溶菌酶蛋白在聚合物防污膜表面的吸附

采用分子动力学模拟方法比较了溶菌酶蛋白在两种典型聚合物防污材料聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)表面的吸附行为, 在微观上探讨了聚合物膜表面性质对蛋白质吸附的影响. 根据蛋白质与聚合物膜之间的相互作用、能量变化及表面水化层分子的动力学行为, 解释了PEG防污涂层相对于PDMS表面具有更佳防污效果的原因: (1) 相比PDMS涂层, 蛋白质与PEG涂层的结合能量较低, 使其结合更加疏松; (2) 蛋白质吸附到材料表面要克服表面水化层分子引起的能障, PEG表面与水分子之间结合紧密, 结合水难于脱附, 造成蛋白质在其表面的吸附需要克服更高的能量, 不利于蛋白质的吸附.     

溶菌酶蛋白与聚合物防污膜相互作用的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了溶菌酶蛋白分子(Lysozyme)在2种典型聚合物防污材料(有机硅弹性体聚二甲基硅氧烷PDMS和两性离子类聚磺酸基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸甲酯SBMA)表面的吸附行为,进一步从微观角度阐释了防污材料的防污机理.通过比较蛋白质与聚合物膜间的作用力和结合能,防污膜表面水化层的动力学性质,以及蛋白质与基底结合位点附近的结构分析表明SBMA有着更优异的防污能力:(1)蛋白质的吸附须要克服两者表面水化层引起的物理障碍和能量势垒,SBMA通过表面氢键、静电作用和笼效应束缚了一层紧密结合的水化层,表面结合水难于脱附,水化层分子的去溶剂化需要克服的能垒高.(2)蛋白质与PDMS的结合能量上更具优势,相比SBMA与蛋白质间的结合更加稳定,不利于蛋白质的脱附.     

聚合物防污材料表面水化层的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了吸附在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和接枝聚磺酸基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸甲酯(pSBMA)改性后的防污材料膜水化层内的水分子的结构及其动力学性质, 从微观角度解释了聚合物膜具有防污性能的原因. 模拟发现: (1)紧靠聚合物膜形成的水化层是聚合物具有防污性能的关键因素, 该水化层是溶液中的粒子(包括蛋白质分子)与聚合物膜相接触时所要克服的最主要的物理能障; (2)相对PDMS聚合物膜而言, 双离子特性自组装膜(pSBMA)在氢键、静电力的共同作用下, 可以形成空间笼状水分子网结构对水分子具有更强的束缚作用并有效降低水分子的可运动性, 形成的稳定水化层使得pSBMA具有更强的阻碍蛋白质吸附的能力.     

聚丙烯酰吡咯作为蛋白质吸附材料的研究

近些年, 具有电活性的聚合物在生物分子吸附材料方面的应用越来越广. 而导电聚合物的前聚体化合物的合成(如带吡咯基团的聚合物)对于生物分子的吸附研究非常重要. 详细研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在导电聚合物前聚体—聚丙烯酰吡咯(PAP)表面上的吸附规律. 首先, 采用自由基聚合方法合成PAP, 通过spin-coating方法将PAP涂覆到50 nm厚的金膜上, 制备出均匀聚合物薄膜. 然后, 采用傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对PAP的化学结构及元素构成进行了分析, 同时考察了PAP膜在不同pH值的生物缓冲液环境中的水接触角. 在详细研究了聚合物膜的化学结构和表面性质之后, 采用表面等离子体谐振仪(SPR)原位监测BSA在PAP上的吸附动力学过程, 发现其吸附行为主要受缓冲液的pH值和BSA浓度的影响. 在不同生物缓冲液环境下, 蛋白质和聚合物膜之间的各种作用力会发生变化, 最终导致蛋白质吸附行为以及吸附量的不同, 这为以后制备更加敏感的导电蛋白质芯片奠定了基础.     

环状构象PEG改性表面及其优越的抗凝血性能

聚乙二醇(PEG)因其优异的抗蛋白质吸附能力成为抗凝血材料的首选.目前,多数研究都集中在PEG链长和接枝密度对蛋白质吸附的影响,鲜有关注PEG链构象影响的研究.本文利用硫金键在石英晶体微天平金片表面构建了两种不同分子量(MW=1000和MW=5000)的环状(SH-PEG-SH)和线型(m PEG-SH)构象的PEG改性表面,并研究了其抗纤维蛋白原吸附机理和抗凝血性能.X射线光电子能谱仪和原子力显微镜确定了不同表面的组成及其相结构.结果发现,环状构象的PEG表面相对于线型PEG构象能更加有效地抑制纤维蛋白原的吸附,同时具有更加优异的抗血小板和红细胞黏附性能.分析其蛋白质吸附机理发现,当PEG分子量较低时(MW=1000),其环状构象PEG表面抗纤维蛋白原吸附机理源于较高的表面覆盖率;当PEG分子量较高时(MW=5000),其抗纤维蛋白原吸附机理源于高黏弹性和高表面覆盖率共同作用的结果.本工作为构建抗凝血涂层提供了新的思路,并为制备高性能生物医用材料提供了理论基础.     

