磁共振扩散加权成像联合血清AFP对小肝癌临床诊断及疗效评估的价值

将194例小肝癌患者纳入小肝癌组,185例肝细胞结节患者纳入结节组,所有患者均行MRI扩散加权成像(DWI-MRI),评估患者在DWI-MRI上的形态学表现及ADC值,检测患者血清AFP水平,比较不同检测方法诊断小肝癌的准确度、灵敏度、特异度。结果显示,应用DWI-MRI联合血清AFP诊断小肝癌的特异度、灵敏度和准确度均显著高于单独应用DWI-MRI,或血清AFP(P<0.05)。表明DWI-MRI联合血清AFP对小肝癌的诊断价值显著,可为病情评估提供切实可行的参考。     

补硒对预防原发性肝癌的作用

原发性肝癌病因为多因素协同作用的结果,我国肝癌病因以乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）、黄曲霉毒（ＡＦＢ１）、饮水污染和遗传等因素为主。某些微量元素缺乏,促进了肝癌的发生、发展。科学工作者针对肝癌病因采取以“防治肝炎、管粮防霉、改良饮水、适量补硒”为中心的综合防治措施,已取得初步成效,本硒进一步阐明在肝癌高发现场应用补硒肝癌的作用。通过四年前瞻研究结果表明,食硒盐补硒组较对照组血硒ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ升高,ＵＤＳ、微     

16例原发性肝癌患者血清锌测定及分析

通过１６例原发性肝癌患者血清锌测定，结果发现：患者血清锌明显低于对照组。提示低血糖锌与原发性肝癌有关。对其关系进行了初步探讨。     

硒酸脂多糖治疗原发性肝癌临床疗效观察

硒酸脂多糖具有硒和多糖两者特殊作用，它治疗原发性肝癌有肯定的疗效。     

斑蝥素衍生物的合成、抗肝癌活性及构效关系研究

斑蝥素衍生物具有结构多样性和良好的抗肝癌活性。本文以呋喃、顺丁烯二酸酐为原料,合成了35个斑蝥素衍生物。以顺铂为阳性对照药,经MTT法测试了所合成化合物对人肝癌HepG2细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,化合物6d、6f、6g、6h、6i的抗肝癌活性与顺铂相当,其中,斑蝥素酰亚胺类化合物具有较好的抗肝癌活性,且当取代基为吸电子基或含氮杂环时化合物显现出较强的抗肝癌活性,该类化合物具有潜在的抗肝癌应用价值。     

人原发性肝癌中的转甲状腺素蛋白(Transthyretin)基因

本文从人正常肝对原发性肝癌的递减式cDNA文库(Subtracting cDNA libra-ry)中筛选出pG8cDNA克隆.Northem杂交证明它在正常肝中高度转录,而在9例肝癌中转录严重受阻遏.9例肝癌DNA MspI酶切杂交信号提示,4例肝癌中该基因存在部分DNA片段的丢失.在另7对肝癌及癌旁组织样本中,有4例肝癌中该基因同样存在部分片段丢失.cDNA序列分析证明它与转甲状腺素蛋白(Transthyretin,TTR)基因的编码区全部同源.本文首次报道了在人肝癌中TTR基因转录严重受阻遏及在基因结构上可能存在丢失或缺陷,提示TTR基因可能是人肝癌中基因缺陷的一个标记或抗癌基因之一.     

