Pose estimation for UAV aerial refueling with serious turbulences based on extended Kalman filter

In recent years, many pose estimation algorithms were developed, and have been successfully applied to solve unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial refueling pose estimation problems. This paper mainly focuses on solving this problem under serious turbulences circumstance. The extended Kalman filter is a set of mathematical equations to estimate the state of a process, which is able to support estimations of past, present, and even future states. In reference to previous papers and some simulations, we build up the noise models of refueling boom and atmospheric turbulence. Then, an extend Kalman filter is adopted to solve the pose estimation problem in UAV aerial refueling with serious turbulences. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach.     

Role of oxygen functional groups for structure and dynamics of interfacial water on low rank coal surface: a molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the effects of oxygen functional groups for structure and dynamics properties of interfacial water molecules on the subbituminous coal surface. Because of complex composition and structure, the graphite surface modified by hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups was used to represent the surface model of subbituminous coal according to XPS results, and the composing proportion for hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl is 25:3:5. The hydration energy with ?386.28 kJ/mol means that the adsorption process between water and coal surface is spontaneous. Density profiles for oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms indicate that the coal surface properties affect the structural and dynamic characteristics of the interfacial water molecules. The interfacial water exhibits much more ordering than bulk water. The results of radial distribution functions, mean square displacement and local self-diffusion coefficient for water molecule related to three oxygen moieties confirmed that the water molecules prefer to absorb with carboxylic groups, and adsorption of water molecules at the hydroxyl and carbonyl is similar.     

Digital detection and processing of multiple quadrature harmonics for EPR spectroscopy

A quadrature digital receiver and associated signal estimation procedure are reported for L-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The approach provides simultaneous acquisition and joint processing of multiple harmonics in both in-phase and out-of-phase channels. The digital receiver, based on a high-speed dual-channel analog-to-digital converter, allows direct digital down-conversion with heterodyne processing using digital capture of the microwave reference signal. Thus, the receiver avoids noise and nonlinearity associated with analog mixers. Also, the architecture allows for low-Q anti-alias filtering and does not require the sampling frequency to be time-locked to the microwave reference. A noise model applicable for arbitrary contributions of oscillator phase noise is presented, and a corresponding maximum-likelihood estimator of unknown parameters is also reported. The signal processing is applicable for Lorentzian lineshape under nonsaturating conditions. The estimation is carried out using a convergent iterative algorithm capable of jointly processing the in-phase and out-of-phase data in the presence of phase noise and unknown microwave phase. Cramér-Rao bound analysis and simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in linewidth estimation error using quadrature detection, for both low and high values of phase noise. EPR spectroscopic data are also reported for illustration.     

一种检测低信噪比下未知波形时变相干信号的方法*

从获取的数据中检测目标信号,是雷达、声呐等领域重要的研究内容。时频域严重畸变的回波信号以及时变线谱信号的自适应检测,具有重要意义。为了挖掘和推广自适应相干累积（Adaptive Coherent Integration,ACI）技术在未知时变信号检测领域的能力,本文给出了ACI算法的基本原理,并进行了系统性地理论推导,得到了ACI算法的宽带时变自回归滑动平均模型（ARMA）和窄带复解析模型。利用这些模型解释了产生信号相干累积的机理,分析得出了产生相干累积的条件,揭示了这种时变系统的许多奇异特性。结合仿真实验和实际海上实验数据对ACI算法展开验证,结果表明ACI算法对于低信噪比下未知波形信号具有优异的检测能力,展示出ACI算法在水下探测等相关领域存在广泛的实际应用前景。