控制力矩陀螺用磁轴承磁力参数的辨识

提出一种实用的闭环辨识方法—磁中心变位移法,可以对控制力矩陀螺用磁轴承的磁力参数进行辨识。这种方法通过在磁中心处改变转子位移,得出不同位移时的电流值,再用这些值进行最小二乘辨识,得出所求的磁力参数。辨识出的电磁力模型中代入实际数据所得输出值与磁轴承实际输出数据非常吻合,证明了辨识所得磁力参数的准确性,并且用所得到的磁力参数指导磁轴承系统控制器参数的选择,使之更好地对磁轴承进行控制。实验证明,调整后的参数使转子在 30 060 r/mim 时仍能稳定地悬浮在给定位置,验证了所得磁力参数的准确性。     

利用有限元法计算径向磁轴承性能

利用非线性有限元方法(FEM)计算了一种径向磁轴承(定子具有8磁极常规结构)的转子在无偏心以及偏置电流分别为0.5 A、1.0 A和1.5 A下的电磁力及其电流刚度与位置刚度,预测了径向磁轴承的承载力,给出了其磁场分布图,并与磁轴承的线性化模型参数进行了比较.结果表明,基于有限元方法得到的计算值同试验结果一致,可以为径向磁轴承的设计和分析提供依据.     

磁悬浮飞轮转子组件温度场分析与研究

磁悬浮飞轮作为一种航天器的姿态控制执行机构当其工作在高真空环境下时，散热条件差，系统温度过高，导致转子组件热膨胀，产生热应力或改变磁轴承及电机的间隙，则会降低系统的可靠性。利用有限元软件ANSYS对一种磁悬浮飞轮系统的转子组件进行了温度场仿真，考虑了传导及辐射的传热方式，得到了飞轮转子组件的温度场分布，并且分析了组件材料属性对温度场分布的影响，最后对飞轮系统的强化传热进行了研究。分析所得温度值与实验测值相符，为磁悬浮飞轮系统的热设计及总体结构设计提供了重要依据。     

转子振动的灰色Verhuslt预测优化控制研究

以灰色预测控制理论为基础，首次将非线性GM模型引入到转子振动主动控制中，并采用现代控制理论中的二次型优化原理，以控制力和响应加权最小为目标函数，设计了转子系统振动的灰色Verhuslt预测优化控制方案。将该方案应用于带电磁阻尼器转子轴承系统的转子振动控制中，仿真结果显示转子振动的灰色预测Verhuslt优化控制是有效的、可行的。     

基于xPC Target的静电陀螺支承控制系统仿真

针对静电陀螺转子在电极腔内的运动特性,建立了具有负刚度特性的转子动力学方程。结合传统的3-4,4—3变换,建立了三路支承控制器,并采用MATLAB参数优化工具箱设计控制器参数。采用xPC Target及相应的接口电路建立了实时仿真平台,对支承控制系统进行实时仿真。实时仿真结果表明三路支承控制器能够对具有负刚度特性的转子运动进行有效控制。另外通过一个实际模拟电路验证了实时仿真平台的有效性,这对八电极小型实心转子静电陀螺的支承控制系统快速研制具有重要意义。     

高速磁悬浮转子稳定性研究及其在控制力矩陀螺中应用

磁悬浮支承应用于控制力矩陀螺具有高精度，长寿命的优点。高速转子的陀螺效应导致的失稳制约了其在CMG中的应用，尤其是章动造成的磁悬浮转子高速失稳问题。该文分析了由于陀螺效应产生的章动造成系统失稳的根本原因，提出了控制系统的解决方案。研究结果表明，章动失稳的主要原因是系统的相位延迟造成的，尤其对数字控制系统，相位延迟更为严重，使用简单交叉解耦控制不能解决问题，需要对现有的控制器进行优化才能保证系统在高速下的稳定性。     

挤压油膜阻尼器-滑动轴承-柔性转子系统的动力响应分析

建立了挤压油膜阻尼器-滑动轴承-柔性转子非线性系统的动力学模型,采用Runge-Kutta法进行求解,进而对系统的稳定性和分叉行为进行了研究。仿真计算结果表明,系统能够在一定范围内保持稳定,随着转速的变化系统将会出现倍周期、准周期及混沌响应,从而为有效地控制转子的稳定运行状态提供了理论依据。     

