气相色谱-双柱双电子捕获检测器测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

采用气相色谱-双柱双电子捕获检测器(ECD)测定鱼肉样品中的10种有机氯农药(六氯苯、α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、七氯、p,p′-DDE、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDT)。样品经正己烷振荡提取后,提取液经自制酸性硅胶柱净化,采用DB-35MS和DB-5毛细管色谱柱进行双柱双ECD分析。10种有机氯农药的线性范围均为5.0~250μg·L~(-1),检出限(3.143s)在0.2~1.2μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在85.7%~121%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于16%。     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法对土壤中有机氯农药的分析及基质效应研究

建立了一种固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中23种有机氯农药的方法,并研究了不同基质效应补偿方式。土壤样品经正己烷∶丙酮(体积比1∶1)提取,弗罗里土小柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱仪检测。结果发现7种有机氯存在中/强程度的基质效应;在10 mL二氯甲烷∶正己烷(体积比1∶9)+10 mL丙酮∶正己烷(体积比1∶9)为固相萃取的洗脱剂,且脉冲压力为275.8 kPa条件下,可将23种有机氯的基质效应均控制在20%以内。23种有机氯农药在0.4～10μg·mL^-1质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r²)均不小于0.999 2,检出限为1.0～8.6μg·kg^-1,定量下限为4.0～34.4μg·kg^-1;在20、60、100μg·kg^-13个加标水平下空白土壤中的平均回收率为46.3%～127%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.68%～15%。采用该方法在某土壤样品中检出α-六六六、γ-六六六、p,p′-DDE、异狄氏剂醛、p,p′-DDT 5种有机氯农药。     

有机氯农药与肿瘤相关基因DNA间的作用机制研究

利用紫外可见(UV-vis)吸收光谱、荧光(FL)光谱和圆二色谱(CD)研究了3种有机氯农药[DDT,DDE和DDD]与人类肿瘤相关基因(p53 DNA和C-myc DNA)的相互作用,阐明有机氯农药的基因毒性。UV-vis和FL光谱实验表明,有机氯农药主要通过嵌插方式与DNA碱基作用,形成非共价复合物。通过FL实验得到的农药分子与p53 DNA的结合能力顺序为:DDE>DDT>DDD,对C-myc DNA为:DDD>DDE>DDT;并通过计算结合过程的热力学常数证实以疏水作用为主要的作用力。CD实验表明,部分有机氯农药能够影响DNA的碱基对堆积和二级结构,很可能进一步造成DNA损伤,并最终导致基因突变。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定蔬菜中农药残留量

采用毛细管气相色谱法测定蔬菜中农药残留量,具有分析农药种类多,结果准确可靠,节省时间等优点.实验测得α-666、β-666、γ-666、δ-666、ρ,ρ′- DDE、o,ρ′- DDT、ρ,ρ′- DDD、ρ,ρ′- DDT、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯等11种农药的平均回收率分别为98.9%、94.2%、106.1%、100.5%、97.3%、103.8%、95.7%、105.3%、95.6%、98.4%、102.8%;精密度峰面积相对标准偏差分别为2.1%、2.9%、3.6%、2.0%、2.9%、4.3%、4.7%、3.1%、1.9%、2.3%、2.7%.     

林蛙油中农药残留的GC-MS/MS检测方法

首次建立了林蛙油中15种农药（p,p′DDE,O,p′-DDD,o p′-DDT,p,p′-DDT,BHC（α、β、γ、δ）,异丙威,甲拌磷,六氯苯,百菌清,皮蝇磷,倍硫磷,甲氰菊酯）的GC—MS／MS残留检测方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取、Florisil层析柱净化后,经GC—MS／MS检测,用外标法定量。15种农药在0．050～10．0mg／L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0．996。当添加量在0．050—2．00mg／kg间,平均加标回收率为81％～117％,RSD为2．4％-18．2％,方法的检出限为0．050mg／kg。该方法准确、灵敏,适用于农药残留的分析。     