金属组学在肝癌诊断及治疗中的应用

金属组学与医学的交叉结合为疾病的诊断及治疗提供了新的研究方向。以肝癌为例,首先介绍了金属组学在肝癌诊断中的应用,包括常用的检测设备和诊断方法;最后介绍了金属组学在肝癌治疗中的应用,除了传统的铂类药物,还发展了钒复合物、钌复合物及砷类药物。金属组学除了用于肝癌的诊断和治疗,也可以预测疗效,如血清Zn与Fe含量的上升,Cu含量下降,提示预后较好。随着新技术的不断发展,金属组学将会在肝癌的诊断及治疗中发挥更大的价值。     

硒预防原发性肝癌的研究进展

综述了从八十年代以来，在肝癌高发区进行的微量元素硒与肝癌关系的研究，包括流行病学、动物实验和防治应用等方面。     

超声弹性成像联合超声造影在鉴别原发性及转移性肝癌中的应用

为探讨超声弹性成像联合超声造影在鉴别原发性及转移性肝癌中的应用价值，选择2016年12月至2018年12月期间本院消化外科住院部收治的肝癌患者160例作为研究对象，根据病理组织学检查结果将患者分为原发组和转移组，各80例，两组进行超声弹性成像和超声造影检查，分析单项和两者联合检查对原发性及转移性肝癌的鉴别诊断效能。结果显示，原发组超声弹性成像评分（3.41±0.85）分，明显高于转移组的（1.52±0.62）分，两组比较差异具有统计学意义，P<0.05。与转移组相比较，原发组造影峰值时间明显延长，造影始增时间明显缩短，造影峰值增强速率明显降低，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两者联合检查对原发性及转移性肝癌的鉴别诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度高于超声弹性成像或超声造影单项检查，漏诊率和误诊率低于超声弹性成像或超声造影单项检查，两者联合检查对原发性及转移性肝癌的鉴别诊断准确度明显高于超声造影单项检查，P<0.05。说明超声弹性成像联合超声造影有利于明显提高原发性及转移性肝癌的鉴别诊断准确度，值得临床推广应用。     

肝病患者血硒水平与甲胎蛋白浓度的相关性研究

硒是人体不可缺少的一种微量元素,其水平的高低影响着机体的肿瘤免疫反应,甲胎蛋白是癌胚蛋白,其浓度的高低反映了肝脏损害的程度（除胎儿期外）,本文血硒水平与甲胎蛋白浓度相关性研究结果表明,两者呈负相关（相关系数－0．627）,且血硒水平呈现慢乙肝＞肝硬化＞肝癌,提示硒对肝脏具有一定的潜在保护作用,补硒可以预防肝癌,在肝癌治疗中适量补硒,对增强患者免疫功能,延长生存期有着十分重要的临床意义。     

增强CT联合血清指标诊断结直肠癌的价值

本文探讨癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)及增强CT在结直肠癌中的联合诊断效果。选取100例结直肠癌患作为观察组,同时选取结直肠良性肿瘤患者60例作为对照组,检测血清CEA、CA19-9、IGFBP-3,同时给予增强CT检查。观察组血清CEA和CA19-9高于对照组(P<0.05),而IGFBP-3低于对照组(P<0.05);TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ和Ⅰ~Ⅱ患者血清CEA、CA19-9和IGFBP-3差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);增强CT联合血清指标联合诊断灵敏性为89.00%、特异性为90.00%;增强CT诊断结直肠癌T分期、N分期与病理结果Kappa值分别为0.696和0.790(P<0.05)。CEA、CA19-9、IGFBP-3联合增强CT是一种具有较高效能的结直肠癌诊断方法。     

New types of potential BNCT agents, o-carboranyl aminoalcohols

o-Carboranyl aminoalcohols were synthesized using a standard Mannich reaction, and were tested for their anticancer properties using an in vitro test for CT26 cancer cells. The polar periphery of the aminoalcohols benefited from the high boron uptake in CT26 cancer cells with low toxicity, indicating their potential as BNCT agents.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像联合肿瘤标志物检查对女性不明原因腹腔积液的诊断价值