可控挤压油膜轴承主动控制转子系统振动

本文提出了“可控挤压油膜轴承”,以主动控制转子系统的振动,设计了不同的可控挤压油膜油承方案,借稳态不平衡响应构成的二次目标函数,分析比较了它们的振动控制效果,根据这一研究,可初步得到如下结论:对于航空发动机,可控挤压油膜轴承极有希望成为一种更有效的振动控制方法。     

转子系统振动变参控制中的瞬态响应

本文以可变参数的挤压油膜阻尼器作为控制元件，研究了转子在稳态转速及加速运动过程中进行变参控制时的瞬态响应问题。结果说明了对转子系统的振动进行分段变参控制，无论是在稳态还是在加速运动过程中，一般都可以取得满意的控制效果，不仅可以减小转子系统的振动，而且还可以使转子系统平稳地通过具有较大振动的共振区，但变参位置不应在多值转速区内。     

一种赤道刻线静电陀螺仪主动阻尼控制方案及其实验研究

提出一种采用转子赤道刻线，利用赤道光电传感器的输出来控制阻尼力矩方向的半球施矩主动阻尼控制方案。在气浮装置上用大球转子进行了模拟试验。试验表明该主动阻尼控制方案可在大范围内对转子进行阻尼，大大减少了阻尼时间。中对大球转子及实心转子主动阻尼结果进行了对比分析，表明对于实心转子ESG，赤道刻线主动阻尼方案能将阻尼时间减少到被动阻尼的10％。     

Reduction of subsynchronous vibrations in a single-disk rotor using an active magnetic damper

Rotor instabilities in turbomachinery often manifest themselves as a re-excitation of the first rotor critical speed resulting in lateral rotor vibrations at a frequency below the rotor operating frequency. Considerable work exists in the literature involving the analysis of destabilizing mechanisms and passive solutions for reducing subsynchronous vibrations. The authors propose here a novel active control solution utilizing active magnetic bearing (AMB) technology in conjunction with conventional support bearings. The AMB is utilized as an active magnetic damper (AMD) at rotor locations inboard of conventional support bearings. Presented here are initial proof-of-concept experimental results using an AMD for vibration control of subsynchronous rotor vibrations in a high-speed single-disk laboratory rotor. The study shows that subsynchronous vibrations are reducible with an AMD and up to a 93% reduction in the amplitude of subsynchronous vibrations is demonstrated. The study also shows that the AMD can significantly increase synchronous vibration response (up to 218% in one case) by increasing system stiffness and pushing a critical speed closer to an operating speed. The overall results from this work demonstrate that reduction in subsynchronous response is feasible and that full rotor dynamic analysis and design is critical for the successful application of this approach.     

Saturation-based active controller for vibration suppression of a four-degree-of-freedom rotor–AMB system

In this paper, a four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) rotor–AMB system including saturation-based active controller is considered that is used to suppress the vibrations of the rotor–AMB system at primary resonance excitation and the presence of 1:1 and 1:2 internal resonances. We obtained an approximate solution applying the multiple scales perturbation method. Then we conducted bifurcation analyses for both the open and closed loop systems. The stability of the system is investigated applying the Lyapunov first method. The effects of different controller parameters on the main system’s behavior are studied. Optimum working conditions of the system are extracted to be used in the design of such systems. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to validate the saturation control law. We found that all predictions from analytical solutions are in close agreement to the numerical simulation. At the end of the work, a comparison with the available published work is included.     

Nonlinear oscillation of active magnetic bearing–rotor systems with a time-delayed proportional–derivative controller

Nonlinear Dynamics - A time-delayed proportional–derivative controller is applied to suppress the nonlinear vibration of a rigid rotor suspended by the active magnetic bearing (AMB) subjected...     