微波辅助萃取-固相微萃取-气相色谱法同时测定茶叶中的有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了微波辅助萃取-固相微萃取-气相色谱(MAE-SPME-GC)同时测定茶叶中六六六(α-BHC,β-BHC,γ-BHC,δ-BHC 4种异构体)、滴滴涕类(DDD,DDE,o,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDT)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)和氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)等10种农药残留的方法。采用外标法定量,除氰戊菊酯外,农药的质量浓度与其色谱峰面积在一定范围内有较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9705～0.9984。10种组分的加标回收率为64%～121%,相对标准偏差为10.4%～22.9%,检测限为1～50 ng/L。应用该方法测定了市场上3种茶叶中上述农药残留的含量。     

近海贻贝、牡蛎中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱法测定

应用毛细管柱气相色谱技术对大连近海的贻贝、牡蛎体中的有机氯农药和多氯联苯进行了分析研究;贻贝、牡蛎样品中有机氯和多氯联苯经超声提取、柱色谱分离后 ,由GC -ECD测定 ,检出了8种有机氯农药(α_666、β_666、γ_666、δ_666、o,p′_DDE、p,p′_DDE、p,p′_DDD、p,p′_DDT)和10种多氯联苯(PCB28、PCB52、PCB155、PCB101、PCB112、PCB118、PCB153、PCB138、PCB180、PCB198);有机氯农药含量分布在0.16×10-9～37.9×10-9(w)之间 ,回收率为77 %～89% ;多氯联苯含量分布在0.03×10-9～28.9×10-9(w)之间 ,回收率为75 %～101%。     

响应面法优化烟草中有机氯农药残留的加速溶剂萃取

采用响应面法(RSM)优化了烟草中有机氯农药残留的加速溶剂萃取(ASE)条件,并利用气相色谱-质谱法进行定性定量分析.以有机氯农药平均回收率为指标,考察了加速溶剂萃取过程中提取溶剂、萃取温度、冲洗溶剂体积、循环次数和吹扫时间等因素对烟草中有机氯提取效果的影响.经响应面优化的最佳ASE条件为:提取溶剂为正己烷-丙酮(体积比9:1),萃取温度107 ℃,冲洗体积92%,吹扫时间92 s,循环次数3次.在优化条件下,烟草有机氯农药萃取回收率理论预测值为96.5%,验证值为94.9%.结果表明,响应面法适用于烟草中有机氯农药残留加速溶剂萃取条件的优化,经优化得到的萃取参数准确可靠,具有实用价值.     

用微波消解气相色谱法测定鱼肉中的有机氯农药

研究了微波消解 -有机溶剂提取 -气相色谱法测定鱼肉样品中有机氯农药的分析方法。对消解液、微波辅助加热条件及提取溶剂进行了优化实验 ,选择冰醋酸 -高氯酸 (体积比4∶1)在600W微波功率下接受辐射2min分解鱼肉样品 ,用30 % (φ)苯的石油醚溶液提取 ,对各种有机氯农药的回收率除 p,p′_DDT为60.3 %外 ,其余均在83.4 %～109.6 %之间 ,与水浴加热分解的国家标准方法相当。该法具有快速 ,灵敏度、精确度、准确度高等优点 ,适用于大批量食品和生物样品中有机氯农药的分析测定。     

基质固相分散-加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测土壤中有机氯农药残留

建立了用弗罗里硅土作基质固相分散剂的加速溶剂萃取、并以灭蚁灵（Mirex）为内标的快速、同时测定土壤中16种有机氯农药的气相色谱法。加速溶剂萃取仪在100℃,10．3Mpa用正己烷和丙酮（1：1,V／V）静态提取样品10min,0．01μg/g加标水平回收率为77．3％-101．3％;方法检出限为0．01—0．04ng／g。方法满足了土壤中有机氯农药残留测定的要求。对我国南方不同地域的72个土壤样品进行了测定,大部分有机氯农药在土壤中都有一定检出量,其中环氧七氯最高（2．6～844．5ng／g）,甲氧DDT（23．2—219．8ng／g）和P,P’-DDT（4．0—183．1ng／g）次之,而o,P＇-DDT在72个土样中都没有检出。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.