本文探讨了18 F-脱氧葡萄糖(18 F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET/CT)联合肿瘤标志物检查对女性不明原因腹腔积液的鉴别诊断价值。选取95例不明原因腹腔积液女性患者的18 F-FDG PET/CT影像资料及肿瘤标志物资料进行回顾性分析,并与病理诊断结果进行对照。结果显示:95例患者中,经病理证实恶性腹腔积液74例,良性腹腔积液21例。PET/CT对良恶性腹腔积液的诊断灵敏度为98.65%,特异度为19.05%,准确度为81.05%。恶性腹腔积液的SUV max与良性腹腔积液比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。将患者按病因进一步细分后发现,卵巢癌组的SUV max明显高于其他良性原因组(P<0.05),但与结核组和其他恶性肿瘤组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肿瘤标志物中以CA125检测效率最高,其对卵巢癌及结核所致腹腔积液的诊断灵敏度为98.2%,特异度为7.7%,准确度为81.4%。PET/CT和CA125联合诊断对卵巢癌及结核所致腹腔积液的灵敏度、特异度及准确度与单一PET/CT或CA125诊断比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本实验表明18 F-FDG PET/CT诊断女性不明原因腹腔积液的良恶性有较高的灵敏度和准确度,但特异性较差,联合肿瘤标志物检查并不能提高对卵巢癌及结核所致腹腔积液的诊断效能。     

Real-time Quantitative RT-PCR for CT9 Level in Human Cancer

Introduction Malignantdiseasesarecharacterizedbytheunreg ulatedgrowthoftransformedcells.Inrecentyears,dramaticinsightsintothemolecularmechanismsofthis phenomenonhavebeenachievedfrombasiccancerre search.Manycellularfunctionsareregulatedbychan gesingeneexpr…     

多组分体系相图中的杠杆原理形式

讨论了两相和三相多组分体系中杠杆原理的两种形式。对两组分体系,利用三相线上的杠杆原理关系式和凝固点降低公式,解释了熔化物体系冷却过程中的步冷曲线。另外,还讨论了三组分体系相图中,同一直线段上三个物系点之间的类杠杆原理关系式。该关系式可以用于不同浓度溶液的配制和三相体系相图的绘制。     

双源CT双能量参数联合血清miR-126、miR-204检测对肺癌诊断价值及与临床病理特征关联性

回顾性选取肺癌患者86例为肺癌组,同期肺良性结节患者86例为对照组,患者均行双源CT双能量、血清miR-126、miR-204水平检测,发现静脉期标准化碘浓度(NIC)、动脉期NIC、miR-204、miR-126水平在肺癌组中呈异常表达,并与肺癌组病理类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移存在一定相关性,三者联合对肺癌具有一定诊断价值。同时经Kaplan-Meier生存分析可知,肺癌组静脉期NIC、动脉期NIC高水平患者生存率低于低水平患者,而miR-126、miR-204高水平患者生存率高于低水平患者(P<0.05)。早期采用双源CT双能量、血清miR-126、miR-204联合诊断,可为临床诊治、预后评估提供循证指导。     

多层螺旋CT诊断甲状腺癌中的辐射和对比剂剂量选择

本文对多层螺旋CT（MSCT）诊断甲状腺癌中的辐射和对比剂剂量选择进行了分析。选取2016年12月～2018年12月本院行MSCT检查的甲状腺癌、甲状腺良性结节患者各200例,依据随机数字表分为A组、B组、C组、D组,每组50例,A组参数为对比剂1.2 mL/kg、120 kV、180 mA,B组为对比剂1.0 mL/kg、120 kV、180 mA,C组为对比剂1.2 mL/kg、100 kV、100 mA,D组为对比剂1.0 mL/kg、100 kV、100 mA。结果显示,A组和B组CT容积剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、有效辐射剂量（ED）明显低于C组和D组,A组和B组甲状腺CT值、背景信号、背景噪声明显高于C组和D组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,A组、B组、C组、D组信噪比（SNR）、对比信噪比（CNR）、图像质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;A组、B组、C组、D组诊断甲状腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。本文证实,对于MSCT诊断甲状腺癌中的辐射和对比剂剂量,选择1.0 mL/kg、100 kV、100 mA可在不严重影响图像质量及检查结果下有效减少患者的CT辐射,值得临床推广。     