两性离子聚合物涂层的研究与应用进展

两性离子聚合物是一类整体呈电中性,在同一单体侧链上同时含有阴、阳离子基团的高分子材料,因其独特的分子结构和理化性质引起了人们广泛的关注。两性离子聚合物具有极强的水化能力,通过结合水分子可以在材料表面形成一层致密的水化层,使其成为涂层材料功能化的良好选择,在诸多领域具有潜在的应用价值。从介绍两性离子聚合物的分类及聚合物涂层的制备方法入手,进一步对两性离子聚合物在海洋防污、生物医学和膜分离技术中的应用研究进展进行论述,最后对两性离子聚合物及涂层的发展进行总结和展望。     

含氟/PEG的有机硅基双亲防污涂层的制备及性能

以不同分子量的端氢硅油(PDMS)和聚乙二醇二烯丙基醚(PEGDE)为原料,通过硅氢加成合成了系列双键封端的含有机硅和聚乙二醇(PEG)链段的多嵌段共聚物(PDMS-b-PEG)m,再用三甲氧基氢硅烷进行端基官能化,生成三甲氧基硅烷封端的多嵌段聚合物,即含PEG前驱物.含PEG前驱物、含氟前驱物(FMS-9922)与有机硅基体树脂通过缩合聚合制备了含PEG的氟硅双亲弹性防污涂层.通过核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱对PEG前驱物的结构进行了表征.吸水率、SEM-EDS和接触角测试考察了含PEG前驱物中疏水链段的长度,含氟前驱物的含量对涂层表面重排的影响,结果表明PEG前驱物中疏水链段越长,涂层的吸水率越低,在水中越稳定,且表面不易发生重排.而含氟前驱物的加入能促使PEG链段向表面方向迁移.抗蛋白、抗菌和抗藻附着性能测试表明:含有FMS-9922的样品防污性能均优于不含FMS-9922的样品,而且随着FMS-9922用量增加,涂层防污性能呈上升趋势;但是FMS-9922用量太高时,体系相容性下降,防污性能也随之变差,故FMS-9922的含量控制在7%为宜.     

含PEG的双亲性氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂防污涂层的制备及性能

以烯丙基聚乙二醇(APEG)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为共聚物单体合成了含聚乙二醇(PEG)的羟基丙烯酸预聚物(BOH),该预聚物再与α,ω-三乙氧基硅烷封端的聚二甲基硅烷低聚物(TSU)和α,ω-三乙氧基硅烷封端的全氟聚醚低聚物(PFU)通过缩合反应制得含有PEG的氟硅改性丙烯酸交联网络防污涂层.通过核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)对聚合物的结构进行了表征.通过原位纳米测试系统、接触角测试和生物评价等表征方法,探讨了树脂中TSU,PFU和BOH配比对表面能、弹性模量及其生物防污性能的影响.结果表明兼具氟硅低表面能性和PEG抗蛋白吸附性能的交联网络涂层TFS-BOH-B具有好的防污性能,且随着TSU和PFU含量增加,防污性能提高.     

七氟丁酸酐有序超薄膜的制备与结构

在涂敷有聚合物PEI涂层的单晶硅表面上制备了HFBA单层分子膜,接触解测量及XPS结果表明,PFBA在PEI表面产生了化学吸附发生了化学键合(酰胺键),形成了低表面能的HFBA单分子层膜,这一吸附反应的动力学行为可能表现为Langmuir单分子层化学吸附。     

原位探测防污高分子材料与液体界面的分子结构（英文）

海洋生物附着在船体表面会导致严重的燃油消耗的增加,防污高分子材料的研究因此成为对海洋船只运行极其重要的课题。这些高分子可以被用作船只的表面涂层,从而保护船只不受到海洋生物的吸附和生长的影响。两性离子高分子近年来已经逐渐成为潜力巨大的防污材料。研究表明,这些两性离子高分子的表面在水中的强水化作用对于其防污性能有至关重要的影响。在本篇综述中,我们总结了最近通过使用和频(SFG)振动光谱技术来实现的对防污材料的界面分析工作。SFG是一种表面敏感的技术,可以在原位并实时检测界面高分子和水分子的分子结构。我们总结的防污材料包括两性离子高分子,混合电荷式高分子以及两性的拟肽高分子材料。这些材料的界面水研究,以及盐离子对界面水分子作用会被详细讨论。我们也将介绍这些防污材料与蛋白质及海藻之间的作用。以上这些研究清楚地表明了高分子界面强水化与防污性能之间的关联,也显示了SFG是对高分子材料防污机理探索的一个强有力的分析技术。     

