deficient perovskite structure by X-ray powder diffraction and atomic valence calculation. Through high temperature XRD and DTA-TG study,the phase transition of orthorhombic into tetragonal structure is found to be reversible, and occurs at 450 ℃, not the value 350 ℃ proposed by A. Maeda et al. The superconduting properties are improved as the responsible orthorhombic structure deviates more from tetragonality.     

Thermoanalytical investigations on the sol-gel synthesis of YBa2Cu3O72212;δ

The high temperature superconducting compound YBa₂Cu₃O_72212; (Y-123) is synthesised by sol-gel process using various precursors viz., acetate, acetate-citrate, nitrate-citrate and acrylamide. The phase purity of the final product depends on the homogeneity of the gels which intern depends on the bonding of the metal ions in the gels. The samples prepared by acrylamide and nitrate-citrate gel routes yielded phase pure Y-123 compound with better superconducting properties. The mechanism of formation of Y-123 in all these four gel routes is established by characterising the gels and intermediate phases using TG, DTA and XRD techniques. Kinetic analysis is carried out on the mass loss data using the method proposed by Phadni's and Deshpande. Avrami-Erofeev nuclei growth in case of acrylamide, diffusion controlled process in nitrate-citrate and phase boundary reaction mechanisms in case of acetate-citrate gels are found to be responsible for the formation of Y-123 phase.The authors are grateful to Dr. Baldev Raj, Director, Metals and Materials Group, for his constant encouragement and support. We thank Prof. G. V. Subba Rao, Director, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi for his keen interest in this work. Thanks are also due to Dr. Sundaram, CECRI, Karaikudi for his help in thermal analysis experiments.     

RBa2Cu3O7—δ的结构和某些性质的变化趋势

本文用X射线衍射、碘量法,扫描电镜等手段系统地研究了RBa_2Cu_3O_7-δ[R=La、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Er、Yb、(DyYb)]化合物的结构和某些性质(如氧含量、Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)等)随稀土离子半径的变化规律。发现随着稀土离子半径的减少,晶胞参数(a、b、c、v)几乎线性降低,Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)(％)、氧含量(7-δ)、正交畸变(a-b)几乎线性增加,XRD图谱中001峰加强,SEM像中晶形更加完整。     

YBa2CU3O7-δ掺杂PbO和BaPbO3的性质研究

测量了不同含量PbO和BaPbO3掺杂YBa2Cu3O7-δ的熔化温度和超导临界转变温度(T.).在YBa2Cu3O7-δ中掺入PdO可以降低熔点,但X射线衍射分析表明高温下YBa2Cu3O7-δ与PdO发生了反应生成BaPbO3,降低了样品的超导电性.分别用BaCO3与PdO,BaCO3与PdO2合成了单相的BaPdO3.在YBa2Cu3O7～δ中添加了不同含量的BaPdO3(10%,20%,30%).X射线衍射分析表明YBa2Cu3O7-δ与BaPbO3没有发生反应.掺杂了BaPbO3的YBa2Cu3O7-δ比掺杂PdO具有较好的超导电性,但是不能降低YBa2Cu3O7-δ的熔点.     

VB族元素掺杂对YBa2Cu3O7—y电子结构的影响

合成了YBa_2Cu_(3-x)M_xO_(7-y)(M=V,Nb,Ta;x-0.0～0.7)高温超导体。X-射线粉末衍射分析表明,x≤0.6时,体系仍然是正交结构,没有发生正交到四方的相变。体系的晶胞参数随x的不同而异。体系的电阻率和Hall系数随x的增加而逐渐增加,它们的载流子浓度和载流子迁移率却随x的增加而下降。这说明VB族元素的置換影响了YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)的电子结构。用晶体场理论对体系的电子结构作了解释。     

纯氧气氛中YBa2Cu3O7—y超导体内氧的缺陷平衡

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)超导体内氧的缺陷浓度对超导体的晶型转变,进而对超导性的影响至关重要。由于YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)中氧空位缺陷属于化学缺陷,其缺陷浓度不仅与温度有关,而且也与氧分压有关。我们在前文中曾用直接合成热重法在空气中测定了YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)中的y值。本文是在纯氧气氛中研究超导体的氧非化学计量和缺陷平衡。为便于控制纯氧气氛,实验是在密封的石英容器内进行的。用特制的弹性模量为18.952mg/mm~2的不锈钢弹簧测定样品的热重变化。弹簧下端接石英丝,而石英丝下端悬挂一个用前文的方法处理好的