Multitargeting Prodrugs that Release Oxaliplatin,Doxorubicin and Gemcitabine are Potent Inhibitors of Tumor Growth and Effective Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death

A multitargeting prodrug ( 2 ) that releases gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin in their active form in cancer cells is a potent cytotoxic agent with nM IC_50s; it is highly selective to cancer cells with mean selectivity indices to human (136) and murine (320) cancer cells. It effectively induces release of DAMPs (CALR, ATP & HMGB1) in CT26 cells facilitating more efficient phagocytosis by J774 macrophages than the FDA drugs or their co-administration. The viability of CT26 cells co-cultured with J774 macrophages and treated with 2 was reduced by 32 % compared to the non-treated cells, suggesting a synergistic antiproliferative effect between the chemical and immune reactions. 2 inhibited in vivo tumor growth in two murine models (LLC and CT26) better than the FDA drugs or their co-administration with significantly lower body weight loss. Mice inoculated with CT26 cells treated with 2 showed slightly better tumor free survival than doxorubicin.     

Novel water soluble bis(μ‐chloro) bridged Cu(II) binuclear and mononuclear complexes: Synthesis,characterization and biological evaluation

A water soluble chloro bridged binuclear copper(II) complex (3) and mononuclear complex (4) have been synthesized from chloro substituted 2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐3‐yl‐methylene‐2 hydroxybenzohydrazide 1 and 2 and CuCl₂·2H₂O. The structures of the complexes have been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The binding interactions of the ligands and complexes with CT‐DNA and protein have been evaluated by absorption and emission spectroscopic method. CT‐DNA and ethidium bromide (EB) competitive studies revealed that the compounds could interact with CT‐DNA through intercalation binding mode. Interactions of the compounds with BSA were also studied by UV−visible, fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic methods which showed that the compounds had a strong binding affinity with BSA through static quenching process. The cytotoxic effect of the compounds examined on cancer cell lines, such as A549 (lung cancer) and MCF7 (breast cancer) cell lines showed that all four compounds exhibited substantial cytotoxic activity.     

Targeted Tumor Computed Tomography Imaging Using Low‐Generation Dendrimer‐Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles

We report a facile approach to fabricating low‐generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au DSNPs) functionalized with folic acid (FA) for in vitro and in vivo targeted computed tomography (CT) imaging of cancer cells. In this study, amine‐terminated generation 2 PAMAM dendrimers were employed as stabilizers to form Au DSNPs without additional reducing agents. The formed Au DSNPs with an Au core size of 5.5 nm were covalently modified with the targeting ligand FA, followed by acetylation of the remaining dendrimer terminal amines to endow the particles with targeting specificity and improved biocompatibility. Our characterization data show that the formed FA‐modified Au DSNPs are stable at different pH values (5—8) and temperatures (4–50 °C), as well as in different aqueous media. MTT assay data along with cell morphology observations reveal that the FA‐modified Au DSNPs are noncytotoxic in the particle concentration range of 0–3000 nM . X‐ray attenuation coefficient measurements show that the CT value of FA‐modified Au DSNPs is much higher than that of Omnipaque (a clinically used CT contrast agent) at the same concentration of the radiodense elements (Au or iodine). Importantly, the FA‐modified Au DSNPs are able to specifically target a model cancer cell line (KB cells, a human epithelial carcinoma cell line) over‐expressing FA receptors and they enable targeted CT imaging of the cancer cells in vitro and the xenografted tumor model in vivo after intravenous administration of the particles. With the simple synthesis approach, easy modification, good cytocompatibility, and high X‐ray attenuation coefficient, the FA‐modified low‐generation Au DSNPs could be used as promising contrast agents for targeted CT imaging of different tumors over‐expressing FA receptors.