Interactions between hen egg-white lysozyme, PEG2,000, and PLA50 at the air-water interface

In this paper, we compared the efficiency of polymer films, made of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG2,000)/poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA50) mixture, or a PEG2,000-PLA50 copolymer, to prevent adsorption of a model protein, the hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL), at the air-water interface. This was achieved by analyzing the surface pressure/surface area curves, and the X-ray reflectivity data of the polymer films spread on a Langmuir trough, obtained in absence or in presence of the protein. For both the mixture and the copolymer, the amount of protein adsorbed at the air-water interface decreases when the density of the polymer surface coverage increases. It was shown that even in a condensed state, the polymer film made by the mixture can not totally prevent HEWL molecules to adsorb and penetrate the polymer mixed film, but however, protein molecules would not be directly exposed to the more hydrophobic phase, i.e. the air phase. It was also shown that the configuration adopted by the copolymer at the interface in its condensed state would prevent adsorption of HEWL molecules for several hours; this would be due in particular to the presence of PEG segments in the interfacial film.     

Formation of antifouling functional coating from deposition of a zwitterionic-co-nonionic polymer via “grafting to” approach

We develop a new process for the preparation of synergistic antifouling functional coatings on gold surfaces via a “grafting to” approach. The strategy includes a synthetic step of polymer brushes that consist of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and zwitterionic side chains via a typical reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization process, and a subsequent deposition of the polymer brushes onto a gold substrate. The presence of PEG and zwitterion chains on these polymer brush-coated gold surfaces has been proved to have a synergistic effect on the final antifouling property of the coating. PEG chains lower the electrostatic repulsion between zwitterionic polymer chains and increase their graft density on gold surfaces, while zwitterionic polymer effectively improves the antifouling property that is offered by PEG chains alone. Protein adsorption and cell attachment assays tests are conducted to confirm that this copolymer layer on gold surface has a pronounced resistance against proteins such as Bovine serum albumin and Lysozyme. Importantly, the antifouling property can be systematically adjusted by varying the molar ratio of PEG to zwitterionic chains in the final coating copolymer.     

Multilayer poly(vinyl alcohol)-adsorbed coating on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chips for biopolymer separation

A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip surface was modified by multilayer-adsorbed and heat-immobilized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) after oxygen plasma treatment. The reflection absorption infrared spectrum (RAIRS) showed that 88% hydrolyzed PVA adsorbed more strongly than 100% hydrolyzed one on the oxygen plasma-pretreated PDMS surface, and they all had little adsorption on original PDMS surface. Repeating the coating procedure three times was found to produce the most robust and effective coating. PVA coating converted the original PDMS surface from a hydrophobic one into a hydrophilic surface, and suppressed electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the range of pH 3-11. More than 1,000,000 plates/m and baseline resolution were obtained for separation of fluorescently labeled basic proteins (lysozyme, ribonuclease B). Fluorescently labeled acidic proteins (bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin) and fragments of dsDNA phiX174 RF/HaeIII were also separated satisfactorily in the three-layer 88% PVA-coated PDMS microchip. Good separation of basic proteins was obtained for about 70 consecutive runs.     

MICROPHASE SEPARATED STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF PDMS-MDI-PEG COPOLYMER SURFACE

A series of poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)-4,4′-diphenylmethanediisocyanate(MDI)-poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) multiblock copolymers were synthesized by employing two-step growth polymerization and investigated by AFM,XPS. contact angle system,protein adsorption and platelets adhesion measurements,respectively.It was found that as the molecular weight of PDMS increased,the surface of copolymers had increasing phase separation,while the increase in the molecular weight of PEG decreased the phase separation ext...     

A novel quartz crystal microbalance gas sensor based on porous film coatings. A high sensitivity porous poly(methylmethacrylate) water vapor sensor

We describe a novel and generally applicable approach for creating voids in films deposited on the surface of solid substrates. Such films are advantageous when a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is the basis of a sensor. We show that films with large void volumes produce more sensitive sensors than with the original film. Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) was used as the polymer layer deposited on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to demonstrate our technique for the model system of water vapor analysis in flowing nitrogen gas. A film of pure PMMA on a QCM is a sensor for water vapor in a gas phase. A more sensitive sensor was created by dip coating QCM crystals into solutions containing mixtures of PMMA and poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLL) and then evaporating the solution films on the QCM crystals to form mixed polymer films of varying PDLL content. The PDLL was then removed from the mixed polymer films by exposure to a NaOH solution to form pure PMMA films having various void volumes. A leached PMMA film that originally contained 50% by weight PDLL had a 3.7 times larger QCM sensitivity for water vapor than a pure PMMA film.     