Effects of AMB parameters on the dynamic stability of the rotor

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Periodic and Chaotic Motions of a Rotor-Active Magnetic Bearing with Quadratic and Cubic Terms and Time-Varying Stiffness

In this paper, we use the asymptotic perturbation method to investigate nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics in a rotor-active magnetic bearings (AMB) system with 8-pole legs and the time-varying stiffness. The stiffness in the AMB is considered as the time varying in a periodic form. Because of considering the weight of the rotor, the formulation on the electromagnetic force resultants includes the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. The resulting dimensionless equations of motion for the rotor-AMB system with the time-varying stiffness in the horizontal and vertical directions are a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities and parametric excitation. The asymptotic perturbation method is used to obtain the averaged equations in the case of primary parametric resonance and 1/2 subharmonic resonance. It is found that there exist period-3, period-4, period-6, period-7, period-8, quasiperiodic and chaotic modulated amplitude oscillations in the rotor-AMB system with the time-varying stiffness. It is seen from the numerical results that there are the phenomena of the multiple solutions and the soft-spring type and the hardening-spring type in nonlinear frequency-response curves for the rotor-AMB system. The parametric excitation, or the time-varying stiffness produced by the PD controller is considered to be a controlling force which can control the chaotic response in the rotor-AMB system to a period n motion.     

Active magnetic bearing based force measurement using the multi-point technique

Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are currently used in a number of commercial and research applications. AMBs allow for higher rotational speeds than rolling element bearings while eliminating the need for lubrication. In addition, they also may be used concurrently as support bearings and non-invasive force sensors by monitoring bearing flux-density through the addition of Hall Effect probes or through measurement of bearing currents applied to magnetic circuit models of the bearing. Many current-based approaches are limited because of model assumptions due to unknowns in the final geometry/assembly of the bearing itself resulting in unknown flux distribution. This paper addresses a new strategy for AMB current-based force measurement, the Multi-Point Method, which uses a system identification approach in order to improve the accuracy of force measurements in field conditions with no additional hardware. The Multi-Point Method described in this paper is a system identification approach to force measurement where both gap and forces are determined through the use of perturbation current application, recording of resulting states, and the use of an on-line algorithm. The Multi-Point Method has been shown to be capable of providing force measurements that are more accurate and more precise over a range of vertical rotor displacements (mimicking misalignment, assembly variations, and thermal growth effects on field gaps) than conventional single point current-based measurements that rely on assumed gaps in static tests. This paper presents the results of a proof-of-concept static test in a non-rotating two bearing rotor. Initial static experimental results demonstrate that the multi-point force predictions are within 1.03% of the known rotor force on average, with an average standard deviation of 0.83%. Comparatively, the conventional single point force predictions were within 5.76% of the known force with an average standard deviation of 6.17%. Dynamic effects due to eddy currents and hysteresis effects also degrade current-based force model accuracy and will be addressed in future work. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the importance of accounting for geometric parameters through a system identification approach to improve the fundamental current-based model accuracy.     

变转速共轴旋翼载荷建模及实验验证

对共轴双旋翼无人飞行器操纵结构的简化,会引起旋翼载荷变化更加复杂。共轴双旋翼转速控制方法有助于飞行控制系统的实现,但是在飞行控制律设计时,需要透彻了解变转速旋翼的气动载荷变化,建立精准的旋翼载荷模型。本文深入分析了旋翼变转速情况下单旋翼系统和共轴双旋翼系统的旋翼入流分布,建立了单旋翼变转速旋翼载荷计算方法,提出了共轴双旋翼变转速旋翼载荷计算方法。明确了低雷诺数对微型旋翼飞行器的旋翼载荷计算影响,引入雷诺数修正系数完成对旋翼翼型升阻系数气动参数的修正和验证,提高了变转速共轴双旋翼载荷模型的计算精度。设计了一套变转速单旋翼系统和共轴双旋翼系统的旋翼载荷测量实验装置,通过实验测试完成了对共轴双旋翼载荷计算方法的验证,表明了所提出的变转速共轴双旋翼载荷模型和实验测试装置是可信的。     

裂纹转子在支承松动时的振动特性研究

以具有支承松动的Jeffcott裂纹转子为研究对象，分析了支承松动和轴上横向裂纹对转子系统刚度的影响，建立了转子系统振动的微分方程，并用数值方法分析了其振动特性。分析表明，转子在裂纹和支承松动这两种非线性因素的作用下，表现出复杂的非线性行为。