Temperature‐dependent phase‐segregation behavior and antifouling performance of UV‐curable methacrylated PDMS/PEG coatings

Controllable phase segregation adjustment for immiscible polymer blends has always been tough, which hinders the development of amphiphilic antifouling coatings from more accessible blends. Herein, methacrylated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS‐MA) was synthesized and mixed with poly(ethylene glycol)methylether methacrylate (PEG‐MA). It was interestingly discovered that these PDMS‐MA/PEG‐MA blends displayed upper critical solution temperatures (UCST) due to thermo‐induced conformational change of PEG‐MA and the UCST changed with PDMS‐MA/PEG‐MA mass ratios. Micro‐/nano‐phase segregation, nanophase segregation, or homogenous morphology were therefore achieved. These PDMS‐MA/PEG‐MA blends with different mass ratios were UV‐cured under varying temperatures to fabricate coatings. Their surface morphology and wettability are readily adjusted by phase segregation. For the first time, highly hydrophilic surface was achieved for coatings with microphase segregation because of the exposure of PEG‐rich domains, which exhibited an enhanced protein resistance against bovine serum albumin (BSA). Anti‐bacterial performance (Shewanella loihica) was also observed for these PDMS/PEG coatings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1612–1623     

Amphiphilic and hydrophobic surface patterns generated from hyperbranched fluoropolymer/linear polymer networks: Minimally adhesive coatings via the crosslinking of hyperbranched fluoropolymers

Hyperbranched fluoropolymers (HBFPs), based on benzyl ether linkages and having a large number of pentafluorophenyl chain ends, were crosslinked by a reaction with diamino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or diamino-terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) to form hyperbranched–linear copolymer networks of different compositions, structures, and properties. The crosslinking reactions involved the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the pentafluorophenyl para-fluorines of HBFP by the amine functionalities of the respective telechelic linear segments. The contact angles, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the resulting network film samples. The surface wettability of the crosslinked materials was affected by the nature and amount of the linear polymer crosslinking agent employed. Amphiphilic polymer networks were formed by the incorporation of diamino-terminated PEG as a crosslinker, whereas diamino-terminated PDMS produced polymer networks of a hydrophobic character. The mechanical properties improved upon crosslinking, as measured by tensile testing. The mechanical integrity of the films was also found to improve upon crosslinking, as measured by AFM machining protocols. The AFM images revealed topographical morphologies that appeared to be the result of phase segregation of HBFP from PEG or PDMS; the dimensions of the phase-segregated domains were dependent on the stoichiometry of HBFP to the linear polymer and the thickness of the coating. As the content of PEG increased, fouling by human fibrinogen, used as a model protein, decreased. Further studies are in progress to determine the effects of the surface composition, morphology, and topography on the biofouling characteristics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3531–3540, 2003     

Synthesis, characterization and protein adsorption behaviors of PLGA/PEG di-block co-polymer blend films

A series of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) di-block copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide and glycolide with different molecular weights of monomethoxy polyethyleneglycol (mPEG) 750, 2000 and 5000 as an initiator. The bulk properties of these co-polymers were characterized by using 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) results, in which the blend films with the di-block copolymers showed increasing surface oxygen atomic percentage with increasing PEG chain length, indicate that PEG chain segment in the di-block copolymers is surface oriented and enriched onto the surface of the blend films. The extent of protein adsorption onto the surface of these blend films was studied, using iodine radio-labeled human serum albumin, gamma globulin and human growth hormone. The protein adsorption amount was reduced for the blend films prepared with PLGA/PEG 750 and 2000 di-block copolymers, but increased to a great extent for PLGA/PEG 5000 di-block copolymer. This is due to the increased water uptake capacity of the blend film, which absorbed more protein molecules into a swollen polymer matrix in addition to surface adsorption.     

PDMS network blends of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol)‐fluoroalkyl side chains for fouling‐release coatings. I. Chemistry and stability of the film surface

Amphiphilic copolymers of a methacrylic monomer (SiMA) carrying a polysiloxane side chain and an acrylic monomer (ZA) with a mixed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐fluoroalkyl side chain (10–85 mol % ZA) were incorporated as the surface‐active components into poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) network blends at different loadings (1 and 4 wt % with respect to PDMS). Wettability of the coating surfaces was investigated by contact angle measurements, and their surface chemical composition was determined by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the surface segregation of the fluoroalkyl segments of the amphiphilic copolymers was responsible for the high enrichment in fluorine concentration within 10 nm of the coating surface. The PEG segments were also concentrated at the polymer?air interface. The chemical composition of the films was proven to be relatively little affected by immersion in water. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012